Mrs. Williams
Poetry is…
 The art or work of a poet.
 There are different types of poetry.
 These are the ones you need to be familiar with
 Narrative Poetry
 Lyric Poetry
 Dramatic Poetry
Narrative Poetry
 What is it? _Tells a story
 An example of narrative poetry is an epic poem.
An Epic Poem
 Is a long narrative poem in elevated style presenting
the adventures of a central hero who possesses
superhuman qualities and generally embodies national
ideals.
 You should have read one of these last year in 9th grade
 What was it called? The Odyssey
A Ballad is…
 A fairly short narrative poem written in a songlike
stanza.
 Often transmitted orally from generation to generation.
Dramatic Poetry is…
 Verse in the form of a monologue by one character
or a dialogue between two or more characters.
 The dramatic qualities of this type of poetry often result
from stressful situations and conflicting emotions.

A conversational poem.
 Speeches in Shakespeare’s plays
Lyric Poetry is…
 Verse in which a speaker expresses personal thoughts
and feelings.
 Lyric poems are usually short and can take many forms.


These forms include: the elegy, ode, and another form.
Lyric poems were also written in another form which
Shakespeare wrote a lot of his poems. What was that form?
•sonnet
The Sonnet is…
 A fixed form of 14 lines, normally in iambic
pentameter, with a rhyme scheme conforming to or
approximating one of 2 main types:
 The Italian and The English.
 Does anyone know the other names that can be used
in place of Italian and English?
The Petrarchan Sonnet is a…
 Italian Sonnet
 It consists of an octave rhyming: abbaabba and a
sestet using any arrangement of two or three
additional rhymes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde.
 Originated in Italy
The Shakespearean Sonnet is…
 A sonnet rhyming: ababcdcdefefgg
 It’s content or structure ideally parallels the rhyme
scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and a
concluding couplet.
 Is often structured like the Italian sonnet, into octave
and sestet, the principle break in thought coming at
the end of the line.
The Elegy is…
 A serious poem
lamenting the
death of an
individual or
group.
An Ode is…
 A long lyric poem,
serious and dignified in
subject , tone, and style.
 Usually written to
celebrate an event or
honor a person.
Rhyme Scheme is…
 Any fixed pattern of rhymes
characterizing a whole poem or its
stanzas.
 Two types to discuss
 Blank
 Free
Rhyme Scheme
Blank Verse
is…
Unrhymed
iambic
pentameter
 Free Verse is…
 NON Metric verse.

Poetry written in free
verse is arranged in
lines (may be more or
less rhythmical), but
has no fixed metrical
pattern.
Rhythm is…
 The pattern created by
arranging stressed and
unstressed syllables,
particularly in poetry.
 Meter
 Foot
Meter is…
The predictable and regular
alternation between stressed and
unstressed syllables that gives
poetry its rhythm
Foot
 The basic unit of
meter in a line of
poetry.
 A foot usually
consists of one
stressed syllable
and one or two
unstressed
syllables.
 Four types you need to be
familiar with:
Iambic_Foot:
a.
a.
Unstressed followed by a
stressed.
Trochaic foot:
b.
a.
Stressed followed by an
unstressed.
Dactylic Foot:
c.
a.
Stressed followed by two
unstressed.
Anapestic Foot:
d.
a.
Two unstressed followed
by a stressed.
Other Terms to Remember from 9th
Grade:
 Figurative Language- Language
 Personification- A figure of
employing figures of speech;
language that cannot be taken
literally or only literally
 Allusion-A reference to a
historical figure, place, or event.
 Simile- A direct comparison
between two basically different
things. A simile is introduced by
the words like or as
 Metaphor- A figure of speech in
which an implicit comparison is
made between two things
essentially unlike.
speech in which human
attributes are given to an animal,
an object or concept.
 Onomatopoeia- The use of
words that supposedly mimic
their meaning in their sound
 Example: boom, click, pop
Other Terms to Remember from 9th
Grade English:
Repetition of Sounds:
 Assonance- The repetition at
close intervals of the vowel
sounds of accented syllables or
important words.
 Consonance- The repetition at
close intervals of the FINAL
consonant sounds of accented
syllables or important words.
 Alliteration- The repetition at
close intervals of the INITIAL
(beginning) consonant sounds
of accented syllables or
important words.
 Rhyme scheme- Any fixed
pattern of rhymes
characterizing a whole poem or
its stanzas.
 Internal Rhyme- A rhyme in
which one or both of the rhymewords occur WITHIN the line.
 Slant Rhyme- A rhyme in which
the rhyme words approximate
identical sounds. Also known as
OFF Rhyme
 External Rhyme- A rhyme in
which the rhyme-words occur at
the END of the line.
Other Terms to Remember from 9th
Grade English:
 Irony- A situation, or use
of language, involving
some kind of incongruity
or discrepancy
 When things turn out
DIFFERENTLY than
expected.
 Tone- The writer’s or
speaker’s attitude toward
his subject, his audience,
or himself; the emotional
coloring, or emotional
meaning, of a work
 Mood- The emotional
feeling or atmosphere in a
work of literature,
sometimes created by
descriptions of the setting.
 EX: “It was the best of
times; it was the worst of
times.”