 Thursday, March 24, 2016
A corporal in the 54th Massachusetts wrote to President Lincoln:
“Your Excellency, we have done a Soldier’s Duty. Why can’t we
have a Soldier’s pay?” What does this letter suggest about
conditions for black soldiers in the Civil War?
Agenda:
 TOTD
 Socrative Quiz
 When finished watch Crash course video
LINK here (write this down):
http://tinyurl.com/battlesoftheCW
 Notes p21: Civil War (it’s online
if you don’t get finished w/ quiz when I start)
 Info Check p21
 1 more day until Thanksgiving Break!
The average Civil
War soldier was 26
years old,
weighing 143
pounds and
standing 5'8" tall.
"Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily
pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman’s
two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of
blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said
three thousand years ago, so still it must be said “the judgments of the Lord are true and
righteous altogether.”--Abraham Lincoln, 2nd Inaugural Address
The American Civil War
1861-1865
**dates you MUST remember
Jan 1861: South secedes
 March 1861: (elected in 1860) Lincoln is inaugurated
 April 1861: Attack on Fort Sumter (1st shot of the CW)
 June 1861 -- West Virginia Is Born. Residents of the western

counties of Virginia did not wish to secede along with the rest
of the state. This section of Virginia was admitted into the
Union as the state of West Virginia on June 20, 1863.

January 1862: Lincoln issues a war order authorizing the
Union to launch a unified aggressive action against the
Confederacy. General McClellan ignored the order.
Major Generals to know





General Ulysses S. Grant: led during
the later years & his victory at
Appomattox Courthouse, effectively
ended the civil war.
George McClellan: led the Army Of
the Potomac during early years of war
General Ambrose Burnside: was a
soldier, an industrialist, railroad
executive and an inventor, eventually
becoming the governor of Rhode
Island as well as US Senator.
General William Tecumseh Sherman:
fought in many battles/best known for
taking Atlanta & his brutal“march to
the sea."
General George Custer: was a United
States Army officer who served in
both the CW & Indian wars, meeting
his end at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
General Robert E. Lee:
Commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia/ considered the
most successful confederate
general.
 General Stonewall Jackson: fought
brilliantly from First Bull Run to his
death at the battle of
Chancellorsville from friendly fire.
 General J.E.B. Stuart: a famous
cavalry commander known for his
reconnaissance (scouting)
 Lt Nathan Bedford Forrest: an
innovative cavalry commander,
and was the only General on either
side who began as a private.


General James Longstreet: 1st Corps
of the Army Of Northern Virginia/
considered one of the most capable
generals on either side
Shots Fired
-war begins at Fort Sumter, S.C.,
1861 (1st shots: no one died)
-Bull Run – 1st battle @
Manassas, Virginia
-July 1861
-Southern victory – Stonewall
Jackson
-proved the Civil War would be
a long, serious war
-Lincoln replaces general with
McClellan
-did not pursue the retreating
Union army
-citizens watched the battle
-had a picnic on the hill
Battle of Richmond
-A cautious McClellan waits too
long and fails to take Richmond
-Beat by Lee
-Lincoln fires McClellan
-Confederacy wins…
Second Battle of Bull Run
-Battle of Manassas
-Confederates win
-Lincoln reinstates McClellan
Antietam
-Sept. 1862
-Lee leads troops into border
state (Maryland) hoping for
support
-Lee’s battle plan is found by
Union soldiers
-bloodiest single day of the
war
-Union victory for McClellan
-Lee retreats to Va.
-21,000 casualties in one day
-Emancipation is declared
Vicksburg
-Nov. 1862
-Ulysses S. Grant (N. General)
-comin’ down the Mississippi
-Taking Vicksburg would be
“key”
-Many obstacles
-Grant surrounds city on the
Mississippi
-Siege of Vicksburg lasts +40
days
-try to split the south
Confederate Victories
-Confederates greatly
outnumbered but Lee still wins
-McClellan fired AGAIN
for not pursuing Confederates @
Antietam
union
- General Burnside leads
-Dec. 1862
-Fredericksburg – South wins
- Gen. Burnside is fired
-Replaced by Gen. Hooker
-May 1863
-Chancellorsville – S. wins again
-Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson is
killed
Gettysburg
-July 1863 – 3 day battle
-Lee invades North
-Little Round Top – Union is
forced to higher ground until
nightfall
-Cemetery Ridge – one of many
hills Union controlled
-Pickett’s Charge - destroyed
Confederate forces
 The Battle of Gettysburg left
approximately 7,000 corpses in the
fields around the town.
 Family members had to come to the
battlefield to find their loved ones in
the carnage.
-turning point of the war
as Lee is defeated
-Gettysburg Address given by
Lincoln several months later
South is Split
-July 1863
-Grant captures Vicksburg after
long siege
-Grant is called to command
Union armies
-relentlessly attacks Richmond
-Begins “Total War”
-demoralizes the South
Sherman’s March
-1864
-”March to the Sea”: 60k troops
from Tenn. to Savannah, Ga.
-Total War – looting and
destruction of anything valuable
“War is Hell”
-Forced evacuation of Atlanta
-burning of Atlanta
"I am tired and sick of war... It is only
those who have neither fired a shot nor
heard the shrieks and groans of the
wounded who cry aloud for blood, for
vengeance, for desolation. War is hell."
-destroy the will to fight:
destroying the Confederacy’s
will to fight
Grant in Pursuit
-1864 – election between
McClellan and Lincoln
-Lincoln wins
-Lee in retreat
- running out of troops
-Grant attacks repeatedly at
great loss of life
-Siege of Petersburg
-Burning of Richmond
-Lincoln wants speedy end to war
- “with malice towards none”
War’s End
-April 1865
-Grant surrounds Lee outside
Richmond
-surrender at Appomattox –
Appomattox Courthouse in
Virginia
-Surrender took months to
reach other generals
-Juneteenth Day!
11/19 TUESDAY
**write the BLUE fact on p22 in last box
Juneteenth:The oldest known celebration commemorating the
ending of slavery in the US. It celebrates the liberation of black
American slaves in Texas on June 19, 1865 News traveled so
slowly in those days that Texas did not hear of Lincoln's
Proclamation, which he gave on January 1, 1863, until more
than two years after it was issued! How do you think railroads
contributed to communication during this time?

What are we doing today?
 Quiz p21
 Battles Chart (due by Friday)
 Civil War Questions
 Vocabulary Due by Thursday