APHG
Unit 4 PPT Outline
Part IV
Guided Notes
Name:
IV. Boundaries
Definition: Vertical lines that establish the limit of each state’s jurisdiction and authority
• Claims and boundaries are
– Subsoil Resource disputes
– Airspace extends into airline traffic (satellites next?)
The Evolution of Boundaries
•
•
•
Definition: the official establishment or documentation of a boundary
– Treaty
– Legal document
– Example: 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement
Delimitation:
– Definition:
Demarcation:
– Definition:
Boundary Types
1. Natural (physical):
–
Mountains, rivers, and lakes
–
Can cause disputes
2. Law of the Sea
A.
• 12 Nautical miles
B.
• 12 Nautical miles
C.
• 200 Nautical Miles
3. Geometric (Artificial):
49th parallel United States & Canada
Africa, Asia, Americas
4. Cultural:
India and Pakistan
Boundary Origins
1. Antecedent:
United States & Canada
• Example
2. Subsequent:
2 types:
•
•
• Example
3. Consequent (ethnographic):
–
N. Ireland and Ireland
• Example
4. Subsequent Superimposed Boundaries:
–
–
Unconcerned about preexisting cultural patterns
Great Britain = India/Pakistan
• Example
5. Relict/relic Boundary:
–
Differences on each side of the border are still evident
• Example
Definitional/Positional Boundary Disputes
 Focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement
• A boundary agreement may base a boundary on a landmark that has moved or no longer
visible
• Why is the border between Argentina and Chile and example of this? (Research
Tonight)
A. Locational Boundary Disputes:
Tennessee vs. Georgia border dispute
B. Operational/Functional Disputes:
Immigration
C. Allocation/Resource Disputes:
Examples:
D. Territorial Disputes:
•
•
Irredentism
Definition:
Germany, Somalia, Kashmir
Capitals
•
•
•
•
•
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Typically are centrally located to allow for equal access
Many capitals have become distant to many areas due to growth: Washington D.C.
Some capitals have been relocated to make the more accessible
Usually located in the core area and frequently the focus of it
Capital cities are also frequently the largest or the
Primate City:
Forward-Thrust capital City:
•
•
•
Brazil relocated its capital from Rio de Janeiro to a new city called Brasilia
Nigeria – Abuja
Kazakhstan – Astana
Gerrymandering on Monday