Child Development: Chapter 3 Review
Section 1 - What is Parenting?
Authoritarian style
Democratic Style
Deprivation
Nurturing
Parenting
Permissive Style
Objectives:
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Explain how knowledge of child development is linked to reasonable expectations.
Distinguish among different parenting styles.
Identify ways to improve parenting skills.
Describe how to nurture children.
Main Points:
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Parents must learn to adapt their parenting skill over time because skills they need change as
children grow and develop and have different needs.
It is important to understand child development so you can have reasonable expectations of
children.
An advantage of taking a course in parenting would be an opportunity to learn from a
knowledge person. Also, you can gain exposure to varied parenting techniques.
Providing enrichment is part of nurturing because it gives a child a chance to grow and
development.
Caregivers should avoid talking down to a child because he or she may not listen, or feel a lack
of respect for the parent.
Section 2 – Guiding Children’s Behavior
Conscience
Guidance
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Self-discipline
Time-Out
Objectives:
-
-
Explain the importance of consistency in guiding the children.
Apply effective techniques for encouraging appropriate behavior.
Explain how and why to set limits.
Identify effective ways of dealing with misbehavior.
Main Points:
Guidance is connected to conscience, because guidance helps to develop conscience.
Consistency in guiding a child’s behavior is important because it shows that limits are real; and
maintains trust in the caregiver.
Four ways of encouraging appropriate behavior include: setting a good example, telling what is
expected, praising appropriate behavior, offering choices.
Four steps involved in setting limits include: showing understanding of the child’s desires,
setting the limit and explaining it, acknowledge the child’s feelings, and giving alternatives.
Punishment should be used when behavior is wrong in intentional and also after a warning has
been given.
The rule is one minute of time out for the same number of years the child is old.
Bribing is an ineffective form of discipline because it can lead children to misbehave on purpose.
Using words, speaking calmly, and counting to ten are acceptable ways to handle anger.
Section 3
Accreditation
Child care center
Family child care
Head Start
License
Montessori preschool
Nanny
Parent cooperative
Play group
Preschool subsidized child care
Objectives:
-
-
-
Explain why people need substitute child care.
Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the types of substitute care that are available.
Main Points
Reasons for people to choose substitute care include: working single parent, two working
parents.
Advantages of home care are easier for child to adapt ore convenient and fewer children
Advantages of family child care include home setting with social play.
A play group is where parents provide care in turns and a parent cooperative is when parents
provide care under professional’s guidance.
Parents can find after-school programs for school-age children through schools, religions groups,
and community groups.
The difference between child care center and preschool are a child care center care for infants
to three to four year old and preschools provide educational programs for three to five year
olds.
Parents should ask for references before deciding on substitute care to hear feedback from
parents who know the caregiver.