Properties of Matter are either…
• Extensive  depend on the amount of
matter present (such as mass, volume,
and the amount of energy of a
substance)
OR
• Intensive  do not depend on the
amount of matter present (such as
melting point, boiling point, or density)
Properties of Matter
• Physical Properties
Characteristics of matter
that can be observed or
measured without changing
the identity of the substance.
• Chemical Properties
Property that relates to
a substance’s ability to
undergo changes that
transform it into
different substances.
Density
• A physical property of matter that can be
used to identify a substance.
• Density = mass
volume
Mass is the amount
of matter
in an object (g or kg,
etc.)
Volume is the amount
of space occupied
by an object. (mL or
cm3, etc.)
Example Problems: Write the
problem, the solve…
• What is the density of a metal that has a mass of
72.5 g and a volume of 14.5 cm3?
• A block has dimensions of 0.33 m x 465 mm x 6.8
dm and a mass of 539 kg. What is its density in
g/cm3?
• How many cubic centimeters are occupied by
85.0 g of Zn if the density is 7.14 g/cm3?
• The density of a solution is 1.27 g/mL.
What is the mass of the 536 mL solution?
States of Matter
• The state of matter is a physical property.
• There are four states of matter:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
• Solids have a
definite shape
and volume
• Particles are
packed tightly
together in a
fixed position
• Liquids have a
definite volume but
no definite shape
• Particles move more
rapidly than in a solid
and can move past
one another
• Gases have no
definite shape or
volume
• Particles move more
rapidly than in a
solid and liquid, and
can move past one
another easily
Plasma is a high temperature
state of matter in which atoms
lose electrons.
--Electrically charged gas like substance
Most common
state of matter in
the universe!!
Where at?
--Sun
--Stars
--Lightening
--Plasma TVs…
Changes in Matter
• Physical Changes
– Change of a substance
that does not involve a
change a substance’s
identity
Tearing
• Chemical Changes
– Changes in which one or
more substances in
converted into a different
substance (reacting,
burning…)
• There are six phase changes or state
changes that occur. All are physical changes
in matter:
Sublimation
Evaporation
Vaporization
Melting
Freezing
Condensation
• Vaporization
• Melting is the
“boiling” is the
changing of a
changing of a liquid
solid into a
into a gas at the
liquid
boiling point.
• Ex. Water boiling at
100 degrees Celsius
• Sublimation is • Evaporation is the
changing of a liquid
when a solid
into a gas below a
changes into a
substance’s boiling
gas without
point.
going through
•
Ex.
Water
the liquid state.
evaporating in the
• Ex. Dry ice
sun at 75 degrees
Celsius
Freezing is the
changing of a
liquid into a
solid.
Condensation
is the changing
of a gas into a
liquid.
Phase Diagrams
Phase diagrams can be
used to show the
conditions under which the
phases of a substance
exist.
Points on Phase Diagrams
Critical Point- indicates the critical temperature
and critical pressure
Critical temperature- the temp. above which the
substance can not exist in the liquid state
Critical pressure- the lowest pressure at which
the substance can exist as a liquid at the critical
temp.
Triple point- indicates the temp. and pressure
conditions at which solid, liquid, and gas of the
substance can coexist at equilibrium
Chemical Changes
…are changes in which
one or more substances
are converted into
different substances
Chemical Reactions
• Chemical reactions
are used to
represent a
chemical change.
Ex.
• 2Na + Cl2  2NaCl
(reactants are in
orange, product is
in blue)
• There are two
components of a
chemical reaction:
• Reactant - the
substance undergoing
change
• Product - the substance
formed by a chemical
change
Evidence of a Chemical
Change
• Production of a gas
• Formation of a precipitate - a
solid that falls out of solution
because it is insoluble
• Production or absorption of heat
• Emission of light
• Color change