EVERGREEN AMERICA
CORPORATION
FACT OR FRICTION
The Most Advanced Technology In Lubrication
Represented by:
Will Monsell, President
GREEN ENERGY PRODUCTS, LLC
Damariscotta, Maine
©Evergreen America Corporation, 2003, 2004
Lubrication
Lubrication is the act of applying lubricants and lubrication
substances which are capable of reducing friction between
moving mechanical parts
Meta l Sub stra te
Meta l Sub stra te
Asperities
All surfaces, no matter how smooth they may appear to the unaided
eye, when sufficiently magnified are rough and uneven. This
unevenness is know as asperities.
Asperities
Asperities when rubbed together generate particulate
Friction Consumes Power
Friction is the resistance to relative motion between two
bodies in contact. According to the Department of
Energy, 62.4% of energy is lost to friction in the engine
resulting in the loss of fuel, horsepower & components
Greatest friction occurs by particles the same size as the oil film thickness
Adhesion and Cohesion
Adhesion is the property of a lubricant that causes it
too stick or adhere to the parts lubricated.
Cohesion is the property which holds a lubricant
together and resist a breakdown of the lubricant
under pressure.
Moving Surface
Adhesion
Cohesion
Oil molecules
Oil molecules slide over each other
Relationship of Friction, Cohesion,
Adhesion and Lubrication
Friction always consumes power and produces heat
Any fluid when placed between two surfaces tends to keep
them apart and change sliding friction into fluid friction, thus
they are said to be lubricated
The extent to which lubrication reduces the friction between
two surfaces is governed by two factors: 1) The selection of the
fluid which has the best proportion of cohesive & adhesive
properties. 2) The amount of pressure between the two
surfaces
To insure lubrication, the layer of fluid must be kept intact, the
greater the pressure the more difficult this becomes
3 Common Types of Wear as a Result of Friction
(1) ABRASIVE WEAR
(3) SURFACE FATIGUE
Stress Risers
Cutting away
(2) ADHESION
Weld Junctions
Surface Roughness
Denting Affect
*High pressure pump
*Bearings
*Gears
*Rings & cylinders
*Valves
*Seals
Tribology
Since the late 1960’s the field of Tribology – the study of
friction, wear and lubrication in fluid systems - has
developed sophisticated tests to gain much knowledge into
the effects of friction and ways to reduce friction in order
to reduce wear, heat and particle contamination.
The Problem
Thus far you have seen the effects of friction and the challenge facing
lubricants under pressure, heat and particle contamination
Friction and heat cause the destruction of asperities
resulting in metal particles interrupting the oil film
between two surfaces generating more particles
These particles react with moisture, impurities and
lubricant additives creating corrosive acids that
further pit the surface creating new asperities
These acids oxidize the lubricant, accelerate wear
and rapidly deteriorate the functions of the lubricant
resulting in the 3-common wears in the fluid system
PARTICLES UNDER 5µ CAUSE THE MOST COMPONENT DAMAGE
-Dr. E. Rabinowicz of M.I.T. (American Society Of Lubrication Engineers 1981)
5 Functions of the Lubricant
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Friction Reduction
Seal
Heat removal
Cleanse
Absorb Shock
Challenge of the Lubricant
A good lubricant must reduce particulate wear from
the interaction of metal-metal contact
Even the best lubricants degrade over time, as a
result of friction and chemical in the additive package
reacting with particulate, moisture, heat and oxygen
resulting in acidic properties
These acids react with the metal surface causing
micro-pitting (asperities) and the vicious cycle begins
anew
The very anti-wear additive package designed to
protect metal-metal contact, turns acidic and become
part of the problem
The Downfall of Lubricants
The typical downfall of a lubricant occurs as a result
of an imperfect, temporary and sacrificial boundary
layer between surfaces allowing asperity-asperity
contact thus introducing particulate into the lube
Heat, moisture, air, and metal particulates combined
with certain additives interact causing acids which
micro pit the surfaces and oxidizes the oil
The efficiency & longevity of a lubricant dramatically
increases as the asperity-asperity contact decreases
The goal is to reduce friction through a solid and
permanent boundary layer on the surfaces
Boundary Additives
The intent of boundary additives are to form a boundary layer
of molecules to prevent surface-surface contact
Additives in use are Graphite, Molybdenum, Zinc, Phosphorous,
and Sulfur
Downside of these additives are their chemical reaction with
metal and other contaminates such as moisture causing them to
become acidic, corrosive and a part of the problem they are
intended to solve
These additives are also highly toxic; such as Zinc that is linked
to cancer and other illnesses
The field of Tribology over the years has researched for a solid
boundary lubricant that is biodegradable and permanent.
