Roanoke #1
• Date: 1585
• Roanoke Colony was the first English settlement in the
Americas and set the stage for further English
colonization.
• All of the colonists disappeared mysteriously and the
colony was abandoned.
• The only clue left behind was the word Croatoan
carved into a fencepost.
• The colonists may have assimilated with nearby
Native tribes.
• Pages: 25-26, 31
Jamestown #2
• Date: 1607
• Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
Jamestown was founded in Virginia.
• Jamestown was one of the first steps to English colonization of the
American East Coast and the formation of the Thirteen Colonies.
• Tobacco helped to make Jamestown profitable and further spurred
colonization of the area and the rest of the American East Coast.
• Pages: 32-35, 62
Massachusetts Bay Colony #3
• Date: 1628-1692
• Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English
founded in the region of New England.
• The colony was very successful and witnessed
much migration during the 1630s.
• Massachusetts Bay Colony was a strongly Puritan
colony and was one of the first Puritan
settlements in North America.
• Pages: 28, 37
St. Augustine #4
• Date: 1565
• St. Augustine was the first permanent
European settlement in the Americas and
would spur further attempts to colonize the
Americas.
• St. Augustine is located on the east coast of
Florida on the Atlantic Ocean and served as
a fort and a port.
• Originally controlled by Spanish, it changed
hands between Spanish, British and later
American control.
• Pages: 89
Plymouth Bay Colony #5
• Date: 1620-1691
• Plymouth Colony was a colony created by the Pilgrims fleeing
religious persecution.
• One of the first successful English colonies in the Americas.
• First sizable permanent English settlement in the New England
region
• Unlike other early English colonies like Jamestown, many of the
people that came to Plymouth were not entrepreneurs but those
seeking religious freedom and fleeing persecution.
• Eventually assimilated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Pages: 37
The Thirteen Colonies #6
• Date: 1607-1776
• The Thirteen Colonies were the English
colonies that revolted against British rule
and broke away to become the United
States.
• These colonies helped to form America
because of discontentment among the
colonists.
• American Revolution
• Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York,
New Hampshire, Connecticut, Maryland,
Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New
Jersey
• Pages: 31-52
Fort Duquesne #7
• Date: 1754-1758
• Fort Duquesne was a French fort at the
convergence of the Allegheny and
Monongahela rivers
• Fort Duquesne was an important fort
during the Seven Years War/French and
Indian War
• Fort Duquesne was a focal point for the
British because control of the fort would
mean control of the Ohio River
• The struggle for the fort led to the Battle
of Fort Necessity and the Battle of Fort
Duquesne
• Fort Duquesne was taken by the English
and a new larger fort was built
• Fort Pitt
• Present-day Pittsburgh is where Fort
Duquesne was
• Pages: 101
Proclamation of 1763 #8
• Date: 1763
• The Proclamation Line of 1763 was the imaginary line
drawn by the King of England past which the colonists were
not allowed to settle.
• The Line was at the edge of the Appalachian Mountains
• Could not move past Appalachians
• Put into effect after Seven Years War/ French and Indian
War
• Meant to prevent further conflicts with Natives
• Angered colonists and may have been a reason that
eventually led to the American Revolution
• Pages: 112
Northwest Territory #9
• Date: 1787-1803
• The land was given to the United States from
England after the American Revolution.
• Area around the Ohio River and the
Great Lakes.
• In 1787, the Northwest Ordinance organized
the territory and set guidelines for admission
to statehood.
• The Northwest Territory gave America
control and access of the Ohio River and
more land to expand.
• Present states: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota
• Pages: 146-147, 168, 185
Louisiana Purchase #10
• Date: 1803
• The Louisiana Purchase was the purchase
of a massive amount of land from France
• Made by Thomas Jefferson
• Louisiana Territory
• 828,000 square miles
• The Louisiana Purchase was made to make
the United States into a first-rate power
• Gave United States access to New
Orleans and the Mississippi River
• Opened up new markets for United
States commerce
• Louisiana Purchase helped the United
States gain power in the world
• More land to expand
• Pages: 189-190, 213-214, 229
Ohio River #11
• Date:1700s-1800s
• The Ohio River is a tributary of the Mississippi River
• The Ohio River was an important river because of
its position and access to other areas and markets
• Ohio River especially important during the Seven
Years’ War/French and Indian War
• Fort Duquesne and the struggle for control of
the Ohio River
• The Ohio River gives access to the Mississippi River
• Eventually used for trade and transport
• Pages: 185
Passage of Lewis and Clark #12
• Date: 1804-1806
• Lewis and Clark journeyed from St. Louis to
the Pacific Coast in Oregon in order to survey
the new land purchased from France in the
Louisiana Purchase and to find a route to the
Western part of America
• Secondary missions: study area’s plants,
animal life, and geography/establish
trade with local Indian tribes
• The Lewis and Clark Expedition helped to
open up expansion and migration to the
Louisiana Territory in the West
• Also opened up possibility of migration to far
Western areas of America like Oregon
Country
• Pages: 190-191
Missouri Compromise/ 36° 30’ #13
• Date: 1820
• The Missouri Compromise was a statute
that regulated slavery in the country’s
Western territories
• It prohibited slavery in the territories north
of 36° 30’ N parallel
• Except for the proposed slave-state of
Missouri
• The Missouri Compromise was meant to cut
of the spread of slavery in the territories,
which it effectively did until 1854 by the
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• The cutoff of the spread of slavery led
to the begin of sectionalist sentiment
that would progress until the Civil War
• Pages: 229-230, 332-333, 337
ID# 14 Adam-Onis Treaty Line aka Transcontinental Treaty
(February 22, 1819)
• A treaty that facilitated the
United States purchasing Florida
from Spain. Seen as a triumph of
American Diplomacy and added
to the rapid growth of
Nationalism. It showed that the
U.S. could go toe to toe with
European powers. The treaty was
a result of Andrew Jackson’s
unlawful invasion of Florida and
refusal to leave. Spain decided to
sell the land rather than fight for
it since Florida lacked troops and
was a financial burden. The treaty
set the western boundary for the
U.S. and prevented Seminole
Indians from invading Georgia.
Page 214,308
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adams_onis_map.pn
g
ID# 15 Ohio River (1783)
• The entire Ohio Valley was given to The
United States via The Treaty of Paris in
1783. The river and the surrounding valley
was claimed by both France and England.
This land dispute triggered the French and
Indian War. The river itself is incredibly
valuable since it can be used for
transportation. This helped encourage
westward expansion as it made it much
easier for settlers to reach the Western
Territories. In the 19th century the river
served as the southern border for the
Northwest Territory. As such it is
considered to be the western extension of
the mason-Dixon line and part of the
border between slave and free states. It is
estimated that thousands of slaves
crossed this border. Page 185
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ohioriver
map.png
ID# 16 Mississippi River
(1763)
• The Treaty of Paris (1763) states, "The
navigation of the river Mississippi, from
its source to the ocean, shall forever
remain free and open to the subjects of
Great Britain and the citizens of the
United States.” After this point the
Mississippi was frequently used for
transportation after the Louisiana
Purchase. A major element of the Union
battle strategy, the Anaconda Plan,
focused on the capture of the Mississippi
to divide the south. As a result many
battles such as Vicksburg occurred on or
near the river. It’s also the boundary for
the Indian Removal Act which forced all
Native Americans east of the Mississippi
to move east. Pages 148,173,185
http://steamboattimes.com/images/maps/map_miss
issippi_main610x1890.jpg
ID# 17 Oregon Trail (Established in the 1830’s, Widely
publicized by 1843)
• The Oregon Trail was an overland trail that was two thousand miles long. It carried
large numbers of American settlers. These settlers went on to establish new
settlements in Utah, Oregon, and California. The proclamation of Manifest Destiny
caused the Oregon trail to become the one of the most heavily used trails with over
400,000 settlers using it. The trail played a large part in the formation of territories
and eventual states like Utah and Nebraska. Eventually the trail was phased out and
replaced with the transcontinental railroad. Over time many offshoot trails formed
such as the California Trail, Bozeman Trail, and Mormon Trail. These other trails
helped to facilitate many bonanzas such as the gold rush in California. Page 312
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oregontrail_1907.jpg
ID# 18 Santa Fe Trail (Founded in 1822)
• The Santa Fe trail was a 900 mile long trail formed for the purpose of trading with
Mexico. Previously trade was impeded by the strict Spanish policies. However after
Mexico gained its freedom they liberalized the former policies. The Santa Fe was
the first international trail between the U.S. and Mexico. Although originally used
by merchants settlers began to use the path to reach south western territory like
Texas and New Mexico. Many of these settlers were from the South especially
those who moved to places like Texas. As a result slavery began to spread into the
territories albeit it was never as widespread as it was in the South. The trail also
served as the route used in the American invasion of New Mexico in 1846. Page
311
http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/santafetrailmaplarge.jpg
ID# 19 Mormon Trail (Mainly used from 1846-1869)
• The Mormon Trail stretched from Nauvoo, Illinois, the main settlement of the new
Mormon religion, to Salt Lake City, Utah. It was first used by Brigham Young who
led his followers away from persecution in Illinois to find a land they could settle
free from hatred and violence. After the initial settlement in Utah flocks of
Mormons rushed to join the others. This was because of the Mormon Trek a
massive migration to the “promised land”. Since Utah was somewhat isolated from
the other territories it began to develop its own culture. However over time Salt
Lake City became a stop on the way west for future travelers. The eastern portion
of the Mormon trail was composed of the older. Oregon trail. Pages 313-313
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mormon_Trail_3.png
ID# 20 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Signed on February
2, 1848)
• The image on the right depicts the land
gained from the treaty which including
present day California, Nevada, and Utah.
