RAH Day 4 Agenda
Goal – to understand and evaluate the effectiveness of the
major containment policies including the Korean War.
• Questions from homework
• Complete (Packet 6 and 7) about containment policy
• Marshall Plan (Packet 8 and 9)
• Complete Korean War chart (Packet 10)
• Video about Gordon Kahn – how were people affected by the red
scare?
• Complete (Packet 11-12) about Red Scare and Cold War at home
• Draw a cartoon that shows how the international events of the early
Cold War, like Greece and Turkey, Berlin, Korea, Spy rings and the
USSR getting the A-bomb affected the US citizens here in the US
socially and politically?
Truman Doctrine Transcript
Truman Doctrine – March 12, 1947
Policy – a statement of US foreign policy generally to oppose
the spread of Soviet influence. Specifically it was an
argument to Congress to scare them into approving spending
$400million to help Greece and Turkey in 1947.
Purpose – to stop the spread of Soviet influence in Greece
and Turkey, and then the rest of the world.
Soviet reaction – Soviets felt threatened and thus further
supported “Communist” governments throughout the world
including China and Korea.
Evaluation of success – the doctrine was successful in
Greece, Turkey, Western Europe, (Including Berlin) and
Korea. But failed in China, North Korea, Vietnam and Cuba
Economic cooperation Act – the Marshall
Plan
Post War Devastation
Post War Devastation
Marshall Plan rebuilds the
town
Marshall Plan – proposed 1947, passed
into law April 3, 1948
Policy – a Congressional law called the Foreign Assistance Act
that authorized the US government to spend up to $13billion
over 4 years in Europe.
Purpose – 1. to stop the spread of Soviet influence in Europe,
2. To help Europe rebuild after the devastation of WWII,
3.
To link countries together through trade to help prevent war,
4. To help the US economy grow.
Soviet reaction – Soviets felt threatened and thought the US
was trying to undermine their system and turned down the
aid for the USSR and Eastern Europe.
Evaluation of success – the most successful foreign policy
ever implemented by the US – all goals were achieved
Berlin Airlift
Berlin Airlift – June 1948-May 1949
Policy – 11 months of 277,000 flights into Templehof airport
containing supplies of oil, coal, food and clothing.
Purpose – to stop the spread of communist influence in
Berlin, to prevent the fall of Berlin to the communists, to
show the world our resolve in containing communism and to
keep a bastion of democracy behind the Iron curtain.
Soviet reaction – Soviets felt threatened but did not want war,
so finally backed down and let West Berlin stay connected to
West Germany
Evaluation of success – very successful, all goals achieved.
Led to strong economic, military and political ties with
Germany to this very day. US still has major military bases in
Germany
NATO
NATO Flag
Map of Expansion
of NATO –
US and Canada
were original
founding members
of the alliance not
depicted on map
Creation of NATO –1949
Policy – military alliance linking Canada and US to Western
Europe
Purpose – to stop the spread of communist influence in W.
Europe, to help prevent war in Europe, and to act as a
mutual defense arrangement, protecting its members from
Soviet aggression.
Soviet reaction – Soviets felt threatened and created the
Warsaw Pact in 1955
Evaluation of success – very successful, all goals achieved.
NATO still exists today, protecting the peace in Europe. No
NATO countries fell to communism. But helped to lead to the
arms race and the development and deployment of
dangerous weapons in Europe and the world.
Chinese Civil War
CCP – Chinese
Communist Party led by:
Mao Zedong
Guo Mindong – Chinese
Nationalist Party led by:
US tries to mediate
war: but then helps
Jiang
Jiang Jieshi
Support for Jiang Jieshi’s Guo Mindong
(the Nationalists) government in China
Policy – military and economic assistance to Chinese
government of President Jiang Jieshi
Purpose – to stop the spread of communist influence in China
by giving military hardware and training to the Nationalist
Army and to give economic aid so that Jiang’s government
would be successful in helping his people
Soviet reaction – Soviets and Chinese Communists felt
threatened Soviets briefly aided Mao Zedong’s Communists,
and helped to lead to Korean War
Evaluation of success – failed – the Communists under Mao
Zedong won the civil war in 1949 and kicked the Guo
Mindong to Taiwan.
Korean War - Active map of Korean War
Policy – military invasion by US and UN forces
Purpose – to stop the spread of communism into South Korea
by defending South Korea after it was attacked by North
Korea under the leadership Kim Il Sung
Soviet reaction – Soviets were happy that the US interest was
not solely focused on Europe. Chinese Communists felt
threatened and entered to war on NK side in November 1950.
Continued animosity between US and China for 20 more
years.
Evaluation of success – a success when looking at main goal
of defending South Korea, which did not fall to communists
and is an independent successful democracy today. But a
failure if viewed as intending to rid all of Korea of communist
control.
1946-1949 Events or issues in
Asia that caused concern for the
U.S
Direct causes for the
Korean Conflict
China was taken over by Communists in
1949
- USSR installed a Communist puppet
regime in North Korea.
- The Korean Peninsula
was divided after WWII at
the 38th parallel between
US- backed and USSR backed governments.
- European colonies in Asia and other
continents were weakened after WWII and
decolonization.
- Both North and South
Korea wanted to reunify
the peninsula
- The US feared that _Communism would
expand into Vietnam and other Southeast
Asian nations.
