QUESTION 1
Katie determined that mineral “X” made a
scratch on Calcite, but did not scratch Quartz.
What could be mineral “X?”
A.
B.
C.
D.
Talc or Gypsum
Gypsum or Calcite
Apatite or Orthoclase
Topaz or Diamond
QUESTION 2
What type of rock would most likely be found
near and around a volcano that had recently
erupted?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Magma
QUESTION 3
What formation process does an igneous rock go
through to become a sedimentary rock?
A. Cooling/Hardening and Extreme Heating
B. Weathering/Erosion, Compaction, and
Cementation
C. Weathering/Erosion, Melting, and Cooling
D. Heat, Pressure, Compaction, and Melting
QUESTION 4
Point B shows magma or lava becoming an
igneous rock. What formation process is
occurring at point B?
A. Weathering, erosion,
B. Cooling, hardening
C. Heat and pressure
D. Melting
QUESTION 5
Lorenzo found a rock and wrote the following
characteristics on a chart shown below. Based on
the chart, which type of rock did Lorenzo find?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Intrusive Igneous
QUESTION 6
Granite is a rock that is formed below the earth’s
surface and uplifted through geological processes.
Is Granite an intrusive or extrusive igneous rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Extrusive
Intrusive
Both A & B
Neither A or B
QUESTION 7
Which series of formation processes (listed in
order) transforms magma into granite, granite into
sand, and sand into sandstone?
A. Cooling/weathering/erosion/compaction/cementation
B. Melting/cooling/weathering/heat and pressure
C. Weathering/erosion/compaction/cementation/cooling
D. Weathering/erosion/compaction/cementation/melting
QUESTION 8
In the figure below, which type of rock will most
likely form through the formation processes
shown
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. Magma
QUESTION 9
What formation process is required to change a
metamorphic rock into a igneous rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cooling and hardening
Weathering, Erosion, Compaction
Heat and pressure, then melting
Melting, then cooling and hardening
QUESTION 10
Malik found a rock that had ribbon-like (foliated)
layers. The rock layers looked as if they were
squeezed. What type of rock did he most likely
find?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Magma
QUESTION 11
Based on the diagram below, what formation
processes cause sedimentary rocks to become
magma?
A. Cooling & crystallization then
Heat/Pressure
B. Heat/Pressure then melting
C. Heat/Pressure then Weathering/Erosion
D. Weathering/Erosion then cementation
QUESTION 12
Extrusive igneous rocks contain little or no crystals.
Why do extrusive igneous rocks lack crystals?
A.
B.
C.
D.
There were no minerals in the magma
The lava cooled slowly deep inside the earth
The lava cooled too quickly above the earth
The pressure was too great to make any crystals
QUESTION 13
Carlos saw lava flowing out of a volcano. What type
of rock will form and what is the formation process?
A. Intrusive sedimentary rock / cooling and
hardening
B. Extrusive sedimentary rock / heat and pressure
C. Intrusive igneous rock / weathering and erosion
D. Extrusive igneous rock / cooling and hardening
QUESTION 14
Which type of rock is formed when magma cools
and hardens below the surface of the earth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Intrusive sedimentary rock
Extrusive sedimentary rock
Intrusive igneous rock
Extrusive igneous rock
QUESTION 15
List the processes (in order) to change an igneous
rock to a metamorphic rock then to a sedimentary
rock.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cooling and hardening, weathering and erosion
Heat and pressure, weathering and erosion
Heat and pressure, cooling and hardening
Heat and pressure, melting
QUESTION 16
Which number(s) represent heat and pressure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1 and 2
Only 4
3 and 5
4 and 7
QUESTION 17
Which numbers represent weathering and
erosion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1 and 2
1, 6, and 8
3 and 5
4 and 7
QUESTION 18
At Red Top Mountain in Georgia, the soil color is
red. What has caused the soil color to become
red?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The sunlight changed the soil color
The plant roots changed the color
The iron in the soil has become rust
Nothing. The soil has always been red
QUESTION 19
Which layer contains the most fertile soil and
contains the decayed organic materials
(humus)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bedrock (Horizon D)
Sub Soil (Horizon B)
Organic Layer (Horizon O)
Top Soil (Horizon A)
QUESTION 20
Which of the following describes how rocks are broken
down by CHEMICAL WEATHERING?
