Your Majestic Pump:
The Human Heart
APL3
Cardiovascular system

Composed of:
– Heart
– Blood vessels ( arteries, veins, capillaries)

Vital for circulation: circulating oxygen to
body and toxins (wastes) out
Cardiac Output (Performance)

Stroke volume: 80ml at rest

Heart Rate: 70 bpm at rest; 180 during
exercise
Cardiac Output: SV * HR = 5600 ml/min
 Total blood volume is approx 5-6 liters.
Your heart pumps almost entire volume of
blood throughout body in 1 minute!

Your incredible engine!

How much gas would
the average car pump
in its life?
Blood pumped in 70
years:
 206 million liters, or
50 million gallons


Most efficient engine
ever made
Typical hybrid car
(60mpg)
 New cars (26.5 mpg)

Coverings of the Heart

Double layered
Pericardium
– Visceral: inner, delicate
lining on surface of heart
– Parietal: outer, tough sac
fitting loosely around
heart
Pericardial cavity: space
between 2 layers.
 Filled with fluid to
friction

Wall of heart: 3 Layers
Epicardium:
protective outer
membrane
 Myocardium:
middle, heart wall,
rich in blood

– Cardiac muscle

Endocardium: inner
lining of heart wall
– Purkinje fibers,
collagen, elastin,
BV’s
Heart chambers: Four

2 Atria: Thin walled
upper chambers
– Receive blood

2 ventricles: Thick
walled lower
chambers
– Pump blood out

R. & L. sides
separated by septum
One way blood flow: Valves

One set separates the
atria & ventricles

Tricuspid: (3 cusps)
Separates Right atria
and R. ventricle

Bicuspid: (2 cusps)
 Left atria & L.
ventricle

Valves cont’

Semilunar valves:
separate the
ventricles from the
exits of the heart

Pulmonary SL valve
separates R ventricle
from the pulmonary
artery

Aortic SL valve
separates L. ventricle
from the aorta