MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Complete!
Second Edition
CHAPTER
6
The Skeletal and
Muscular Systems
Multimedia Directory
Slide 23
Slide 25
Slide 39
Slide 41
Slide 47
Slide 58
Slide 74
Muscle Atrophy Video
Muscular Dystrophy Video
Arthritis Video
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video
Bone Healing Animation
Osteoporosis Video
Arthroscopy Video
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
Bruce Wingerd
Learning Objectives
• Define and spell the word parts used to
create medical terms for the skeletal
and muscular systems.
• Break down and define common
medical terms used for symptoms,
diseases, disorders, procedures,
treatments, and devices associated
with the skeletal and muscular
systems.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Learning Objectives (cont.)
• Build medical terms from word parts
associated with the skeletal and
muscular systems.
• Pronounce and spell common medical
terms associated with the skeletal and
muscular systems.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
Bruce Wingerd
The Skeletal and Muscular
Systems
• Are combined to form the
musculoskeletal system
• Work hand in hand to support the body
and produce body movement
• Are subject to injury and inherited
disorders, as well as diseases
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Figure 6.1
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Parts of a bone
Anatomy and Physiology:
Word Parts
•
•
•
•
arthr/o, articul/o
burs/o
carp/o
chondr/o
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Anatomy and Physiology:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
condyl/o
cost/o
cran/o, crani/o
fasci/o
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Anatomy and Physiology:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
femor/o
fibr/o
fibul/o
ili/o
ischi/o
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Anatomy and Physiology:
Word Parts (cont.)
• menisc/o
• muscul/o
• my/o, myos/o
• myel/o
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Anatomy and Physiology:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
orth/o
ost/o, oste/o
pariet/o
patell/o
ped/o
petr/o
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Anatomy and Physiology:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
phalang/o
phys/o
pub/o
radi/o
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Anatomy and Physiology:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
sacr/o
skelet/o
spondyl/o
stern/o
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Anatomy and Physiology:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
synov/o, synovi/o
tars/o
ten/o, tendon/o
vertebr/o
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Anatomy
• Musculoskeletal system
 Muscles
 Bones
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Figure 6.2
The bones of the skeleton. The skeleton, anterior view.
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Figure 6.3
The major muscles of the human body, anterior side.
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Pathophysiology Terms
• Orthopedics
• Orthopedist
Source: vectomart / Shutterstock.com
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Signs and Symptoms:
Word Parts
•
•
•
•
abradydyshyper-
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Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
arthr/o
kinesi/o
my/o
tax/o
ten/o
troph/o
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Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
-a
-algia, -dynia
-ia
-y
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Audio Pronunciations
•
•
•
•
•
Arthralgia
Ataxia
Atrophy
Bradykinesia
Decalcification
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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a- = without
troph/o = development
-y = process of
Muscle Atrophy Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of muscle atrophy.
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
Dyskinesia
Dystrophy
Hypertrophy
Myalgia
Tenodynia
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Muscular Dystrophy Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of muscular dystrophy.
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Diseases and Disorders:
Word Parts
•
•
•
•
•
aepiparapolyquadri-
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Diseases and Disorders:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
ankyl/o
arthr/o
burs/o
carcin/o
carp/o
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Diseases and Disorders:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
chondr/o
condyl/o
fibr/o
kyph/o
leuk/o
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Diseases and Disorders:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
lith/o
lord/o
menisc/o
myel/o
• my/o, myos/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Diseases and Disorders:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
ost/o, oste/o
por/o
sarc/o
scoli/o
spondyl/o
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Diseases and Disorders:
Word Parts (cont.)
• synov/o, synovi/o
• ten/o, tendon/o
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Diseases and Disorders:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
-algia
-asthenia
-cele
-emia
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Diseases and Disorders:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
-genesis
-itis
-malacia
-oma
-osis
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Diseases and Disorders: Word
Parts (cont.)
• -plasia
• -plegia
• -ptosis
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Audio Pronunciations
• Achondroplasia
• Ankylosis
a- = without
chrondr/o = cartilage
-plasia = formation
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Figure 6.4 Achondroplasia
Source: itanistock/Alamy
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Arthritis
 Osteoarthritis
 Rheumatoid arthritis
• Inflammation
Source: painless/Fotolia
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Figure 6.5B
Progressive changes of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Arthritis Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of arthritis.
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
Arthrochondritis
Bunion
Bursitis
Bursolith
Carpal tunnel syndrome
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
carp/o = wrist
Carpoptosis
-ptosis = drooping
Cramps
Degenerative joint disease (DJD)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Epicondylitis
• Fibromyalgia syndrome
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Fractures
• Fracture




