Topic
Textbook Pages
Imperialism Introduction
Hawaii – More than just
pineapples
Spanish-American War
- Cuba and the
Philippines
- Puerto Rico
American – Philippine
War
Panama Canal
Missionary Diplomacy
and Mexico
364-366
366-367
370-374
375-376
377-378
383 - 384
385-387
Date Due (along with
Terms & Names)
Unit: Imperialism- Introduction
Chapter 10 - Section 1,2 Notes
Textbook 364-366
Define/Identify according to the reading the following terms in preparation for class
Imperialism:
Who was Admiral Alfred T. Mahan:
HOMEWORK STOP
Why did Americans warm to the idea of Imperialism?
1) ___________________________________ among industrial nations
2) ___________________ and _______________________ competition
3) Belief in the racial and cultural superiority of _________________ (English) descent as compared to
_____________________________
Who was Admiral Alfred T. Mahan and what was his argument?
*For a strong __________________ to _________________ the peacetime ___________________
essential to ___________________________
*Also needed _________________________________________________ where fleets could refuel
What was his 3 Part “Suggestion”?
a) ___________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________
c)____________________________________________________________
#3 (above) Ideological Motives - A desire to “civilize” non-Europeans also spurred the development of
imperialism
-
Belief US had a responsibility to spread
________________________________________________________________
But not every American was “onboard” with Imperialism
1) ______________________________________
3) ______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
2) ______________________________________
4) __________________________________________
______________________________________
__________________________________________
The White Man’s Burden and The Brown Man’s Burden – Reading and Questions
Class Discussion Notes:
Hawaii
Textbook 366-367
Define/Identify according to the reading the following people and their connection with Hawaii in preparation
for class
Sanford B. Dole:
Grover Cleveland:
William McKinley:
HOMEWORK STOP
Since 1790s, American merchants had stopped in Hawaii on way to China and East India
Why?
1.________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________
In mid 19th century – American-owned sugar plantations accounted for about ________ of the islands
wealth
Who benefited from close ties with US – ________________________!
1) Sale of Hawaiian sugar without a duty (def:_______________________)
2) White business leaders forced King Kalakaua to change Hawaii’s constitution to grant
voting rights only to ____________________________…so who did this basically give
control of Hawaii’s government to? _________________________________
3) US strong-armed Hawaii into allowing a naval base to be built
at__________________________
When King Kalakaua died in 1891, his sister Liliuokalani became queen
•
She proposed ____________________________________
*This would have restored political power to
_________________________________________
HOWEVER business groups and U.S. ambassador organized a ______________________ against the queen
Night of January 16th 1893, the U.S.S. Boston appeared in Honolulu harbor
American marines moved ashore (supposed mission 
________________________________________________________________________________________
At same time, volunteer troops took over government building and imprisoned the queen in her palace
And who became the president of this provisional (def:___________________________________________ )
government ? ___________________________________
The US ambassador immediately _________________________________the provisional government
-
sent commission to Washington D.C.
o Asked that the islands be annexed
 def: _____________________________________________________
o BUT after a special investigation, Stevens (Who was he? ________________________________)
was blamed for revolution
o President ________________________ restored Queen to her throne
NOT THAT SIMPLE… Dole ____________________________________________
So Cleveland (unwilling to use force) formally recognized the Republic of Hawaii BUT
he refused to consider annexation unless
_______________________________________________________
•
THEN ___________________________________
succeeded Cleveland as president
(_____________________ annexation)
•
Congress then proclaimed Hawaii an American territory without Hawaiians
_______________________________________________________________
Chapter 10 - Section 3,4,5 Notes
Interest in Cuba
Textbook Pages 370-372
Define/Identify according to the reading the following terms/people for class
Jose` Marti`:
Valeriano Weyler:
William Randolph Hearst:
Joseph Pulitzer:
Yellow Journalism:
Enrique Dupuy de Lome:
STOP HOMEWORK
During this period - Spain had control over Philippines, Guam, few outposts in Africa, Cuba and Puerto Rico
What does that have to do with America?
_________________________________ began investing $$$’s in large ______________________________
plantations
- Cuba’s economy depended on sugar & US becomes main market
However Native Cuban Anti-Spanish sentiment soon flared and erupted in war
________________________________ (Who was he?)
- launched a revolution (_____________________________  destroyed property)
ESPECIALLY American-owned sugar mills and plantations
*Called for ___________________________________________________________!
