Read Lincoln’s second inaugural address:
Answer the following:
What is the tone of the address?
Who is Lincoln addressing?
What strikes you most about the address?
How does it compare to political speeches you have heard before?
In light if this document, why do some say that
Lincoln’s death was a tragedy for the South?

Lincoln's SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS (ABRIDGED)
If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through
His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and
South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said "the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether."
With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as
God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.

Lee with his son after the surrender
Lee with his son after the surrender
After opposing secession, General Robert E. Lee accepted a commission in the Confederate army and commanded the Army of Northern Virginia for most of the war. Photographer
Mathew Brady took this picture of Lee (center), his son Major General G.W.C. Lee (left), and his aide Colonel Walter Taylor (right) eight days after Lee's surrender to General Grant. The forlorn expression on the general's face vividly demonstrates the agony of defeat. (Library of
Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

• Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on
April 14, 1865, five days after Lee’s surrender
• First president to be assassinated in US history
• 7 million Americans, 1/3 of North’s population, viewed funeral train

Title: Assassination of President Lincoln at Ford's Theatre
Year: 1865 Creator: H.H. Lloyd & Co.

• Northern Economy outperforms the South’s
– North is more industrialized
– North has more workers
– North has more transportation
• Northern states stay united; Lincoln is able to control dissent
• North has more population
– People to work
– Men to fight

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin moves people of England and France to oppose their governments joining the South and breaking the Union blockade/Anaconda Plan.
• Britain relies on Union grain shipments to off-set shortages (King Corn defeats King Cotton)
• Trent and Alabama crises: these violations of neutrality threaten war with Britain/Canada. Diplomacy succeeds and Britain pays damages.
• Confederacy has same problems as Articles of
Confederation – weak central government
• Jefferson Davis not popular, threatened w/ impeachment

IN THE NORTH:
• Economy booms and grows
• Institutes income tax for 1 st time
• Construction of national railroad system
• Creation of national banks
• Instituted the “greenback” currency
• 179% inflation rate in 1865
IN THE SOUTH:
• Economic collapse
• Percentage of national wealth drops from 30 to 12%
• Income is 2/5 of Northern average
• 9,000% inflation rate at end of war!!!

• Nullification and Secession now defunct,
BUT states’ rights STILL VERY MUCH ALIVE.
• Emancipation and Thirteenth Amendment end slavery
• Power of the federal government greatly expanded
• Republican democracy proven viable to world
• Over 600,000 dead
• Over 1,000,000 wounded
• Over 3,000,000 men in uniform for 4 years (=10% of total population)
• $15 billion direct costs (higher indirect costs)
• War debt and caring for wounded veterans consumes the federal budget for the next several decades

• Invention of rifle and minié ball  deadlier wars
• Cavalry becomes obsolete
• End of massed infantry charges (Pickett’s charge)
• Beginning of trench warfare
• End of wooden ships – age of ironclads begins

• Slavery ended
• 600,000 dead
• 1,000,000 wounded
• $15 billion direct costs (higher indirect costs)
• Nullification and Secession now defunct
• Republican democracy proven viable to world

During the war Lincoln violated the Constitutional limits on his powers:
1. Initiated blockade w/o advice/consent of Congress
2. Increased size of army w/o advice/consent of
Congress
3. Appropriated funds w/o advice/consent of Congress
4. Suspended habeas corpus
5. “supervised” voting in border states (intimidation)
6. Violated freedom of the press
7. Uses total war against South? Will it jeopardize the peace?
Also, the DRAFT: Was it necessary? Just?

THINGS TO STUDY:
• IDENTIFICATIONS
• DATES: EMANCIPATION, Ft. SUMTER, MAJOR BATTLES, LEE’S
SURRENDER, LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION
• QUESTIONS AT BEGINNING OF CHAPTER NOTES
• NOTES
• TIMELINE
• ESSAY TOPICS:
A. EMANCIPATION (CHART) & ROLE OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS
B. KEY TURNING POINTS
C. NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STRATEGIES…
WHAT THEY WERE, WHY FAILED/WHY SUCCEEDED?
D. COMPARE/CONTRAST GENERALS