Biology and Behavior
Our Behavior is largely
influence by our Biology
The Brain is
like the center control
BRAIN
The brain is a mass of billions of neurons
Three main parts of the brain
1. Brain stem
- is the lowest section of the brain which
connects it to the spinal cord.
2. Cerebellum
- is at the back of the brain stem and is
linked to it by nerve tracts.
3. Cerebrum
- it is the largest part of the brain.
Cerebrum - The largest division of the brain.
It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which
is divided into four lobes.
Cerebrum
Cerebru
m
Cerebellum
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
The Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into sections or
lobes.
The four lobes are:
1. frontal
2. temporal
3. parietal
4. occipital
Frontal Lobe
The Frontal Lobe Controls:
1. Motor Functions
2. Higher Order Functions
3. Planning
4. Reasoning
5. Judgment
6. Impulse Control
7. Memory
3 Divisions
1. Prefrontal Cortex
- Controls the expression
of personality, planning
and cognitive processes
- Lobotomies
2. Motor
3. Premotor Areas
Motor and Premotor areas
deal with voluntary muscle
movement
Functions of the Temporal Lobe:
1. Hearing
2. Memory
3. Speech
4. Emotional Responses
5. Visual Perception
Temporal
Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe
The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to
the Parietal Bone of the skull.
• It plays a major role in the following
functions/actions:
- Senses and integrates sensation(s)
- Spatial awareness and perception
(Proprioception - Awareness of
body/ body parts in space and in
relation to each other)
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe
The Occipital Lobe of the
Brain is located deep to the
Occipital Bone of the Skull.
• Its primary function is the
processing, integration,
interpretation, etc. of VISION
and visual stimuli.
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/18.tif.jpg
The
Nervous
System
Nervous System
•
Responsible for regulating 5 things
1. Internal functions
2. Reactions
3. External Events
4. Learning
5. Memory
2 Major Components of
the Nervous Sytem
1. The Central Nervous System
2. The Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
- Transmits messages from Brain to
Muscles and glands throughout
body
- Made up of 2 parts
1. Brain
2. Spinal Chord
The Peripheral
Nervous System
(PNS)
Sends messages between the CNS and all other parts of the
body
•
Divided into 2 parts
1. Somatic
• Communicates with the skin and skeletal muscles.
2. Autonomic
Communicates with smooth muscles, heart muscle and
glands.
= body
Somatic •• Soma
Controls
• Muscles
Nervous • Tendons
• Joints
System • Voluntary functions
Made up of a multitude of Afferent and
Efferent neuron pairings
Afferent vs. Efferent
Neurons
Afferent neurons
• Incoming – sensory
neurons
• Examples: Skin
Efferent Neurons
• Outgoing neurons –
motor neurons
Afferent and Efferent
Explained a little
Afferent neurons are like the little
differently
brother who gets picked on and
then goes and calls on his bigger
brother (Efferent neurons) to come
and take care of business.
Afferent – the messenger https://www.youtube.com/
Efferent – the muscle
watch?v=EjBPUdLOVHU
Autonomic Nervous
System
The Involuntary control center
Example: Shine a light in
someone’s eye, the eye
dilates
Divided into 2
systems:
1. Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic
Sympathetic Branch
1. Expands energy when
body needs it
- Ex: getting a 2nd wind
2. Responds in sympathy of
hard times (instinctual
emotional response)
3. Speed up body processes
when necessary
- Ex: adrenaline rush
Adrenaline!
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=IE6an0WtjmI
Fight or Flight
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gLoivg6EJs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
VQUv37Tl1qc
Parasympathetic
Branch
- “Para” means “alongside”
- Mends and restores the energy that you’ve lost
- Often happens when you’re unconscious
- Ex: Sleeping
- Ex: Passing Out after adrenaline rush
- Ex: Getting light-headed after workout =
your nervous system telling your body to
slow down
Chemicals and hormones
and their transmission
throughout our body
influence behavior,
cognitions and emotions
Neuron