WARM UP
• Wednesday, March 20, 2013
• Which process creates a protein
(RNA to protein)?
Bacteria
Notes
Objectives
1) Identify the parts of a bacterial cell.
2) Describe real world roles bacteria fill in
our environment.
REVIEW: 2 Kingdoms
1) Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria)
– Largest bacterial kingdom
– Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
2) Archaebacteria (Domain Archae)
– “ancient” bacteria
– Live in extreme environments
• ALL bacteria = PROKARYOTIC
– Simple
– No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Classification: Shapes
• Different shapes
1) Bacilli = rod shaped
2) Cocci = sphere shaped
3) Spirilla = spiral/corkscrew
shaped
Classification: Movement
• Types movement:
1) Non-motile = do NOT move
2) Motile = move around
a. Flagella = whip like structure
b. Gliding = secrete a slime
Classification: Grouping
• Types grouping:
1) “Diplo” = group of 2
2) “Staphylo” = grapelike clusters
3) “Strepto” = chains
Classification: Cell Wall
• Determined by Gram Staining
1) Gram positive = stain purple b/c have
peptidoglycan
- Thicker cell wall
- Less pathogenic
- Pathogenic = to cause disease
2) Gram negative = stain red b/c lack
peptidoglycan
- Thinner cell wall
- Generally more pathogenic
Classification: Metabolism
• Types:
1) Photoautotrophs = make own energy
- use sunlight & photosynthesis
2) Chemoautotrophs = make own energy
- use CO2 to make energy
- do NOT require light
3) Photoheterotrophs = make own food &
consume others
- use sunlight & photosynthesis
- take in organic materials
4) Chemoheterotrophs = consume others
- take in organic materials
Classification: Energy Release
• Types:
1) Obligate aerobes = require constant supply
O2
Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Tuberculosis , AKA TB)
Classification: Energy Release
• Types:
2) Obligate anaerobes = live w/o
O2
Ex: Clostridium botulinum
(botulism)
3) Facultative anaerobes = can
live w/ or w/o O2, but most live
w/o
Ex: Escherichia coli
(found in gut warm blooded
organisms)
Classification:
Growth & Reproduction
• Types:
1) Binary Fission = mitosis single-celled
organism
Classification:
Growth & Reproduction
• Types:
2) Conjugation =
exchange genetic
material from 1 bacterial
to another
Classification:
Growth & Reproduction
• Types:
3) Endospore Formation = used when growth
conditions are unfavorable
• Endospores sit dormant
• Conditions improve then reproduce
Importance of Bacteria
• Nitrogen Cycle:
Nitrogen fixation
– Take N2 gas from
atmosphere
– Convert to ammonia
NH3
• Decomposers
Importance of Bacteria
• Human uses:
– Make food such as yogurt & cheese
– Breakdown wastes in water (= bioremediation)
– Sprayed on oil spills to help break down
hydrocarbons
– Live in intestines to help w/ digestion & make
vitamins our bodies can’t make.
Antibiotic Resistance Article
• Read article provided.
• The article has been divided into 4
sections.
• Summary #1 Mandatory; then pick one of
the remaining 3. ( 2 total )
• Can complete remaining for extra stamps.
• Write a 9-12 word summary for each of
these sections.
• Each summary will be worth 1 stamp.
WARM UP
• Thursday, March 21, 2013
• What is a sequence of three
nucleotides which together form a unit
of genetic code in a DNA or RNA
molecule?
Objectives
1) Compare and contrast bacteria and
viruses
2) Describe how bacteria and viruses have
both positive and negative impacts on our
lives.
Viral Simulation Lab
• Follow instructions given by teacher.
• Complete class chart.
• Answer questions on provided paper. You
may use the back side of the sheet if
needed.
Where can I get tested for HIV?
• Planned Parenthood ( Dickinson )
• Texas Department of State Health
Services ( in Galveston )
Virus vs Bacteria Table
Characteristic
1. Living
2. Non-Living
3. Need host cell
4. Vaccinations for prevention
5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics
6. Made of prokaryotic cells
7. Can cause disease
8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes
9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB
Virus
Bacteria
Both
Virus vs Bacteria Table
Characteristic
Virus
1. Living
Bacteria
x
2. Non-Living
x
3. Need host cell
x
4. Vaccinations for prevention
x
5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics
x
6. Made of prokaryotic cells
x
7. Can cause disease
8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes
x
x
9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB
Both
x
x
Virus vs Bacteria
Worksheet