- The US indicated that it
would not actively defend
South Korea
- The US feared that communist parties
throughout the world were being aided
and organized by the Comintern of the
Soviet Union.
- The USSR encouraged
North Korea to invade
South Korea
-
Major military events during the Korean War
- North Korea invaded South Korea pushing all the way to Pusan.
- The US encouraged the UN Security Council to authorize an
international Military force to help defend South Korea.
- The USSR had boycotted the UN, therefore the USSR could not
veto the plan.
- The UN forces were led by the US and entered the conflict on June
30, 1950.
- UN and South Korean forces broke out of Pusan while General
MacArthur led the US landing at Inchon on Sept 15, 1950.
- The UN counteroffensive was successful in achieving the initial
goal of pushing N. Korea back across the 38th Parallel.
- Gen. MacArthur decided to push all the way to the Yalu River on the
border with China.
- 100,000s of Chinese troops entered the war on Nov. 4, 1950 and
pushed the UN/US forces South of the 38th parallel.
- The war turned into a Stalemate until July 27, 1953 when the
armistice was signed.
Results of Korean War on U.S. foreign policy
- Korean War has/has not ended.
- Beginning of war supports NSC - 68 report that concluded that the US
needed to buildup conventional land and sea forces.
- Development of the Domino theory that if one country falls to
communism then others will as well.
- USSR and China see US as an antagonistic adversary.
- Truman’s use of pres. power to send troops without congress’s “yes”
sets a long-term precedent
- US saw UN as a solution for international problems.
- US saw USSR as an enemy intent on world domination.
- Ike changed military policy from use of conventional forces to reliance
on Nuclearweapons and Massive Retaliation.
Results of Korean War on U.S. domestic politics
- Truman fired MacArthur resulting in Truman losing popular support. –
he did not seek reelection in the 1952 election.
- Americans greatly fear communism – led to theRed Scare and the rise
of Sen. Joe McCarthy.
- People lost jobs based on accusations only and then were blacklisted.
- Fear of nuclear war
- Americans built fallout-shelters and practiced air-raid drills.
- Anti-communists were elected in US
- Harsh anti-Communist laws were passed like the McCarran Act.
- Huge build up of Nuclear arsenal
- NASA was created in 1958 to build rockets
-Republican Party won elections 1952
Expansion of
Communism
Soviets Get
A- Bomb
China
Korea
Espionage
Rings
Alger
Hiss
E. Europe
Rosenbergs
Fear and Suspicion of Communism
in the US
HUAC
hearings
(1946-1954
McCarthyism
1950-54
FELP 1947
Blacklisting
“Witch”
Hunts
Cartoon of Cold War
The Cold War Comes Home
What were they
accused of?
How were they
affected by the
accusations?
Were the
accusations fair?
The Hollywood
Ten
Being supporters
and promoters of
communism in films
and not answering
Congress’ questions
They lost their
jobs and went to
jail for contempt
of Congress
No because being
a communist
cannot be illegal
in the US due to
the 1st
Amendment
Alger Hiss
At first spying for
the USSR, but later
lying to congress
about being a spy
He went to jail for
5 years for the
perjury charge
At first no, the
evidence was
fishy. But we now
know he was a
minor spy
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
Stealing nuclear
secrets
The were
executed
On the surface,
not really, but the
evidence now is
fairly
overwhelming
McCarthyism
What
motivated
McCarthyism?
Why did it succeed at first?
Motivated by
Fear : of communists in US, fear
personal desire
of being accused of being a
for political power communist, fear of the
consequences of accusations like
blacklisting, loss of elections,
social stigma.
Politically expedient : Congress
saw that supporting McC could
help w/ reelection and
opposition would result in
election loss.
Ike did not oppose McCarthy
(for the above reasons)
Why did it fall out
of favor?
McCarthy was seen in
the Army-McCarthy
hearings for who he
really was, a brutish
lout with no real
evidence. Once the
public saw him for
real, and Ike had
come out against him,
he was finished
politically.
Origins of Cold War Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
How did WWII lead to the Cold War?
Describe 2 of the purposes for the Marshall Plan.
What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?
Why did the Berlin Airlift occur?
What was the US concerned about in China in 1948?
How did USSR respond to creation of NATO?
Why were communist parties popular in Europe immediately
following WWII?
Explain two reasons for the incompatibility of communism and the
American system.
Origins of Cold War Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did WWII lead to the Cold War? USSR fear of invasion, dislike
of Truman, death and devastation, division of Europe and
Germany, no free elections
Describe 2 of the purposes for the Marshall Plan. to help Europe
rebuild to prevent spread of communism and help us economy
What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine? Containment
directly re: Greece and Turkey
Why did the Berlin Airlift occur? Soviet’s blockaded Berlin (entirely
in E. Ger) and we did not want Berlin to fall to communism
What was the US concerned about in China in 1948? Civil war b/t
communists and nationalists
Origins of Cold War Quiz
6.
7.
8.
How did USSR respond to development of NATO? Created Warsaw
Pact
Why were communist parties popular in Europe immediately
following WWII? Communism often sounds good to the poor and
homeless because it promises that everyone equally will have food,
a home and a job
Explain two reasons for the incompatibility of communism and the
American system. 1.Private property – only communal property, 2.
belief in god – no religion, 3. political and personal choice – no
choice, 4. limited government - totalitarian unlimited government,
5. spreading democracy & capitalism - world revolution to spread
communism -