KNOWN AS PILGRIMS, THEY HAD
LEFT ENGLAND BECAUSE OF
RELIGIOUS CONFLICT.
YOU HAVE BEEN FORCED TO
LEAVE YOUR HOMES FOR A NEW
LAND ACROSS THE OCEAN- WHAT
KIND OF PROBLEMS WOULD HAVE
CONVINCED YOU TO MOVE?
Act of Supremacy in 1534 makes the monarch also the head of the
Church of England or Anglican Church.
The Pilgrims were called SEPERATISTS, so called because they
broke away from the Anglican Church. The Pilgrims were the most
radical of the PURITANS, protestants who wished to “purify” the
Anglican Church of all Catholic rituals and traditions.
MAYFLOWER
101 PASSENGERS AND 25 CREW MEN ABOARD THE MAYFLOWER
REACHED CAPE COD BAY IN NOVEMBER 1620. THEY WERE AT SEA FOR
ALMOST 9 WEEKS, ENDURING MANY VIOLENT STORMS.
Were supposed to land at the mouth of the Hudson River in at the
time Northern Virginia. History says they were blown off course, but
maybe went north so they didn’t have to abide by the laws of the
Virginia colony.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDr
aGAV44
MAYFLOWER COMPACTWHILE STILL ABOARD THE MAYFLOWER, 41 OF THE MALE PASSENGERS
SIGNED AN AGREEMENT TO HELP THEM GOVERN THEIR NEW COLONY.
THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT ESTABLISHED A PRECEDENT FOR
GOVERNMENTS BASED ON WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND THE CONSENT OF
THE GOVERNED.
THANKSGIVING
THE REAL FIRST THANKSGIVING
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17goYv_zFQ
U
THE GREAT MIGRATION- beginning in 1630, more than 40,000
people left England for the Americas. It is estimated that 10 to 20,000
Puritans landed in New England. Crop failures, economic depression
in the wool industry, the enclosure movement and King Charles I
forced many to look for a new life. Land was scarce, and the money
needed to purchase an acre of land in England would purchase several
hundred in America.
Puritans also believed in predestination- the chosen people.
General Court required parents to make sure their children learned how to
read.
1636 Harvard College was founded by the General Court, 1st college in North
America.
“Old Deluder Laws”- 1647 required individual towns to maintain schools.
Other colonies were slower to establish schools. In 1701, Yale University was
founded in Connecticut.
WOMEN AND FAMILIES
In contrast to Jamestown, Puritan men brought along their wives and
families. They considered orderly families to be essential to a stable society.
Women were expected to obey men- “ I am but a wife and therefore it is
sufficient for me to follow my husband.”
Women rarely worked in the fields- they made soap, yarn, butter, clothes
and cheese.
Families were often large- at least 6 children, usually 8 to 10. Food was
plentiful and the diseases that plagued Jamestown did not survive the NE
climate.
Colonist Mary Buell died at age 90 and had 336 living descendants.
COMMERCE
Although there were indentured servants and slaves, most fathers and sons
provided the labor needed. Because of the long winters and poor soil-not
much leftover to sell.
Fishing, trade and business flourished. They sold fish, grain, lumber, and
meat to Europe and the West Indies.
CONFLICT IN NEW ENGLAND
Thomas Hooker- his congregation left for more farmland, so they moved
southwest to the Connecticut Valley. In 1639, Hookers settlers adopted the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, widely considered the 1st written
constitution.
Roger Williams- a man who believed in strict separation of church and state was
banished by the Puritans. He purchased land from the Narragansett Indians
and founded a settlement in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1644 he obtained a
charter for the colony granting religious freedom to its inhabitants.
Attracted by the profitable fur trade, the Dutch West India Company established a
colony in 1624. New Netherland extended inland along the Hudson River Valley
and the town of New Amsterdam was founded on Manhattan Island. There was
little luck attracting Dutch settlers and by 1644 it was said that there were 18
different languages being spoken.