This land was acquired after the treaty
resolved the Mexican American War forcing
Mexico to give up important land claims.
The treaty also allowed for the later
Gadsden Purchase which bought land
necessary for the transcontinental railroad.
This new land allowed America to further
expand and encouraged westward
settlement and was a large factor in the
rising of nationalism. In exchange for the
land Mexico received $15 million. The
treaty also fueled Manifest Destiny. More
importantly it finally gave the U.S. access to
the Pacific trade theatre via new ports like
San Diego. Pages 317,319,324
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Guad
alupe_Hidalgo.png
ID# 21 Salt Lake Valley (Settled
by the Mormons July, 24 1847)
• As a result of Brigham Young and his
followers the Salt Lake Valley territory
came to be. Since the original settlers
were Mormons and it was the at the
end of the Mormon Trail the Salt Lake
region was almost entirely Mormon.
Also because of its location on the
Mormon and Oregon Trail it became a
rapidly growing settlement. With the
main settlement being Salt Lake City. As
a result Utah became an official territory
quickly and Brigham Young became the
first territorial governor in 1851. The
residents came into conflict with the
U.S. over issues like polygamy and
because of this the government sent
troops to intervene, however they never
arrived. Page 432
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1852_Stansb
ury_Map_of_Utah_and_the_Great_Salt_Lake__Geographicus_-_GreatSaltLake2-stansbury-1852.jpg
ID# 22 Nebraska Territory
(May 30, 1854, until
March 1, 1867)
• Nebraska was officially admitted
to the Union as the State of
Nebraska on March 1, 1867. The
territory was created by the
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
However the act repealed the
previous Missouri Compromise
allowing the settlers of the new
territories to bring slavery with
them. This was because of
popular soveirgnty allowing the
settlers to determine whether the
territory should be free or slave.
As a result fighting broke out
between Pro- slavery and antislavery settlers. The slavery
debate had become central to
U.S. politics. Pages 330,337-338,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1855_Colton_Map_of
_Kansas_and_Nebraska_(first_edition)_-_Geographicus__NebraskaKansas-colton-1855.jpg
ID#23 Fort Sumter (Battle of Fort Sumter April 12–14,
1861)
• The battle at Fort Sumter was
the first conflict of the Civil War.
The fort was in Southern
Carolina which seceded from
the Union on December 20,
1860 and demanded that all
federal property be handed
over. By the time Lincoln took
office Sumter was one of two
remaining forts in the South.
When the South laid siege Lincol
was faced with the dilemma to
send aid to the fort and trigger
war or wait for the South to
declare war to mainatin public
image. Lincoln waited and the
fort fell on April 14. War
declared April 15. Pages 362,364
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sumter.jpg
ID#24 Vicksburg (Siege of Vicksburg May 18 – July 4,
1863)
• Vicksburg was situated at a
choke point along the
Mississippi making it vital in
the Union’s effort to seize the
river. The siege of Vicksburg
was the final step in the
Anaconda plan. After
attempts to attack from the
water and the north failed
Grant decided to lay seige
from the south and after six
weeks Vicksburg fell on July
4, 1863. Coincidentally the
fighting at Gettysburg ended
around the same time. The
wins at both Gettysburg and
Vicksburg changed the tide of
the war. Page 378
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Vicksburg,_Kurz_
and_Allison.png
ID#25 Gettysburg
(Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3 1863)
• Gettysburg was a result of
General Lee leading his army
into Pennsylvania. He
unintentionally encountered
the Union troops stationed
there. The ensuing battles had
the highest death toll of any
during the war. The high
casualties were a result of
Pickett’s charge which had
12,500 men charge across ¾ of
a mile of open fields. After the
bloody battle Lincoln gave his
famous Gettysburg Address
which helped to unify the
Union. Signaled the end of the
war and imminent Union
victory. Pages 360,378
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FieldOfGettysburg1863.
PNG
ID#26 Antietam (Battle of Antietam aka Battle of
Sharpsburg September 17, 1862)
• Commonly known as the
bloddiest day of the war with
over 23,000 casualties. The
battle of Antietam, Maryland
ended Lee’s first push North.
Lee’s battle plans were
discovered yet McClellan did
nothing, and as a result many
men died. Shorty after this
battle Lincoln was able to sign
the Emancaption
Proclamation, shifting the
focus of the war to slavery.
The defeat of Lee prevented
any foreign intervention from
Britain or France. Without any
aid the South was doomed to
fail. Pages 372-374
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Antietam.png