Cell Energy:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS + CELL ENERGY
KEY CONCEPTS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
 How can we classify organisms in how they get energy?
RESPIRATION:
 What are the two types of
Respiration?
 In what ways do organisms get energy?
 What is the formula for photosynthesis? How does it work?
 What is the formula for
Respiration? How does it work?
 What Factors effect
Respiration?
 What Factors effect Photosnthesis?

•
Autotrophs
Also called producers
• What process do autotrophs use to make food?
HETEROTROPHS
• Also called consumers
• How do heterotrophs get their food?
• What are some examples of autotrophs?
• What are some examples of heterotrophs?

Two biological processes are needed to create usable energy for organisms
Photosynthesis
• Define: Process that converts sunlight energy into sugar (_______________) in plants.
Respiration
• DEFINE: process that converts glucose in sugar into usable energy for cells
Which process(es) do autotrophs use and which process(es) do heterotrophs use?

• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) = energy storage molecule
• Cells use ATP for Growth and Maintanance and HOMEOSTASIS! three phosphate groups adenine ribose

HOW DOES ATP POWER OUR CELLS?
• ATP stores energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups
HERE IS HOW IT WORKS:
• When a bond is broken energy is released
• The chemical equation for breaking an ATP molecule is:

Chloroplasts are like: mini solar panels that capture sunlight energy to make glucose!
What makes them green?
What colors of light does chlorophyll reflect? Absorb?
What is a pigment?
• natural substance that gives color to animals and plants
• Absorb and reflect wavelengths of light
• We see the reflected color

What are all the colors of visible light?

WHAT ARE
OTHER
PIGMENTS
CALLED?

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO
2
+ 6 H
2
O + sunlight C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2

1. Light Reactions
• Light enters Chlorophyll in Chloroplast and excites electrons
• H2O is Split into H and O2
• ATP & NADPH is made
2. Dark Reactions
• AKA: Calvin Cycle
• CO2 + H +NADPH and ATP are made into
GLUCOSE and more CO2
• What is the difference between these two stages?

• Light Intensity – the more light the faster the rate of photosynthesis.
• CO
2
Concentration – the more CO the rate of photosynthesis.
2
, the faster
• Temperature – rate of photosynthesis slows down at extremes of hot or cold.

• Respiration – the biochemical process that converts glucose made in photosynthesis into ATP
• Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs.
AND

Two Types of Respiration
• AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC.
• Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to make ATP energy.
• The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is:
C
6
H
12
0
6
+ 6O
2
 6H
2
O + 6CO
2
+ 36 ATP

• Anaerobic respiration DOES NOT REQUIRE
OXYGEN. (Also called FERMENTATION)
• Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
START with the same process…GLYCOLYSIS

• Occurs in CYTOPLASM
• The chemical equation for glycolysis is:
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 2ATP  2 Pyruvic acid + 4ATP
• Means “split the sugar,”

• Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA
1. Pyruvic acid eventually made into H+, CO
2 and ATP.
,
2. The H+ ions bond to other molecules and end up making 34 more ATP.
3. 2 ATP (Glycolysis) + 34 ATP (aerobic) = 36 ATP

• Occurs in the CYTOPLASM.
• Both processes result in the production of only 2 ATP MOLECULES.
Factors Affecting Respiration:
• ATP concentration - the more ATP molecules available, the slower the rate of respiration.

Anaerobic Respiration in Plants/Bacteria/Fungi
(OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM)
Summary of anaerobic respiration in plants:
1.Pyruvate goes through alcoholic fermentation
2.Pyruvate converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide
3.No additional ATP is created
What useful materials can be made from alcoholic fermentation?
- Yeast undergoes alcoholic fermentation in the process of making wine and beer.

(OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM)
Summary of anaerobic respiration in animals:
1. Pyruvate goes through lactic acid fermentation
2. Pyruvate converted to lactic acid and carbon dioxide
3. No additional ATP is created
How does lactic acid fermentation affect us?
- Lactic acid can build up in muscles when they run out of oxygen and causes muscle soreness

Process Location Reactants Products
Glycolysis
Aerobic respiration
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation

HOW ARE PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELATED?