REVIEW FOR THE
U.S. HISTORY
PROGRESSIVES & SPANISHAMERICAN WAR TEST
INSTRUCTIONS:
Go through the slides and answer each
question in the packet; the slide numbers
are listed for each question
“Muckrakers”
were journalists
who wrote about
and exposed
problems such as
poverty,
corruption, and
monopolies
Jacob Riis, Upton
Sinclair, and Ida
Tarbell are
examples of
muckrakers
The main reason the United
States annexed Hawaii was
to take advantage of its
natural resources; namely,
the pineapple trade
FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE
PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS
GOAL #1:
Protecting social
welfare to relieve
urban problems; this
was done by
organizations such as
the YMCA and
Salvation Army
FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE
PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS
GOAL #2: Promoting moral reform by
improving personal behavior (the “AntiSaloon League” pushed for the 18th
Amendment, which prohibited alcohol
FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE
PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS
GOAL #3: Creating
economic reforms
(like stopping
monopolies) and
eliminating political
corruption; for
example, Eugene
Debs started the
American Socialist
Party in an attempt
at economic reform
FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE
PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS
GOAL #4:
Fostering
efficiency in
American
society and the
economy, such
as the scientific
management of
Henry Ford’s
assembly line
When the Spanish-American War was over, the
United States gained the following territories from
Spain: the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
The U.S. also freed Cuba from Spain, but did not add
Cuba to its territory; Cuba became independent
During the SpanishAmerican War, future
Progressive President
Teddy Roosevelt was
the leader of the
“Rough Riders”
“Yellow journalism” when newspapers greatly
exaggerated news stories
“Progressive Amendments”
PROGRESSIVE AMENDMENTS
–16th Amendment created the
1st income tax in U.S. history
–17th Amendment allowed for the
direct-election of U.S. Senators
–18th Amendment outlawed
alcohol (prohibition)
–19th Amendment granted women
the right to vote (suffrage)
What did Upton Sinclair’s
The Jungle (1906) expose?
Upton Sinclair’s book
The Jungle revealed the
unsanitary conditions of
slaughterhouses
and led to government
regulation of
food industries, such as
the Meat Inspection Act
The decision in the Supreme Court case Plessy v
Ferguson of 1896 stated that segregation does
not violate the 14th Amendment and can be
used as long as separate facilities are equal
(“separate but equal”)
Booker T. Washington was
a Black leader who was a
Harvard graduate and
President of the Tuskegee
Institute (a college)
Booker T. Washington
believed that education
was the key to AfricanAmericans becoming
social equals to Whites
W.E.B. DuBois was also
a Black leader for civil
rights and reform
DuBois differed from
Booker T. Washington
in that DuBois felt that
aggressive action
would be necessary to
gain civil rights for
African-Americans
Roosevelt gained control of the land the U.S. needed to
build theU.S.
Panama
Canal by encouraging and supporting
Imperialism:
the Panamanians to break away from Colombia
PANAMA
An initiative is a bill (a proposed law) that
originates from the people rather than
from the legislators (lawmakers)
The sport of baseball became
known as “America’s pastime”
Women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton did much to fight for women’s
suffrage, which is the right to vote
Anthony and Stanton founded the National
Women Suffrage Association
19th Amendment:
The right of the
citizens of the
United States to vote
shall not be denied
by the United States
or by any state on
account of gender
In 1898, the U.S. sent the USS Maine to Cuba to protect
American interests there; after the ship mysteriously
exploded, Americans declared war on Spain; this was the
event that began the Spanish-American War
What did Ida Tarbell’s
The History of Standard Oil (1904) expose?
Ida Tarbell’s book
The History of
Standard Oil (1904)
revealed John D.
Rockefeller’s
ruthless business
practices and called
for the break-up of
large monopolies
Jane Addams established the Hull House in Chicago,
which offered baths, cheap food, child care, health care,
and job training to poor citizens of the slums
What did Jacob Riis’
How the Other Half Lives (1890) expose?
Jacob Riis’ book
How the Other
Half Lives (1890)
exposed urban
poverty and life in
the slums
In war, a “theater” is the geographical area where fighting
takes place; in the Spanish-American War, the two
theaters were Cuba and the Philippines
Roosevelt saw the
benefit of efficient
monopolies, but
wanted to destroy
the trusts that
were harmful to
the public interest
Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1906 for negotiating an end to the
war between Russia and Japan
During the presidency of Taft, U.S. policy in
Latin America was primarily driven by
concern for American economic and
strategic concerns in the region
“I’m feeling as fit as
a bull moose!”
This political
cartoon
announces the
arrival of Teddy
Roosevelt’s
Progressive Party
in the election of
1912; it was also
known as the
“Bull Moose
Party”
Taft failed to
unify the
Republican
Party and
Roosevelt ran
against him
as a member
of his own
Progressive
Party
Taft and Roosevelt split
up the Republican vote,
which paved the way
for Democrat Woodrow
Wilson to easily win the
1912 election
Roosevelt’s foreign policy could be summed up by
the old proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”,
which meant that his negotiations were always
backed up by the threat of military force
The Spanish-American War was referred to as a
“splendid little war” because it was brief, did not cost
many American lives, and propelled the U.S. into the
position of being a major world power
President Woodrow
Wilson established
the Federal Reserve
System, which is
responsible for
controlling the
money supply in the
U.S. as well as
interest rates
This map shows women’s suffrage in 1919; frontier
life in the Western states tended to promote the
acceptance of greater political equality for women
This political cartoon illustrates the “Roosevelt Corollary”,
which was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine; the Monroe
Doctrine told Europeans to stay out of Latin America, but the
Roosevelt Corollary stated that the U.S. military would
intervene in any dispute involving any Latin American country
Thomas Jefferson was the principal author
of the Declaration of Independence
The “Spoils System” (in which loyal supporters
of winning candidates are awarded with jobs)
was introduced to American government by
President Andrew Jackson
Pennsylvania and
Maryland were
American colonies
that were founded
for the purpose of
escaping religious
persecution in
Europe
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 served to restrict
freedom of speech and freedom of the press;
President John Adams passed the act to halt unrest
sweeping through the new U.S. nation
Benjamin Franklin
made a major
contribution to the
success of the
American Revolution
by serving as a
diplomat to France
Franklin secured an
alliance with France;
the French would help
the Americans in the
war with England
“I hold that in the present
state of civilization, where
two races of different origin,
and distinguished by color,
and other physical
differences, as well as
intellectual, are brought
together, the reaction now
existing in the slave holding
states between the two is,
instead of an evil, a good – a
positive good.”
John C. Calhoun stated that slavery was a “positive good”
IF YOU HAVE
CORRECTLY
ANSWERED ALL OF
THE QUESTIONS
ON YOUR REVIEW
PACKET, YOU WILL
BE READY FOR THE
TEST! BULLY!

Review created by
Christopher Jaskowiak
Assisted by
Eric Duncan, Scott Wilbanks, and
Christopher Moore