United Nations
• In 2004 the world has 192 independent, sovereign
nations categorized as such under the umbrella of
UN.
• Of these only a few are really populous: countries
like China, India (over a billion each); USA and
Indonesia (over 200 million each); Brazil, Pakistan,
Russian Federation, Nigeria, Japan and Mexico
(100-200 population million); eleven have between
50-100 million (Germany, France, UK, Italy,
Vietnam, Philippine, Thailand, Ethiopia, Iran, Egypt
and DPR Congo).
3/24/2016
1
World Most Populous
Country
2008 population
2050
Population (E)
World
6,676,120,288
9.084(billion)
China
1,330,044,605
1.470(billion)
India
1,147,995,898
1.619(billion)
USA
303,824,646
403(million)
Indonesia
237,512,355
337 (million)
Brazil
191,908,598
206(million)
Pakistan
167,762,040
267(million)
Bangladesh
153,546,901
205(million)
Russia
Nigeria
Japan
Top ten Countries
3/24/2016
Rest of the world
140,702,09
138,283,240
127,288,419
3,938,868,796
2,737,251,492
118(million)
205(million)
101(million)
5.034 (b)
4.049 (b)
2
3/24/2016
3
Societies
• First Wave Agrarian
• Second wave –
Industrial
• Third wave –
Post Industrial,
Knowledge based
(Alvin Toffler- Third Wave)
• Almost all countries are multi-wave
3/24/2016
4
Transition from Agrarian to Industrial to
post-industrial knowledge economy
Technology
Economy
Society
Stone, bone tools
Primitive
communist
Hunters&
gatherers
Primitive
communist
Hoe, metal tools
Rural –
community
basedagrarian/artisa
n/handicrafts
Urban city
based
industrial
Rural –
community
based
Kings
(absolutism)
Joint
(family,
clan, tribe)
Urban city
based
democracy
(Liberal,
social)
nuclear
Machines
3/24/2016
Pol. System
Family
Joint
(family,
clan)
5
Composition of GDP and R&D/GDP ratio for selected
countries, by sector: 2006 or most recent year
3/24/2016
6
Population, total births, and years lived
(10,000BC-1990)
Demograp
hic Index
10,000BC
0
1750
1950
1990
Population 6
(million)
252
771
2530
5292
Annual
0.008
growth (%)
--------------Doubling
8369
time
(years)
0.037
0.064
0.596
1.845
1854
1083
116
38
Births
(billions)
33.6
22.64
10.42
4.79
22
27
35
55
9.29
Life
20
Expectancy
3/24/2016
3/24/2016
8
Diversity Of Beliefs
• Christianity: 2.1 billion, Islam: 1.5
billion,Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist: 1.1 billion
Hinduism: 900 million, Chinese traditional religion: 394
million, Buddhism: 376 million, primal-indigenous: 300
million, African Traditional & Diasporic: 100 million,
Sikhism: 23 million, Juche: 19 million, Spiritism: 15 million,
Judaism: 14 million, Baha'i: 7 million, Jainism: 4.2 million,
Shinto: 4 million, Cao Dai: 4 million,, Zoroastrianism: 2.6
million, Tenrikyo: 2 million, Neo-Paganism: 1 million ,
Unitarian-Universalism: 800 thousand ,Rastafarianism: 600
thousand , Scientology: 500 thousand,
3/24/2016
9
Religions
3/24/2016
10
Diversity of Spoken Languages
Americas
949
Asia
2,034
Africa
1995
Pacific
1341
Europe
209
3/24/2016
11
Global Food Production



The world’s farmers reaped a record 2.316 billion tons of grain in
2007. Despite this jump of 95 million tons, or about 4 percent, over
the previous year, commodity analysts estimate that voracious global
demand will consume all of this increase and prevent governments
from replenishing cereal stocks that are at their lowest level in 30
years.
The global grain harvest has nearly tripled since 1961, during a time
when world population doubled.3 As a result, the amount of grain
produced per person grew from 285 kilograms in 1961 to a peak of
376 kilograms in 1986. In recent decades, as the growth in grain
production has matched population growth, per capita production
has hovered around 350 kilograms.
China, India, and the United States alone account for 46 percent of
global grain production; Europe, including the former Soviet states,
grows another 21 percent.
3/24/2016
3/24/2016
1212
3/24/2016
3/24/2016
13
13
3/24/2016
3/24/2016
14
14
Fossil Fuels



World coal consumption reached a record
3,090 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in
2006
Global oil consumption reached 3.9 billion
tons in 2006.
Global passenger car production in 2007 rose
to 52.1 million units from 49.1 million the
previous year. In addition, production of "light
trucks" ran to 18.9 million, up from 17.9
million in 2006, for a combined total of 74.1
million.
3/24/2016
3/24/2016
15
15
Global vehicle Production 2007

Global passenger car production in 2007 rose to 52.1
million units from 49.1 million the previous year. In
addition, production of "light trucks" ran to 18.9 million,
up from 17.9 million in 2006, for a combined total of 74.1
million. Global Insight projects 2008 total production to
reach 75.8 million. Including unused production capacity,
the world's auto companies are capable of churning out
some 84 million vehicles per year.
PricewaterhouseCoopers projects that by 2015 worldwide
capacity to grow to 97 million units. The world's fleet of
passenger vehicles is now an estimated 622 million, up
from 500 million in 2000 and a mere 53 million in 1950.
3/24/2016
16
16
How the Present World Came About
 In 1913, 83% of the globe was
under the colonial control.

Dominant Power: Britain
Rising powers: Germany, USA,
Japan

The 1917 Russian Revolution: First
challenge to Capitalism
3/24/2016
17
th
18
•
•
•
•
Century :Turning Point - Birth of the Modern
Industrial Revolution 1760s
New Source of Energy- mineral coal
New Technology- Steam Engine, Spinning jenny,
New material-steel
• New way of thinking- Rationalism, Empiricism, Pragmatism
• Colonization of the old world: East India Company
starts its colonization drive in South Asia, takes over
Bengal in 1757
• Trading companies from Holland, France, Spain & Portugal
• USA declares independence 1783, French
Revolution 1789- Rights, Citizen, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
3/24/2016
18
th
19
Century
• The Industrial Revolution and its spread to Europe
and North America
• Rise of the nation State (Germany, Italy)
• Decline of the Ottoman Empire
• Rise of New Sciences & Social Sciences
• New Technologies: steam engine, steel, wireless,
telegraph, telephone, internal combustion engine,
electricity, electrical, chemical and automotive
industries
• The First wave of globalization: scramble for
colonies (1870-1913)
3/24/2016
19
Rise of the Bourgeoisie
• Social Transformation of Europe and
North America,
• Nation states (Germany, Italy )
• Spread of Representative Governments
• Two models of capitalist development:
Statist (France, Germany and most
Western Europe); Anglo-Saxon (UK &
USA) Minimum state intervention in
economy
3/24/2016
20
Rise of the Capitalist Powers
& The Evolution of the Developmental State
• Merchant Capital
• Venice + Genoa=16th C
• Holland – 17th – 18th Century
• Industrial Capital
• 19th Century -Britain later joined by France,
Germany, USA
• 20th Century- USSR, Japan
• Mid-20th C – China, Korea, Singapore
3/24/2016
21