Physical Geo
North Africa
Eastern Mediterranean
Turkey, Iran, Iraq
Landforms
North Africa
 African, Arabian, Anatolian and Eurasian plates
 Atlas Mountains
 SW Morocco to NE Tunisia
 Sahara (ergs & regs)
 The Ahaggar
Landforms
Eastern Mediterranean
 Anti Lebanon Mountains
 Syrian Desert
 Jordan Rift Valley
 Negev Desert
Landforms
Turkey, Iran, Iraq
 Largely mountainous – some plains
 North Anatolian Fault
 Pontic / Taurus Mountains (Turkey)
 Elburz / Zagros ranges (Iran)
 Anatolian Peninsula
Landforms
Arabian Peninsula
 Peninsula – a portion of land nearly surrounded by
water.
 Arid – excessively dry
 Dune – a mound or ridge of sand formed by the
wind.
 Arabian Shield
Water Systems
North Africa
 Rivers are lifeblood of North Africa
 Nile River – longest river in the world – 4,160 miles
 Nile Delta gave birth to early civilizations
 90 percent of Egypt’s people live in the Nile Basin
Changing of the Nile
 Pre 1950s, people relied on annual flooding
 Alluvial soil – rich soil made up of sand and mud
deposited by running water.
 Aswan High Dam
 Year round irrigation
 Hydroelectricity
 Has made soil less fertile
Water Systems
Eastern Mediterranean
 The Euphrates River
 Begins in Turkey / most important river in Syria
 Jordan River
 Sea of Galilee
 Dead Sea
 Mediterranean Sea
Water Systems
Turkey, Iran, Iraq
 Tigres and Euphrates
 Mesopotamia
Water Systems
Arabian Peninsula
 Red Sea
 Gulf of Aden
 Arabian Sea
 Gulf of Oman
 Persian Gulf
Vocab
 Wadi – in the desert, a streambed that is dry except
during a heavy rain.
Climate / Biomes
Africa
 Arid – semi-arid
 Sahara desert – receives less than 10 inches of annual
rainfall
Climate / Biomes
Eastern Mediterranean
 Kibbutz – a communal farm or settlement in Israel
 Moshav – a cooperative settlement of small
individual farms in Israel
 Hot dry summers – mild rainy winters
Climates / Biomes
Turkey, Iran, Iraq
 Mediterranean Climate
 Semi-arid steppe climate
 Pastoralism – the raising of animals for food and
other products