Why attack American-owned sugar mills and plantations?
-He had counted on _______________________________________________________________
Spain responded by sending General ___________________________ to restore order
-Believed regular military methods would not work against guerrilla tactics  moved the entire rural
population of central & western Cuba into _______________________ (died from hunger and disease)
How does this affect Americans? Weyler’s actions fueled a war between
____________________________________________________
_____________________________ 
 __________________________________
How do newspaper’s war?
BY PRINTING ______________________________________ OF
“BUTCHER” WEYLER’S BRUTALITY
-Poisoned wells; children being thrown to sharks
What did this do? deepened ______________________________________________________
Legitimate reports of Cuban suffering mixed with sensationalized stories became known as
______________________________________
Spain wasn’t going to just sit back and do nothing…
restricted US reporters (no combat areas)
*Some correspondents claimed they were ___________________________________with rebels
*Others gathered in Havana's (capital) bars and _______________________ battle stories
Hearst even sent an artist to Cuba to illustrate stories
When Frederic Remington (artist) reported unlikely war between US and Spain, Hearst reportedly
replied “____________________________________________________________________”
Many Americans sympathized with Cuban rebels  demanded _________________________________
President McKinley preferred to avoid war – tried diplomatic means with Spain to resolve the crisis
1) Spain recalled ________________________
2) _________________________ concentration camp policies
3) Offered Cuba __________________________________
HOWEVER, in Feb 1898 - NEW YORK JOURNAL published a private letter written by Enrique Dupuy de Lome
- How was it obtained? A Cuban rebel stole the letter from Havana post office - leaked it to newspaper
-What did it say? Criticized President McKinley for being ___________________________________________
-Some Americans agreed with letter BUT resented criticism of their President
A few days after publication of letter  resentment towards Spain turned to OUTRAGE - Why?
McKinley had sent ______________________ to Cuba to protect American lives and property (riots in Havana)
On Feb 15 an explosion sent the ship’s ammo up in flames and it ___________________ Causalities – ______
American officers and crew died
HOWEVER – Who did journalists hold responsible? ________________________
EXPLOSION OF THE U.S.S. MAINE – WHICH ACCOUNT MORE BELIEVABLE? Reading and Chart
After Discussion:
Think about It? Does this difference in accounts matter? Why or why not?
“___________________________________” was the battle cry now
War Breaks Out
Textbook Pages 372 - 374
Define/Identify according to the reading the following terms for class
George Dewey:
Rough Riders:
STOP HOMEWORK
Public opinion wanted _________________ (even though Spain had agreed to some concessions)
April – McKinley asked Congress for authority _________________________________ against Spain in order
to ____________________________________ – agreed after debate SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
#1 – ______________________________________ of Cuba
#2 – American troops organized _______________________________ (small # ; largely inexperienced)
#3 – Plans for the use of ____________over troops – Why? The Philippines and Dewey’s victory!
•
T. Roosevelt ordered Pacific fleet (George Dewey) to sail for Philippines in case war broke out –
•
Why there? ____________________________________________________
•
US Navy launched surprise attack and destroyed Spanish fleet - U.S. soldiers fight with Filipino
rebels against Spain
•
After defeating Spain however, the U.S. fails to grant the Philippines
___________________________________after the war (leaning towards annexation)
•
Filipinos, unhappy that they were under the control of yet another colonial ruler__________
(U.S.-Filipino fighting breaks out and continues for years) *see more later
Back to the Battle for Cuba – Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders Reading and Questions
On Dec 10 1898, US and Spain agreed to Treaty of Paris (4 month War) –
A ____________________________________________
1) Cuba would become ______________________________
2) Spain would give _______________________________________________ to US
3) US would pay Spain ______________________________ for annexation of the Philippine islands
BUT this treaty touched off great debate in the US…
1) Misunderstanding among some – US ___________________________________________ Filipinos
2) Political – violated ___________________________________________________ by denying selfgovernment to newly acquired territories
3) _____________________ - need to solve race-relations at home first BEFORE taking on social problems
elsewhere
4) Self-serving - __________________________________ would compete with Americans for jobs
But it wasn’t over – Puerto Rico and Cuba
1) Some Puerto Ricans (which Spain gave to US in the treaty) wanted ___________________________
– US gave them no promises – Why?