Colles’
Comminuted
Compression
Displaced
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Fractures (cont.)
• Fracture





Epiphyseal
Greenstick
Nondisplaced
Pott’s
Spiral
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Figure 6.6
Common bone fractures
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Bone Healing Animation
Click here to view an animation on the topic of bone healing.
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Gout
• Herniated disk
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Figure 6.7
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Gout
Figure 6.8
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Herniated disk
Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Kyphosis
• Lordosis
• Scoliosis
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Figure 6.9
Spinal disfigurements
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
Marfan’s syndrome
Meniscitis
Myasthenia gravis
Myeloma
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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menisc/o = meniscus
-itis = inflammation
Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
Myocele
Myositis
Osteitis
Osteitis deformans
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
Osteosarcoma
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteomalacia
Osteomyelitis
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oste/o = bone
-malacia = softening
Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
Osteoporosis
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Polymyositis
Rickets
poly- = many
myos/o = muscle
-itis = inflammation
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Figure 6.10
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis Video
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
Rotator cuff injury
Spinal cord injury
Spondylarthritis
Sprain
Strain
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Figure 6.11
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Sprain
Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease
• Tendonitis
• Tenosynovitis
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Treatments, Procedures, Devices:
Word Parts
•
•
•
•
•
arthr/o
burs/o
chondr/o
cost/o
crani/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Treatments, Procedures, Devices:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
electr/o
fasci/o
lamin/o
my/o
orth/o
ost/o, oste/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Treatments, Procedures, Devices:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
spondyl/o
syn/o
ten/o
vertebr/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Treatments, Procedures, Devices:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
-centesis
-clasia, -clasis
-desis
-ectomy
-gram
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Treatments, Procedures, Devices:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
-graphy
-iatry
-ist
-lysis
-pathy
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Treatments, Procedures, Devices:
Word Parts (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
-plasty
-rrhaphy
-scope
-scopy
-tic
-tomy
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Audio Pronunciations
• Arthrocentesis
• Arthroclasia
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Figure 6.12
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Arthrocentesis
Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Arthrodesis
• Arthrogram
• Arthrolysis
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arthr/o = joint
-desis = surgical
fixation
Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
Arthroplasty
Arthroscope
Arthroscopy
Arthrotomy
Arthroscopy
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Arthroscopy
Source: piotrwzk / Shutterstock.com
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Figure 6.13
Arthroscopic surgery
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Arthroscopy Video
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
Bursectomy
Chiropractic
Chiropractor
Chondrectomy
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chrondr/o = cartilage
-ectomy = excision
Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
Chondroplasty
Costectomy
Cranioplasty
Craniotomy
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
Diskectomy
Spinal fusion
Spondylosyndesis
Laminectomy
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Electromyography
• Fasciotomy
electr/o = electricity
my/o = muscle
-graphy = recording
process
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Fracture reduction
 Closed reduction
 Open reduction
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Fracture reduction




Internal fixation
External fixation
Bone grafting
Electrical bone stimulation
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Internal fixation
Source: © Sphotography/ Dreamstime.com
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External ring fixation technique in orthopedic medicine
sima / Shutterstock.com
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Myoplasty
• Myorrhaphy
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Orthotics
• Orthotist
• Prosthesis
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Ostectomy
• Osteoclasis
• Osteopathy
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Osteoplasty
• Podiatry
• Tenomyoplasty
ten/o = tendon
my/o = muscle
-plasty = surgical
repair
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)
• Tenorrhaphy
• Tenotomy
• Vertebroplasty
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Abbreviations
•
•
•
•
•
•
ACL
CTS
DJD
DMD
DO
EMG
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Abbreviations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
HNP
MG
NSAIDs
OA
ortho
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Abbreviations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
RA
ROM
SCI
THR
TKA
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Abbreviations (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
TKR
TMJ
C1 through C7
T1 through T12
L1 through L5
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Combining Form Quiz
1. cost/o
2. orth/o
3. arthr/o
4. kyph/o
5. scoli/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
straight
curved
rib
hump
joint