A. Chemical reactions change the composition of the rock
into something different from the original.
B. Chemical reactions cause rocks to stay the same size
and only change the shape.
C. Rocks are broken into smaller pieces called sediments
without changing the composition.
D. Breaking down rocks as water flows over a waterfall
and causing abrasion.
QUESTION 21
In the illustration below, the arrow is pointed at
layer X. Which Earth layer does the letter X
represent?
A. Inner Core
B. Crust
C. Outer Core
D. Mantle
QUESTION 22
Temperature and density changes as you move
through the layers of the earth. Which statement is
true about temperature and density as you move
from CRUST to the CORE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Temperature decreases and density increases
Temperature increases and density decreases
Temperature and density both decrease
Temperature and density both increase
QUESTION 23
Based on the chart below, which layer BEST
represents the temperature range of the
MANTLE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Layer A
Layer B
Layer C
Layer D
QUESTION 24
How do we know what is inside the Earth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fossil evidence
Global positioning system
Studying earthquakes
Studying magnetic reversals
QUESTION 25
Each earth layer has a different composition. In
the diagram below, which layer is all liquid, what
is the layer name, and what is the liquid made
of?
A. Layer X, Mantle, Liquid Nickel
B. Layer Y, Outer Core, Liquid Copper
C. Layer Y, Outer Core, Liquid Iron
D. Layer Z, Inner Core, Liquid Iron
QUESTION 26
Which number(s) best describes the INNER CORE?
1. Hottest
2. Thickest
3. Densest
A.
B.
C.
D.
1, 3, and 6
1, 2, and 6
2, 4, and 5
3, 4, and 5
4. Semi-Solid Rocks
5. Liquid Iron
6. Solid Iron
QUESTION 27
Compared to the Earth's crust, the Mantle is
__________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Less dense and hotter.
Less dense and cooler.
More dense and hotter.
More dense and cooler.
QUESTION 28
What is the composition in the layer marked X?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hot, solid iron and some solid nickel
Hot, liquid iron and some liquid nickel
Cold, brittle rocks and subcontinents
Hot, semi-solid rocks and molten rocks
QUESTION 29
From highest to the lowest temperatures, which
is the correct order of Earth’s layers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Mantle, crust, outer core, inner core
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
QUESTION 30
Which statement is TRUE about the differences
between the inner core and the outer core?
A. The Inner Core is liquid and the Outer Core is
solid
B. The Inner Core is solid and the Outer Core is
liquid
C. The Inner Core is less dense than the Outer Core
D. The Inner Core is metal and the Outer Core is
rock
QUESTION 31
What causes the formation of new crust?
A. Two tectonic plates sliding past one another
B. Two continents colliding at a convergent
boundary
C. Oceanic plate subducting into the mantle
D. Magma rising and cooling at a divergent
boundary
QUESTION 32
Scientist hypothesized that Earth’s continents were once a single
landmass that broke apart. The model below shows South
America and Africa breaking apart over the last 200 million
years. What evidence best supports this model?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sea levels have changed in both continents
Sedimentary rocks were found in both continents
Similar fossils have been found in both continents
Africa has fossils not found in South America
QUESTION 33
The maps below illustrate various stages and
locations of the world’s continents. List the maps in
order of the continents from Pangaea to today?
A.
B.
C.
D.
X
Y
Z
Z
Y Z
X Z
YX
X Y
X
Y
Z
QUESTION 34
Which diagram below represents a
CONVERGENT boundary?
QUESTION 35
What event is occurring in the illustration
below?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Continental plate is sliding under an oceanic plate
Continental plate is colliding with a continental plate
Oceanic plate sliding under another oceanic plate
Oceanic plate sliding under a continental plate
CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE QUESTION
On the notebook paper provided, COMPARE and
CONTRAST the earth layers in terms of TEMPERATURE,
COMPOSITION, and DENSITY.
For each layer (crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core):
• Describe the composition (what they are made of)
• Describe what happens to temperature and density as
you move through the layers
• Describe how some layers are similar
EXTENDED RESPONSE QUESTION
Explain and describe in detail what you know about IGNEOUS,
SEDIMENTARY, AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS.
Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive
igneous rocks and how they are formed.
Be sure to include the following information about each rock:
Where they are formed,
How they are formed, and
What they look like.