Study Guide for Unit 2 (Ch.4, 5 & 6)
Chapter 4 Module 9
Sensation
Bottom-up Processing
Perception
Top-down Processing
Thresholds
Absolute Threshold
Difference Threshold
Just Noticeable Difference
Signal Detection Theory
Stimulus Variables
Environmental Variables
Organismic Variables
Sensory Adaptation
Sensory Adaptation
Selective Attention
The Visual System
Electromagnetic Energy
Wavelength
Psychology
Hue
Amplitude
Cornea
Iris
Pupil
Lens
Nearsightedness
Farsightedness
Retina
Receptor Cells
Rods
Cones
Fovea
Bipolar Cells
Ganglion Cells
Optic Nerve
Blind Spot
Trichromatic (three color) Theory
Subtractive Process
Additive Process
Color-Blindness
Opponent Process Theory
Hearing
Pitch
Hertz (Hz)
Loudness
Decibels (dB)
Auditory Canal
Eardrum
Tympanic Membrane
Ossicles
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup
Cochlea
Oval Window
Hair Cells
Auditory Nerve
Sound Localization
Other Senses
Taste
Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salty
Supertasters
Nontasters
Smell
Olfactory Cells
Touch
Pain, Warmth, Cold, Pressure
Kinesthetic Sense
Vestibular Sense
Chapter 4 Module 10
Organizational Principles
Perception
Gestalt
Figure-Ground Relationships
Figure
Ground
Grouping
Similarity
Proximity
Closure
Continuity
Depth Perception
Visual Cliff
Binocular Cues
Monocular Cues
Retinal Disparity
Convergence
Relative Size
Relative Motion
Interposition
Relative Height
Texture Gradient
Relative Clarity
Linear Perspective
Motion Perception
Stroboscopic Motion
Phi Phenomenon
Perceptual Constancy
Size Constancy
Shape Constancy
Lightness Constancy
Perceptual Set
Schemes
Context
Illusions
Müller-Lyer Illusion
Ames Room
Chapter 5 Module 11
Motivation
Historic Explanations
Instincts
Drives
Drive-reduction theory
Biological Explanations
Arousal theories
Arousal
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Homeostasis
Cognitive Explanations: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Clinical Explanations
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Belongingness and love needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization
Achievement motivation
Henry Murray
David McClelland
Task leadership
Social leadership
Hunger: A Closer Look
Glucose
Insulin
Leptin
Orexin
Set point
Basal metabolic rate
External incentives
Eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Chapter 5 Module 12
Theories of Emotions
Emotions
Physiological activation
Expressive behaviors
Conscious experience
William James
Carl Lange
James-Lange Theory
Walter Cannon
Cannon-Bard Theory
Cognitive appraisal
Stanley Schachter
Two factor theory
Physiological arousal
Cognitive label
Robert Zajonc
Amygdala
Richard Lazarus
Conscious awareness
Unconscious
Fear: A Closer Look
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
Fight or flight
The Expression of Emotion
Nonverbal communication
Body language
Display rules
Chapter 6 Module 13
Stress
Stress
Stressor
Stress reaction
Health psychology
Walter Cannon
Fight or flight response
Hans Selye
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Alarm reaction
Resistance
Exhaustion
Physical deterioration
Hippocampus
Burnout
Effects of Perceived Control
Perceived control
Uncontrollable stress
Stress hormones
Stress and Disease
Type A personality
Type B personality
Healthy Lifestyles
Martin Seligman
Wellness
Social support
Faith factor
Correlation
Positive Experiences and Well-Being
Positive psychology
Well-being
Flow
Happiness
Optimism
Pessimism
Explanatory style
Overcoming Illness-Related Behaviors
Nicotine
Addictive
Withdrawal
Obesity
Body mass index
Set point
Things to consider
“Bart is 12 and he wants to look cool. He has decided that smoking will help him
achieve this image, and he’s pinched a pack of his Dad’s cigarettes. Each day on the
way home from school, Bart smokes one or two cigarettes, and he’s now very happy
that he can inhale without choking.” In Four to five sentences please explain to Bart
the risk’s he’s taking.
“What is the principle on which Abraham Maslow constructed his hierarchy of
needs?”- Please use four to five sentences to explain the differences between these
two entities.
“What was the main contribution that the Gestalt psychologists made to the study of
perception? How did Gestalt view differ from the approach Wilhem Wundt”- Please
use four to five sentences to explain the differences between these two entities.