Mrs. Roberts – CTHS Pre-AP Biology Summer Assignment
NAME: ____________________________________________________ ID: ____________________________
You have been given a summer assignment for Pre-AP biology. You will be expected to know the information
covered in the summer assignment when you enter my class this upcoming school year. The summer assignment
includes the scientific method, biomolecules, enzymes, and prefixes and suffixes you should know for biology. The
summer assignment will count as your first grade in biology. You may use any resources available to you to complete
the assignment including books and the internet. I strongly suggest not leaving this assignment until the first week of
school to complete as many of your teachers will give you homework.
THIS ASSIGNMENT IS DUE WITH CLASS MATERIALS, SIGNED SYLLABUS AND SIGNED SAFETY CONTRACT THE FIRST
WEEK WE RETURN IN AUGUST!
DUE FRIDAY, AUGUST 29th, 2014
ENZYMES and MACROMOLECULES
Part One
Directions: Answer the following questions. You may use any resource available to you including the internet to help
you answer the following questions and fill in charts.
1.) What are the four types of biomolecules (macromolecules)?
2.) What is an enzyme? What role do enzymes play in our bodies?
3.) Draw out an enzyme substrate complex and label the enzyme, the substrate, and the active site.
4.) What type of biomolecule is an enzyme?
5.) What factors affect the action of an enzyme?
Mrs. Roberts – CTHS Pre-AP Biology Summer Assignment
6.) What is a peptide bond?
7.) What is starch and where is it found?
8.) What is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide?
9.) What is a monomer?
10.) What is a polymer?
11.) List three differences between RNA and DNA?
12.) What is ATP?
13.) What is a lipid?
14.) What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?
15.) Describe the phospholipid bilayer include the following words in your description: hydrophobic, hydrophilic,
head, tail, polar, nonpolar.
Mrs. Roberts – CTHS Pre-AP Biology Summer Assignment
Directions: Fill out the following tables for each of the four main types of biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Place your answers in this column:
List names below:
Name of monomer(s)
Draw the structure of a
monomer including
elements present
What elements make
up this biomolecule and
what ratio are they in?
Give examples of the
biomolecule (what type of
Draw Structure here
List elements and ratio below:
Examples are:
foods is it found in, or where is it found)
What is the role of this
biomolecule?
List where the following
polysaccharides are
found
List roles here:
Proteins
Place your answers in this column:
List names below:
Name of monomer(s)
Draw the structure of a
monomer including
elements present
What elements make
up this biomolecule and
what ratio are they in?
Give examples of the
biomolecule (what type of
Starch:
Cellulose:
Gylcogen:
Draw Structure here
List elements and ratio below:
Examples are:
foods is it found in, or where is it found)
What is the role of this
biomolecule?
List the importance of
these proteins.
List roles here:
Enzymes:
Hormones:
Mrs. Roberts – CTHS Pre-AP Biology Summer Assignment
Lipids
Name of monomer(s)
Draw the structure of a
monomer including
elements present
What elements make
up this biomolecule and
what ratio are they in?
Give examples of the
biomolecule (what type of
Place your answers in this column:
List names below:
Draw Structure here
List elements and ratio below:
Examples are:
foods is it found in, or where is it found)
What is the role of this
biomolecule?
Explain the difference
between these fats
List roles here:
Nucleic acids
Place your answers in this column:
List names below:
Name of monomer(s)
Draw the structure of a
monomer including
elements present
What elements make
up this biomolecule and
what ratio are they in?
Give examples of the
biomolecule (where inside the
Saturated:
Unsaturated:
Draw Structure here
List elements and ratio below:
Examples are:
cell do you find them?)
What is the role of this
biomolecule?
Compare and contrast
these nucleic acids.
List roles here:
DNA:
RNA:
ATP:
Mrs. Roberts – CTHS Pre-AP Biology Summer Assignment
Part 2: Biology Prefixes and Suffixes
Directions: Review and study the following prefixes and suffixes that are used in biology. Choose ten prefixes and five
suffixes and create a sentence using each. You should have 15 sentences!
Prefix
Meaning
Example and definition of example
A-
Without, negative, not
Asexual (without sex)
Aer-
Aerobic
(with oxygen)
Amyl-
Starch
Amylase (starch enzyme)
Anti-
Against
Antibodies (proteins that work against invaders)
Auto-
Self
Autotroph (self nourishing)
Bi-
Two
Biennial (two year life span plant)
Bio-
Life
Biology (the study of life)
Cardi-
Heart
Cardiovascular
Cata-
Down, lower, under
Catabolic
Cephal-
Head
Cephalization
Chlor-
Green
Chlorophyll
Con-
With, together
Conjugation
Crani-
Skull
Craniometer (instrument used to measure the skull)
Cyto-
Cell
Cytosol
Dactyl-
Finger, toe, digit
Dactylogram
Derm-
Skin
dermis
di-
Two
disaccharide
Diplo-
Double
Diploid cell
Un-
Not
Unsaturated (not saturated; capable of dissolving more of a substance)
Uni-
One
Unicellular (having a single cell)
Vas-
vessel
vasodilation (dilation of a blood vessel
Zyg-
Yoke, union
Zygote (a fertilized cell)
Macro-
Large
Macroeudution
Mal-
Bad, Abnormal
Malformation
Mrs. Roberts – CTHS Pre-AP Biology Summer Assignment
Meta-
After, behind
Metastasis
Micro-
Small
Microscopic
Mill-
Thousand
Milliliter
Flagell-
Whip
Flagella (whiplike structures)
Re-
Back again
Regeneration (Re-growth of a body part)
Ecto-
Outer, external
Ectotherm (An organism that uses external heat to regulate it’s body
temperature)
En-
In
Endothelium (Innermost layer of cells lining blood vessels)
End-, Endo-
within
Endotherm (Organism that generates heat internally to maintain a constant
body temperature)
Erythro-
red
Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
Eu-
Good, well, true
Eukaryote (Organism whose cells contains a “true” membrane bound nucleus)
Ex-
Out of, outer
Exoskeleton (hard outer surface that provides support or protection for an
organism)
Extra-
Outside, beyond
Extracellular (locating or occurring outside a cell)
Gam-
United, jointed, sexual
Gametes (egg or sperm that unite during sexual reproduction)
Gastr
Stomach, Belly
Gastric juice (Acidic fluid secretes by the stomach)
Glyco-
Sugar, sweet
Glycolysis (metabolic pathway that involves the splitting of sugars (glucose)
into pyruvic acid)
Haplo-
Single
haploid (having a single set of chromosomes
Hem-
Blood
hemoglobin (iron containing protein in red blood cells)
Hepat-
Liver
hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
Hetero-
Other, different
heterozygous (having two different alleles for a given trait)
Homo-
Same
homozygous (having two alleles for a given trait that are the same)
Hydro-
Water
hydrophilic (having an affinity for water; water loving)
Hyper-
Above, excessive
Hypo-
Under, beneath, lacking
hyperthyroidism (condition resulting from the excessive production of
thyroid hormones)
hypodermic (of or pertaining to the parts under the skin)
Im-
Not
Immobile (not moving)
Inter-
Between
interstitial fluid (fluid filling space between cells)
Mrs. Roberts – CTHS Pre-AP Biology Summer Assignment
Intra-
Within
intraocular (occurring within the eyeball)
Iso-
Equal
Lact-
Milk
isogamy (fusion of male and female gametes that are the same size and
structure)
lactose (milk sugar)
Leuk-
White
leukocytes (white blood cells)
Neo-
New
neonatal (of or relating to newborn infants)
Neph-
Kidney
Nephrons (structure of kidneys and urinary system)
Neuro-
Nerve
neuroblast (embryonic cell that develops into a nerve cell)
Oste-
Bone
Ov-
Egg
osteoporosis (abnormal reduction in the amount of bone mass resulting in
fragile porous bones)
Ovum (female gamete, egg)
Para-
Around, near, beside
parathyroid (near or within the thyroid gland)
Path-
Disease
pathogen (disease causing agent)
Phago-
Eating
Phil-
Love
phagocyte (a cell that engulfs and digests waste materials and
microorganisms)
philoprogenitive (relating to the love of children)
Phob-
Fear
phobia (abnormal irrational fear of a specific thing)
Phyto-
Plant
phytochrome (pigment involved in many plant responses to light)
Pneum-
Lung
Pod-
Foot, foot-like
pneumococcus (microorganism that causes a disease of the lungs called
bacterial pneumonia)
podia (structures that resemble or function as feet)
Poly-
Many
polysome (many ribosomes attached to a messenger RNA)
Post-
After
postmortem (occurring after death)
Pre-
Before, prior
prepuce (foreskin covering the human penis)
Pro-
Before, primary
Pseudo-
False
protoderm (outer most primary meristem that forms the epidermis of roots
and shoots)
pseudoscience (practice that resembles science but is considered to be
without scientific foundation)
Psych-
Soul, mind
psychology (science that deals with mental processes and behavior)
Sacchar-
Sugar
disaccharide (double sugar, example: sucrose - composed of glucose and
fructose)
Mrs. Roberts – CTHS Pre-AP Biology Summer Assignment
Suffix
Meaning
Example and definition of example
-asis
Affected with, with
Homeostasis (with a steady state)
-emia
blood
Leukemia (form of cancer characterized by an abnormal increase In the
number of white blood cells in the body)
-itis
Inflammation
appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix)
-kinesis
Movement, motion
cytokinesis (cell motion; division of the cytoplasm)
-logy
Science of, study of
biology (science of life and living organisms)
-lysis
Decomposition,
dissolving, destruction
Tumor
chemolysis (decomposition of organic substances through the use of chemical
agents)
adenoma (a benign glandular epithelial tumor)
-osis
Affected with, condition,
abnormal process
cirrhosis (chronic disease affecting the liver)
-otomy
Act of cutting, incision
gastrotomy (incision in the stomach)
-ous
Characterized by, full of
homozygous (union characterized by the joining of identical alleles for a
single trait)
-pathy
Disease
neuropathy (disease of the nervous system)
-philic
Love
thermophilic (relating to the love of heat or hot environments)
-phyll
Leaf
sporophyll (leaf that contains spores)
-plasm
Material forming cells
cytoplasm (contents of a cell excluding the nucleus)
-oma