Most settlers believed that their leaders were weak and refused to defend the colony
when the English came in 1664, Peter Stuyvesant surrendered. New Amsterdam
was renamed New York and became an English colony.
Proprietary Colony- a colony granted by a king or queen to an individual or group
who had full governing rights.
Duke of York (James II) granted lands
to two English Nobleman- Sir George
Carteret and Lord Berkeley.
Named after the Island of Jersey in the
English Channel.
Carteret 1st governor
Elizabethtown- 1st capital of the colony
West Jersey and East Jersey
WAYTON’S FACTS OF NJ
NJ DIVIDED INTO 2 COLONIES
WEST JERSEY CAPITAL WAS BURLINGTON
EAST JERSEY CAPITAL PERTH AMBOY
1ST QUAKER SETTLEMENT BURLINGTON 1637
LORD CORNBURY- GOVERNOR OF NJ
Delaware- 1638 settlers from Sweden started a permanent colony. Captured
by the English and turned over to William Penn in 1682.
“Penn’s Woods” was Pennsylvania- it was a “Holy Experiment” but he
wanted his colonists to practice religious toleration.
Settlers were the Quakers-members of a protestant group that suffered
religious persecution in England. Quakers believed that all people should be
treated equally, not only in church but in government and society.
It was a Haven- or safe place for people of every faith. Other groups invaded
Pennsylvania like the Irish, Scots, Swiss Mennonites and the Germans. So
many Germans settled in the colony they became known as the Pennsylvania
Dutch.
Virginia was a thriving colony with a population over 10,000 people.
Tobacco fueled the economy and the promise of huge profits led more
people to the colony.
George Calvert, Lord of Baltimore settled the land
surrounding the Chesapeake Bay. His son Cecilius
Calvert, took over after his death and founded
Maryland (named after Charles I wife Henrietta
Maria in 1632)
Calvert wanted to create a safe haven for Catholics who faced persecution
in England. He also hoped to make money. Due to the lack of Catholic
immigration, Maryland was opened to protestants as well and in 1649 the
Maryland assembly passed the Toleration Act granting religious freedom.
75% of indentured servants who came to
the Chesapeake region were boys between
the ages of 15 and 24.
High death rates affected the population.
Typhoid and malaria were prevalent.
Some 40% of immigrants died within the
1st 2 years of their arrival. Life expectancy
slowly improved as native-born colonists,
who had better immunity, increased in
numbers.
Family life was unlike that in New
England. Half of all marriages ended
within 7 years with the death of a partner.
Many remarried-creating stepparents,
stepsiblings and children.
Rural society- scattered farms and
plantations.
The fact that farmers did not bring their
crops to a central market hindered the
growth of towns.
This affected schooling and as a result,
education was left to the families- a key
difference from the NE colonies.
1663 King Charles II granted land between Virginia and Spanish Florida.
The colony was named Carolina- Latin form of the name Charles. Later the
colony was split into North and South.
Many settlers from the Chesapeake region established small farms in North
Carolina. South Carolina’s 1st colonists were from the Barbados. They
raised cattle, cut timber and traded with the natives. The settlers tried to
grow rice and failed. Enslaved Africans from rice-growing regions in Africa
gave the settlers the knowledge they needed. The swampy coastal region
was transformed into profitable rice plantations.
Charles Town- present day Charleston attracted European Jews, Germans,
Scots, Scot-Irish, Huguenots and West Indians.
Demand for plantation workers was so great that by 1720, 2/3 of the population
were slaves. On large rice plantations slaves had little to no contact with white
colonists. As a result, slaves in this region retained many African traditions.
Georgia- established in 1733 by James Oglethorpe. It was a social
experiment, a fresh start for the English poor. We hope this colony will
“carry off the poor that pester the streets of London.”
Colony attracted very few because of its strict prohibitions on rum and
slavery. Settlers complained that without slaves it could not survive. 1750
slavery was allowed.