Define sociology as a social science. Describe the differences between sociology and common sense. Discuss the development of sociological theory. Identify the major sociological perspectives. Compare and contrast functionalism, conflict theory, interactionism, and feminism. Discuss development of the sociological imagination. Describe the significance of social inequality. Discuss the connections between sociology and social policy throughout the world. WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY? The Sociological Imagination Sociology and the Social Sciences Sociology and Common Sense WHAT IS SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY? THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY Early Thinkers Émile Durkheim Max Weber Karl Marx Modern Developments MAJOR THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Functionalist Perspective Conflict Perspective Interactionist Perspective The Sociological Approach APPLIED AND CLINICAL SOCIOLOGY DEVELOPING A SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Theory in Practice Research in Action Thinking Globally The Significance of Social Inequality Speaking across Race, Gender, and Religious Boundaries Social Policy throughout the World APPENDIX: CAREERS IN SOCIOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------Define the scientific method. Discuss formulating the hypothesis. Describe the processes of collecting and analyzing research data. Define validity and reliability in research. Describe the various research methods used by sociologists. Discuss the ethics of social research. Describe the impact of technology on research. Discuss sociological efforts to understand sexual behavior. WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD? Defining the Problem Reviewing the Literature Formulating the Hypothesis Collecting and Analyzing Data Developing the Conclusion In Summary: The Scientific Method MAJOR RESEARCH DESIGNS Surveys Observation Experiments Use of Existing Sources ETHICS OF RESEARCH Confidentiality Research Funding Value Neutrality TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH SOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH: STUDYING HUMAN SEXUALITY APPENDIX I: USING STATISTICS, TABLES, AND GRAPHS APPENDIX II: WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT -------------------------------------------------------------------Define the term culture. Describe the various cultural universals. Define and discuss globalization. Define sociobiology, and discuss how social scientists view it. Discuss the various elements of culture. Discuss the various cultural variations. Define ethnocentrism. Define and discuss cultural relativism. Discuss the controversies surrounding bilingualism. CULTURE AND SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE AROUND THE WORLD Cultural Universals Innovation Globalization, Diffusion, and Technology Biological Bases of Culture ELEMENTS OF CULTURE Language Norms Sanctions Values CULTURE AND THE DOMINANT IDEOLOGY CASE STUDY: CULTURE AT WAL-MART CULTURAL VARIATION Aspects of Cultural Variation Attitudes toward Cultural Variation SOCIAL POLICY AND CULTURE: BILINGUALISM -----------------------------------------------------------------------Define social interaction and social reality. Identify and discuss the various elements of social structure. Discuss the differences between ascribed and achieved statuses. Identify and describe role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Discuss the impact of social networks on social relationships. Analyze the importance of social institutions using the three major sociological perspectives. Discuss the importance of social structure from a global perspective. Describe the social policy implications of regulating the Internet. SOCIAL INTERACTION AND REALITY ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE Statuses Social Roles Groups Social Networks Social Institutions SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Durkheim's Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Tönnies's Gemeinschaft and Gellschaft Lenski's Sociolcultural Evolution Approach SOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL INTERACTION: REGULATING THE NET -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Define McDonaldization. Describe the various types of groups. Discuss the association between group size and social relations. Discuss formal organizations. Describe the various characteristics of a bureaucracy. Discuss voluntary associations and their impact on social relations. Describe how today's workplace is changing. Discuss the nature of unions in the United States today. UNDERSTANDING GROUPS Types of Groups Studying Small Groups UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONS Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies Characteristics of a Bureaucracy Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture CASE STUDY: BUREAUCRACY AND THE SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA THE CHANGING WORKPLACE Organizational Restructuring Telecommuting Electronic Communication VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS THE CHANGING WORKPLACE Organizational Restructuring Telecommuting Electronic Communication SOCIAL POLICY AND ORGANIZATIONS: THE STATE OF THE UNIONS