Nutritional Components
of Food
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Objectives
• Identify and describe the six classes of dietary
nutrients.
• Describe the differences among the various
types of cholesterol.
• Identify problems that can occur from
inadequate amounts of certain nutrients.
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Essential Nutrients
substances from food that
nourish the body
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Carbohydrates • Minerals
• Fats
• Water
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Proteins
• These are the
basic
components of
body tissue
and they also
provide energy.
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Protein is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen, it is found in all cells.
Protein plays a unique role in the growth and repair of
body tissue, and they speed up the rate of chemical
reactions in the body.
All proteins are made up of amino acids: 11 of them
can be produced by the body and 9 others must be
supplied by food. The 9 that can not be produced by
the body are called essential amino acids.
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There are two types of proteins
Complete
A protein that contains all 9 essential amino acids.
Incomplete
A protein that lacks one or more of the essential amino
acids.
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Carbohydrates
• A class of
nutrients
containing
simple sugars,
glycogen and
dietary fiber.
• A main source
of energy.
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There are two types of carbohydrates
Complex: Are low in fat and rich in vitamins, minerals and
fiber. Examples would include: pasta, rice and whole grains.
These are a longer lasting energy source.
Simple: Low in fat, missing some essential vitamins and
mineral and provides you with a short term energy source.
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Dietary fiber
A complex carbohydrate that does not provide
energy. It’s commonly called roughage. It helps
to move undigested food through the digestive
tract, preventing constipation & reducing the risk
of certain diseases.
corn, rice bran, whole grains, greens and veggies
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Morning
• Eat protein, it
will help jump
start your brain.
• It will keep you
going
throughout the
day.
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Evening
• Carbohydrates
will give you
the “chill out”
or a relaxed
feeling.
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Fats
• Fats are energy
storage
molecules &
supply more
energy per
gram that
carbohydrates
or proteins
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Types of Fats
There are two types of fats
Saturated: Usually solid at room temperature and can be
found in most animal fats.
They contain single bonds between carbon atoms and
the maximum number of bonds of hydrogen atoms.
Unsaturated: Liquid at room temperature and contain
fewer bonds of hydrogen.
These are generally found in plants.
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Do We Need Fat in Our Diets?
They store energy in a form that can be used when
the body needs it.
They protect our organs.
They insulate our body from the cold.
They transport certain vitamins throughout the body.
They are an important ingredient of several
hormones.
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Cholesterol
A fat like substance that is part of
all animal cells and is needed for
the production of some hormones
and fat digestion.
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Two Types of cholesterol
• HDL(high-density
lipoproteins)
compounds that
remove
cholesterol from
the blood and
transport it back
to the liver.
• LDL(low-density
lipoproteins)
compounds that
carry cholesterol
to the cells for
cell processing.
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Vitamins
Organic substances that assist in
the chemical reactions that occur
in the body.
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Fat Soluble Vitamins
A: maintains healthy eyes, skin, bones, teeth
and keeps the lining of digestive track resistant to
infections.
D: promotes normal growth.
E: prevents the destruction of red blood cells.
K: assists with blood clotting.
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Water Soluble Vitamins
B1: (Thiamine) assists with conversion of
carbohydrates to energy.
B2: (Riboflavin) assists with nerve cell
function.
B3: (Niacin) maintenance of normal
metabolism.
B12: necessary for formation of red blood cells
and normal cell function.
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B6: (Pyridoxine) necessary for normal carbohydrate, fat
and protein metabolism.
FOLACIN: necessary for the production of genetic materials.
BIOTIN: necessary for metabolism of carbohydrates and
other B vitamins.
PANTOTHENIC ACID: used to produce some hormones and
assists with the release of energy.
C(Ascorbic Acid): needed for normal development of
connective tissue.
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Minerals
Inorganic substances that are
generally absorbed to form
structural components of the body.
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Minerals
CALCIUM: necessary for normal growth of bones
CHLORINE: maintenance of water balance
COPPER: involved in skin color
IODINE: production of thyroid hormone
IRON: needed for some enzymes
MAGNESIUM: needed for chemical reactions
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MANGANESE: normal function of nerve cells
PHOSOHORUS: plays a role in metabolism
POTASSIUM: nerve and muscle function
SODIUM: water balance & nerve conduction.
SULFUR: found in amino acids.
ZINC: needed for digestion, respiration,
healing and metabolism.
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Nutrient Deficiencies
• Night blindness and impaired growth can result from lack of
vitamin A.
• Rickets and/or inadequate growth of bones and teeth comes
from a lack of vitamin D.
• Lack of vitamin E can result in anemia.
• Lack of vitamin K can cause slow blood clotting.
• Deficient in B1 can result in muscle weakness & heart
problems.
• Skin sores can be caused by the lack of vitamin B2.
• Lack of B3 is a contributing factor of depression.
• Skin disorders and hair loss can be from the lack of BIOTIN.
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Water
• Water is an
essential
component in
you diet.
• About 2/3 of
your body
weight is water.
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Vs.
• About 65 to
70% of your
body weight
is water.
• About 55 to
65% of your
body weight
is water.
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Functions of H2O in the Body
*All body functions are chemical reaction and most
need water to occur.
*Helps maintain acidity at the proper level so the
chemical reactions can occur.
*Helps transport gases, nutrients and waste throughout
the body.
*Regulates body temperature.
*water is a produce of chemical reaction that help drive
your body processes.
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Dehydration
A state which the body has lost
more water than has been taken in
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Dehydration can occur as a result
of heavy physical activity or an
illness that includes vomiting,
diarrhea, fever or a situation that
cause you to sweat profusely.
This can happen if you are not
drinking enough water.
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Thank you
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