The Present Condition of Friction
Loss of horsepower or power in hydraulics
Graduated loss of fuel economy
Frequent oil drains due to degradation
Component wear
Increased emissions
Rising maintenance cost
Rising labor cost
Dept. Of Energy
“Wear promoted by particles (under 10µ) leads to diminished fuel efficiency,
reduced component life, oil service, and power output”
-Needelman, Filtration For Wear Control & Affects of Contamination
18% Decrease in Horsepower
Extending oil drains without friction protection
this engine dropped from 365 HP to 300HP
Cummins engine
America's First National Laboratory
THE
DISCOVERY
The “Big Bang” Discovery In
Friction Reduction Technology
Following years of research in support of the US
space program, a discovery in 1990 by scientist
at the prestigious Argonne National Laboratory
redefined the potential of lubrication technology
Argonne Website: www.anl.gov
The Discovery
In 1991 the DOE patented boric acid as a solid boundarylayer lubricant. Developed by Dr. Erdemir, Boron CLS Bond
was the result of years of research at the Argonne National
Laboratories Tribology Department under the Department of
Energy
Winner of the prestigious R&D 100 award
Holds a U.S. DOE Government patent #5,431,830
BORON CLS BOND has been tested worldwide under the
harshest conditions with millions spent and producing the same
consistent results every time
Written up in Journals of Tribology. Lubrication Engineers and
many other publications as a self replenishing solid boundary
lubricant
The Technology
Biodegradable Boric Acid is used to form a
permanent solid boundary layer lubricant
on Metal Surfaces
NO additive in oil has the ability to form a
permanent solid boundary layer
Step One: Boric Acid is Introduced
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC ACID
METAL SUBSTRATE
A new permanent surface is about to be created
Step 2:
Interaction between Boric Acid, moisture and the
metallic substrate forms Boric Oxide
H2O
METAL SUBSTRATE
AIR
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
Step 3:
Boric Oxide bonds to the metallic substrate
and forms a solid surface barrier on the substrate
preventing metal-to-metal contact.
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC OXIDE
Boric Acid
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
85% hardness of a diamond
Step 4:
Interaction between Boric Oxide and moisture
reforms Boric Acid into crystalline platelets
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC ACID
PLATELETS
BORIC OXIDE
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
An effective new technology protecting surfaces
Step 5:
Crystalline Boric Acid Platelets
Form Crystal Lattice Structure - CLS
Electron microphotograph of
boric acid Crystal
Lattice Structure
(15 micron field
Of view)
Like a deck of brand new playing cards sliding over each other
Step 6:
Boric Acid platelets align themselves parallel
to the metal surface and conform to the direction
of movement
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC OXIDE
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
“70% of component replacement is the result of surface
degradation” –Dr. Rabinowitz, MIT at American Society of Engineers workshop
NO LUBRICANT CAN ACHIEVE THIS LOW COEFFICIENT
Virtually eliminates particle generation
EXTREME LOW FRICTION
COEFFICIENT* LESS THAN
0.01% (80% REDUCTION IN
FRICTION)
*The ratio of the force that maintains contact between
an object and a surface and the frictional force that
resists the motion of the object.
Step 7:
Weak van-der-Waals forces* between the
crytalline layers allows very low friction movement between layers
METAL SUBSTRATE
Weak interplatelet
bonds
BORIC OXIDE
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
*A weak attractive force between
atoms or nonpolar
molecules
Resists High Pressure
LOAD
EXTREME PRESSURE PERFORMANCE
Extreme hardness of crystalline structures prevents
metal-to-metal contact when load is applied
LOAD
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC OXIDE
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
Step 8:
Self-renewing cycle: Interaction between Boric Acid, Boric Oxide,
Air and Moisture leads to self-replenishing cycle.
