WLTP-10-36e
B. Coleman
“Laws are like sausages. It's better not to see
them being made.”
― Otto von Bismarck
1. Definitions which appear in both gtr 15 and VPSD
(but with differences)
2
Auxiliaries or auxiliary devices (one term should be chosen)
3
Current definition in gtr 15:
means additional equipment and/or devices not required for vehicle
operation.
Current definition in VPSD:
are not part of the powertrain and are energy consuming or supplying
devices which are installed in the vehicle for other purposes than the
propulsion of the vehicle.
Proposal:
“Auxiliaries” or “auxiliary devices” * means energy consuming or supplying
devices or systems which are installed in the vehicle for purposes other than
the propulsion of the vehicle and are therefore not considered to be part of
the powertrain.
* I believe we should choose one term for each from the two proposed but be consistent.
Justification:
clarity
Electric machine (EM)
4
Current definition in gtr 15:
means an energy converter transforming electric energy into mechanical
energy or vice versa.
Current definition in VPSD:
means a propulsion energy converter transforming between electrical and
mechanical energy.
Proposal:
means an energy converter transforming between electrical and mechanical
energy.
Justification:
4 related definitions have subtle wording differences (see next slide)
Electric machine, motor, generator and motor-generator
Current definitions in VPSD:
1.2.2. “Electric machine” means a propulsion energy converter
transforming between electrical and mechanical energy.
1.2.2.1.“Electric motor” means an electric machine transforming electrical
energy (input) into mechanical energy (output).
1.2.2.2 “Electric generator” means an electric machine transforming
mechanical energy (input) into electrical energy (output).
1.2.2.3."Electric motor-generator" means an electric machine transforming
electric energy into mechanical energy and vice versa.
1.2.2. is a technical definition whereby the three sub-definitions are use
cases.
Is there a need to improve the clarity of this differentiation?
5
Energy converter
Current definition in gtr 15: (already discussed proposal in red)
means the part of the powertrain where the form of energy input is
different from the form of energy output.
Current definition in VPSD:
means a system where the form of energy output is different from the form
of energy input.
Proposal:
Adopt VPSD definition
Justification:
For consistency, reference to powertrain seems unnecessary (see next
slide).
If adopted the drafting coordinator (or group) would have to perform a
relatively simple contextual check.
6
Energy converter etc.
7
In GRPE 70, there were intense discussions regarding the concept of differentiating between e.g.
energy converters and propulsion energy converters (the same applies to energy storage systems
etc.).
The possible solution that has been discussed to date is to include the word “powertrain” or
“propulsion” in the term of the definition. This brings clarity but the administrative task of inserting
the word every time the defined term is referred to but results in defining the generic term of the
hierarchy as being “powertrain” or “propulsion”, e.g. “propulsion energy converter”. This reduces
the administrative burden but results in a system where an internal combustion engine is only an
internal combustion engine if it is used for propulsion. This surely cannot be the correct solution.
The wording “unless otherwise categorised” was proposed but this is not included in the document
for GRPE 71 and no alternative appears to be proposed.
A potential solution would be to define terms “correctly”, i.e. an engine is an engine. For
Regulations which do not differentiate between devices for propulsion and not for propulsion, no
further action would be required. Regulations requiring this differentiation could include a statement
depending on their context:
For Regulations where no differentiation is needed (e.g. where emissions from all engines are
controlled, independent from their purpose), no statement is needed.
For Regulations where it is necessary to exclude some devices and systems - “In general,
references in this document to energy converters and energy storage systems shall be taken as
referring to those energy converters and energy storage systems which are part of the powertrain.
Exceptions to this, e.g. auxiliaries, will be clearly identified”
Energy storage system
Current definition in gtr 15: (already discussed proposal in red)
means the part of the powertrain on board a vehicle that can store energy
and release it in the same form as it was input
Current definition in VPSD:
means a system which stores energy and releases it in the same form as
was put in.
Proposal:
Adopt VPSD definition
Justification:
For consistency, reference to powertrain seems unnecessary (see previous
slide).
If adopted the drafting coordinator (or group) would have to perform a
relatively simple contextual check.
8
Hybrid electric vehicle
Current definition in gtr 15: (already discussed proposal in red)
means a hybrid vehicle where one of the energy converters is an electric
machine.
Current definition in VPSD:
means a hybrid vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least one
electric motor or electric motor-generator and at least one internal
combustion engine as propulsion energy converter.
Proposal:
Adopt VPSD definition after deletion of the word “propulsion”
Justification:
I preferred my proposal in WLTP but this was rejected by VPSD
9
Hybrid vehicle
10
Current definition in gtr 15:
means a vehicle with a powertrain containing at least two different types of
energy converters and two different types of energy storage systems.
Current definition in VPSD:
means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least two different
categories of propulsion energy converters and at least two different
categories of propulsion energy storage systems.
Proposal:
Adopt VPSD definition after deletion of the word “propulsion” (twice)
Justification:
Brings clarity when the definitions of categories are included (see section 2)
Pure electric vehicle
11
Current definition in gtr 15:
means a vehicle where all energy converters used for propulsion are electric
machines and no other energy converter contributes to the generation of
energy to be used for vehicle propulsion.
Current definition in VPSD:
means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively electric
machines as propulsion energy converters and exclusively rechargeable
electric energy storage systems as propulsion energy storage systems.
Proposal:
Adopt VPSD definition after deletion of the word “propulsion” (twice)
Justification:
Consistency of definitions
2. Definitions which should be carried over to gtr 15
from VPSD
12
Category of energy converter
13
Current definition in gtr 15:
None.
Current definition in VPSD:
means (i) an internal combustion engine, or (ii) an electric machine, or (iii) a
fuel cell.
Proposal:
Adopt VPSD definition
Justification:
Clarifies hybrid definitions
Category of energy storage system
Current definition in gtr 15:
None.
Current definition in VPSD:
means (i) a fuel storage system, or (ii) a rechargeable electric energy
storage system, or (iii) a rechargeable mechanical energy storage system.
Proposal:
Adopt VPSD definition
Justification:
Clarifies hybrid definitions
14
Powertrain
15
Current definition in VPSD:
means the total combination in a vehicle, of propulsion energy storage
system(s), propulsion energy converter(s), the drivetrain(s), including
peripheral devices and excluding auxiliaries, providing the mechanical
energy at the wheels for the purpose of vehicle propulsion.
Definition proposed to VPSD:
means the total combination in a vehicle, of energy storage system(s),
energy converter(s), the drivetrain(s), and peripheral devices, which directly
or indirectly provide the mechanical energy at the wheels for the purpose of
vehicle propulsion.
Proposal:
Adopt definition proposed to VPSD.
Justification:
Clarifies hybrid definitions
Peripherals or peripheral devices (one term should be chosen)
16
Current definition in VPSD:
are energy consuming or supplying devices, where the energy is not
primarily used for the purpose of vehicle propulsion, or other parts, systems
and control units, which are part of the powertrain.
Definition proposed to VPSD:
means energy consuming, converting, storing or supplying ** devices or
systems which are essential to the operation of the powertrain but where the
energy is neither directly nor indirectly used for the purpose of vehicle
propulsion.
** We should also strive for consistency with terminology of e.g. “energy storage
devices”
Proposal:
Adopt definition proposed to VPSD.
Justification: