Topic: All about Acids and Bases
Do Now:
Acids
Table K
IDENTIFY an Acid
Covalent Formulas
that start with H
(exception: H2O2
and H2O) or end
with COOH
Properties of Acids
1. Sour taste
2. Electrolytes:
- ionize in water =conduct electric current
- HCl  H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
- HNO3  H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
3. React with bases to form water and salt
(Neutralization Reaction)
4. React with most metals to produce H2(g) and a salt
1. Why not all metals? HINT: Table J
2HCl + Mg  MgCl2 + H2
5. Acids turn litmus red
Arrhenius Acid
• Substance that contains hydrogen &
produces H+1 ions in aqueous solution
+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq)
HCl(g) 
H
HO
2
HNO3 H OH+1(aq) + NO3-1(aq)
• An
2
in H+ ions makes the solution Acidic
Naming Binary Acids
• Hydro + stem of nonmetal + ic
HF = ?
Hydrofluoric acid
HCl = ?
Hydrochloric acid
H2S = ?
Hydrosulfic acid
Not all acids are created equal
• Strong acids completely dissociate
– HCl  H+ + Cl– HNO3  H+ + NO3– HBr  H+ + Br– HI  H+ + I-
• Weak acids
– HF
– CH3COOH
• Acetic acid
• Ethanoic acid
Strong acid in water = almost no
original HA left
all converted to H3O+ and A-
Weak Acid
Which would be a better electrolyte?
• HF
or
• HCl
or
HI
CH3COOH
Car Batteries
Car batteries are typically made of plates of lead
and separate lead dioxide plates what are
submerged into an solution of about 65% water
and 35% H2SO4
WHY do you think this is?
Bases
Table L
IDENTIFY a Base
Covalent Formulas
metal + OH
(exception:NH3 it’s
a base too)
CH3OH is NOT a base. WHY?
Properties of Bases
1. Bitter taste
2. Slippery or soapy feeling
– Caustic – dissolve your skin
3. Electrolytes
– NaOH  Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
4. React with acids to produce water
and salt
5. Bases turn litmus blue
Arrhenius Base
• substance that contains hydroxide
group & produces OH-1 ions in
aqueous solution (expect NH3 it’s a
base too)
NaOH(s)  Na+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)
THERE IS A LIMITATION TO
THIS MODEL…
– NH3 is a base but it doesn’t contain OH-1 but it
produces OH-1
:NH3 + H2O  NH4+1 + OH-1
Naming Bases
• Name the metal + hydroxide
NaOH = ?
Sodium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 = ? Calcium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 = ? Magnesium hydroxide
Not all bases are created equal
• Strong bases 100% dissociate
• Group 1 and Group 2 metals + OH are
considered Strong bases
– NaOH  Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
• Weak bases
– NH3
REVIEW
• Acids: start with H or end with COOH
– Produces H+ ions
– Turn litmus red
• Bases: metal + OH
– Produces OH- ions
– Turn litmus blue