BORIC ACID
AIR +
MOISTURE
MOISTURE
BORIC OXIDE
Lubrication Performance
Friction Coefficient Less Than 0.01
Timken Load Greater Than 90+
Reduces wear up to 90%
Reduces Friction up to 80%
Increases Engine Efficiency 5-7%+
Increases Fuel Efficiency 2-12%+
Reduces Friction Heat 40-50%
Added Values
Biostat
Anti-Corrosive
Anti-Oxidant
Reactive Coating
Water Resistant
Displaces carbon, varnish and sludge
previously built up in Engine/machinery
Prevents deposit formation in new engines
TEST RESULTS
Visit test results at
http://www.evergreenamerica.com/technology/test.html
Partial Test List
Pin on disk
Ball on three disk
Friction Coefficient
HFRR
Engine test:
Fuel consumption,
emissions, horsepower
Scar width
Spectrographic analysis
Timken load
Corrosion
Oxidation
Prevention & protection
from deposit formation
… And more
Engine Oil Treatment Test
Test performed at BNM Research, Sweden in March 2002
Test indicated a 5% reduction in fuel consumption. Long term
benefits are reduced wear due to reduced friction
Significant reduction of metal residue in drain oil
Significant reduction of corrosion
Diesel Fuel Treatment Test
Test performed at BNM Research, Sweden in March 2002
Results indicate a >5% increase in fuel economy
Long term reduced wear, due to reduced friction
Lower emissions (HC)
Pin On Disk Test
With diesel fuel treatment, grease, gear/engine
treatment combined with different ceramic compounds
Low sulfur diesel fuel
without Boron CLS Bond
Low sulfur diesel fuel with
Boron CLS Bond Treatment
Corrosion
Standard comparative corrosion test using metal
in a corrosive environment
Boron CLS Bond resists corrosion even in salt water
Solvency Test
Test coupons immersed in
beakers for 4-days alternately
heating to @ 100C, lightly
stirring with coupon, cooling
& repeating.
Motor Silk sample displaced a
greater portion of the carbon
deposits leaving more visible
metal with a slight varnish
coating. Overall carbon thickness
reduced within 4-days.
Pennzoil
Pennzoil & Motor Silk
The most Advanced Friction
Reduction Technology Available
Argonne Tribology Labs has contributed the greatest
development in lubrication and friction reduction
technology available today. Taking advantage of the
Boron CLS Bond technology for your fluid system
will have the greatest impact for you financially,
mechanically, and environmentally.
Fluid Treatments to
Custom Formulations
Motor Silk for engines is a
10-1 dilution so 16 ounces
treats 5 quarts and is a
one time treatment
Some Companies Already Using
Allied Signal
Bartell Yachts
Bimba Corporation
Boeing Aerospace & Aircraft
Robert Bosch
Chem Tool
Enron Wind
General Petroleum
Haliburton Corporation
Henkel Chemical
Hitachi Refrigeration
Florida Light and Power
Ford Motor Company
Fujikoshi
Husqvarna
Idemetsu
Kaiman Aerospace
Marine Industries
Matsushita
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Mitsubishi Metals
Mitsui
Mabuchi Motors
Navistar
Neste/Fortum Oil
Nihon Chemical Kogyo
Nihon Victor Oil
Disney Florida
Plus Many More World Wide
Evergreen America Corporation
Proactive Maintenance Engineering
Thank you for your time investigating the most
advanced fluid system protection available anywhere
in the world
The Proactive Maintenance
Consultants
Visit www.evergreenamerica.com for more technical info.
NO RISK INVOLVED
Equipment Inventory Data
Cost Analysis (ROI within 2 weeks to 2 months)
Integrate on a monthly basis
Savings from present maintenance budget invested
into a permanent solution
Money Back Guarantee (pay for itself or money back)
In-House Performance Evaluation
We work with you every step of the way