Julius I. Agboola, PhD
University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Lagos State (City) Coastline
Maritime shoreline of about 180km


Situated within latitudes 6̊ 23′N and 6̊ 41′N and longitudes 2̊
42′E and 3̊ 42′E

Located within the flat lying coastal plain of south western
Nigeria
 Hub of business and economic development in Nigeria,
 housing around 65 per cent of the country’s industrial establishments,
 more than 65 per cent of all commercial activities and
 around 60 per cent of Nigeria’s non-oil economy

A classic example of a modern city, having transformed from a small farming and fishing village in the fifteenth century to a burgeoning megacity in 2010.


Changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area (residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use)
198685.4 square kilometers (43.36 per cent)
2002 - 111.9 square kilometers (56.8 per cent)
 Natural vegetation cover (including mangrove and swamp thicket)
198659.2 square kilometers (30.1 per cent)
200238.3 square kilometers (19.4 per cent)
 Naturally occurring water bodies (including the ocean, lagoons and streams)
198652.4 square kilometres (26.6 per cent)
200246.9 square kilometres (23.8 per cent)

Administrative Classification:
Lagos state
Lagos State-
Capital: Ikeja
Five divisions: Lagos, Ikorodu, Ikeja, Epe, and Badagry.
1991: Subdivisions into 20 Local Government Areas
2006: 37 Local Government Council Areas.


Grew from 305,000 inhabitants in 1950 to 5.3 million in 1991 and 9.1 million in 2006

The rate of population growth is about 600,000 per annum with a population density of about 4,193 persons per sq. km.

In the built-up areas of Metropolitan Lagos, the average density is over 20,000 persons per km2

The population density in the ( Ajeromi, Ifelodun Local
Government Area ) of 60,204 per km2

Lagos City Development (1984-2010 )

Classification of Income levels

Growth of metropolitan Lagos (1900–present) and location of coastal slum communities
Adapted from Gandy, M (2005)


Lagos metropolis recorded the first flood in early 1970s and till date, floods (both river and coastal floods) have become perennial event in the state.

October 2010about 700 inhabitants of settlements along the
River Ogun in Lagos state were evacuated to refugee/relief camp by the Lagos State Emergence Management Agency after a devastating flood

July 2011 flood in Lagos
 June 2012 flood in Lagos

Statistics confirms that between 2011 and 2012, more than
150 billion naira (about $1 billion) was lost in Lagos

Storm Surge- Severe Coastal Erosion

Elevation of Lagos State above Sea Level
Source: Triple “E” System Inc. 2010


Disconnection between urban infrastructure and the populace

Lagos urban city planned before the establishment of regional town planning and urban development

The urban infrastructural decay such as poor road network, lack of portable water supply, bad drainages and canals, poor housing and poor waste management systems

Inadequate urban renewal policies as well as poor action plans on urban regeneration projects
 Urban settlers lack the willingness to accept urban renewal projects in Nigeria as a result of poor communication amongst stakeholders and concerned residents .

Lack of urban planning.


Had first urban slum renewal implemented in 1951 with a slum area of about 28.34 hectares (70 acres) in central Lagos

Comprehensive Urban Renewal Programme was launched in
2001 covering 750 hectares of largely swampy terrain.
.
Slum Redevelopment in Lagos Megacity, Before and After. Source: Lagos
State Government, Ministry of Information and Information and Strategy,
2010 .


The face of Lagos is changing as a result of a series of transformations effected by a new style of governance
(Democratic) adopted from 1999.

The current government of Lagos State made it mandatory to establish regeneration projects within the built environment
 The general concern is how to adapt into the government urban renewal plans without imposing further poverty,
particularly those living in urban slums.

Lagos emphasizes the adoption of public-private partnership
(PPP) projects as a mechanism for infrastructure delivery


Knowledge-based approach to critical reforms

Promoting sustainable development
 Budget Reform and Linkage with Government Activities

Institutional Reform for Efficient Service Delivery
 Partnership Building with Popular Participation and Private-
Sector Involvement


Emergence of Eko Atlantic City ( from 2008---till date)
Constructions
Design
2 Decades ago