Chapter 7 Notes
Hawaii
The Last King of Hawaii - Kalakaua
• Bayonet
Constitution- July
1887 British and US
businessmen forced
the King to sign at
gunpoint, severely
restricted his power
and deprived most
Hawaiians of the
votes. Gave Pearl
Harbor to US.
• Queen LiliuokalaniBecame Queen in
1891 after death of
king, restored
monarchy, overthrown
by rebels
• Sanford B. Dole- sugar tycoon, 1st
president of the Republic of Hawaii
• Sphere of influence- geographic area
where an outside nation exerts special or
economic/political control
Alaska
• Purchased March 30,
1867 for US by
Andrew H. Seward to
keep up with
European scramble
for colonies and to
expand to Pacific
Ocean
• (questions)
• Jose Marti- leader in Cuba, exiled 1878
• Yellow journalism- sensationalist
reporting
• De Lome Letter- Spain’s minister to US
called President McKinley “weak and
catering to rabble”
USS Maine
• Feb. 15, 1898 –
mysteriously blew up in
Havana, Cuba harbor
killing 266 on board.
Headline was inciting
enemy but was not true:
Remember the Maine, to
Hell with Spain!
• Precipitated the SpanishAmerican War
• George Dewey- Commander of US
Navy’s Asiatic squadron, assigned to
attack Spanish fleet in Philippines
• Emilio Aguinaldo- leader of rebel army of
Filipino patriots who fought for
independence. 1st president of Philippines
• Rough Riders-Cavalry regiment
organized by Teddy Roosevelt in SpanishAmerican war
Spanish-American War
• 1868- Cubans revolted against Spanish rule.
Spain then exiled leaders of revolt. Forced
thousands into camps controlled by Spanish
army. 1/3 of Cubans died in camps.
• US declared war on Spain following the sinking
of the USS Maine and because of US desire to
grant Cuba independence.
• Spain gave up all claims to Cuba, Puerto
Rico, Guam and control of Philippines for
$20 million
• (questions)
• Platt Amendment- limited Cuba’s ability
to sign treaties with other nations. Gave
US right to intervene in Cuban affairs
• Protectorate- a country under control and
protection of another country
• Foraker Act- 1900 established that US
would appoint Puerto Rico’s governor and
upper house of legislature, voters appoint
lower house
• Porfirio Diaz- Dictator of
Mexico 1877-1910, brought
order to Mexico. Jailed
opponents, no freedom of
press, used army to keep
peace. Used money from
foreign investors for his
benefit and few Mexicans
received any.
• Francisco Maderoopponent to Diaz, wealthy
landowner but reformer,
jailed then fled to Texas to
declare Mexican revolution
and himself president.
• Emiliano ZapataLed band of rebels,
Zapatistas, seized by
force
• Francisco “Pancho”
Villa- Led revolts in
northern Mexico
against Diaz.
• Victoriano Huerta- Commander of
government overthrew Madero 1913 and
executed him. Declared himself president
but four rebel armies fought him.
• John J. Pershing- General sent to Mexico
to capture Pancho Villa, who had gained
popularity. With 10,000 troops couldn’t
find him. Led to Mexican resentment of
US. Search called off with the beginning
of WWI.
The Search for Pancho Villa
US and Mexican relations
deteriorate
• Tampico Incident: USS Dolphin went
ashore for supplies in Mexico, Port of
Tampico. US were arrested by soldiers of
Huerta. Apologized but US wanted more –
led to military force allowed.
• Battle of Veracruz: US Marines seized
city of Veracruz, expected to seize without
bloodshed. 17 US and 300 Mexicans
died.