- American officers doubted that Puerto Ricans could
____________________________________________ [set up military government]
-Many at first welcomed US intervention (improvement over Spain)
- Some campaigned to end military government (Yankee-peril) and requested US
citizenship and full local self-government – statehood OR complete
independence
- BUT US had different agenda
1) ____________________________________________
2) ____________________________________________
*US denied citizenship to Puerto Ricans and President appointed their Governor and members of Upper House of Legislation (Puerto Ricans could
only elect Lower House members) AND US Constitution did not automatically apply to people in acquired territories
In Cuba, Jose’ Marti’ (Who was he?_______________________________) had
feared this earlier  ______ would just replace ______________ and dominate
Cuban politics
- Same officials (as under the Spanish-control) _____________________in office
- Cubans who protested were ___________________________________
However – American military government provided food and clothing, helped
farmers (land to cultivate), organized elementary schools , medical services
(eliminated yellow fever)
Cubans called to arms to defend their national honor
– US stood firm and Cubans (reluctantly) ratified
- Cuba becomes _______________________________________
def: a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a ______________________________
Why would US do this? _____________________________________________________________
- sugar, tobacco, mining, railroad, public utilities
*Political control of colonies was necessary in order to protect ____________________________
American troops did withdrawal but returned ____ times to intervene in Cuban Affairs
Established naval base at where? _________________________________________
But it wasn’t over – Philippines
Native Filipinos were intent on independence
- outraged about America’s annexation
- Rebel leaders (Emilio Aguinaldo) believed US had ____________________________________
- He proclaimed Philippines an independence republic and drafted a constitution (however
there were still a presence of America soldiers)
Tried guerilla tactics  US response … _______________________________________________
*Conditions _________________________________________________________________
??WEREN’T THESE THE SAME PRACTICES THE US CONDEMNED SPAIN FOR IN CUBA??
White soldiers looked down on skin color of Filipinos
- However, stationed there as well were ____________________ African-American soldiers
African-American newspapers questioned?
______________________________________________________________________ ?
*Some African- Americans soldiers ___________________________ to the Filipino side
The Philippine-American war lasted_____ years - squashed but at high cost - $400 million
(_____x’s what US paid for the islands)
Soldiers in the Philippines: Asking Why? Reading and Chart
WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THESE TERRITORIAL GAINS?
Prior to Spanish-American War, many Americans didn’t even know where Philippines were located
– Acquiring new lands forced Americans to expand their knowledge of distant lands
There were still those who continue to oppose Imperialism
Shall we go on conferring our Civilization upon the peoples that sit
in darkness, or shall we give those poor things a rest?...Extending
the Blessings of Civilization to- Mark
our Brother
who Sits in Darkness has
Twain
been a good trade and has paid well, on the whole; and there is
money in it yet…but not enough, in my judgment, to make any
considerable risk advisable.
Mark Twain’s quote - How would summarize the arguments of those who opposed American imperialism?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Section 5 America as a World Power
Textbook Pages 382-387
__________________________was assassinated in 1901 –
-
___________________________________ becomes President.
He was Assist. Sec.
of Navy and
became VP in 1900
when McKinley’s
former VP Garrett
Hobart died
By this time, US had achieved ______ out of 3 of the recommendations for
becoming a world power (according to ___________________________________)
Had a modern navy and naval bases in the Caribbean and Hawaii
 3th GOAL – _______________________________________ through Central America
What was the point of having a canal?
**Greatly ________________________________________ for commercial and military ships
Summary of how US got the land and built the Panama Canal
•
U.S. buys Spanish rights in 1903 to Panama from Colombia
•
U.S. backs Panamanian rebels independence against Colombia
•
Successful and US recognized Panama as independent country
•
Treaty with US – 10 mile strip of land to build canal (1904 – 1914)
•
US controlled (until 1999)
Panama Canal Political Cartoon Examination and Questions
So what can we conclude from the US pursuing and
achieving several foreign policy goals in the early 20th century?
1) Expanded access to ______________________________________________ in order to ensure the
continued growth of the domestic economy
2) US builds a modern ________________to protect interests abroad
3) US exercises its international power to ensure ______________________________________________
US HAS BEEN DRAWN DEEPER INTO WORLD AFFAIRS WITH PURSUIT OF IMPERIALISM
BUT IS LEADING THEM TOWARDS A WAR THEY COULD NOT AVOID…_________________