Grahame Applegate
Indonesia- Australia Forest Carbon Partnership
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation
February 25-27, 2013
Bandung, Indonesia

REDD+ demonstration activity in the Ex-Mega Rice Project area in
•
Central Kalimantan which aims to:
– Develop methodologies for REDD+ in peat swamp forests
– Inform UNFCCC negotiations on REDD+
– Facilitate Indonesian participation in future international carbon markets
Supported by a A$47 m commitment from Government of
Australia
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

KFCP, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Land Cover in KFCP Site in 2010
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

1. Physical and ecological interventions
(peatland rehabilitation- canal blocking, PSF nursery production reforestation, tatas blocking and alternative livelihood development )
2. Social and economic incentives
3. Baseline and changes to peatland carbon stocks and monitoring
4. Governance and payment mechanisms
5. Supporting research, M&E, and capacity building
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

• KFCP GHG emissions estimation and monitoring program established and linked to INCAS.
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

Develop a science-based methodology for estimating changes in forest biomass and
GHG emissions from peat lands
• Apply the methodology to estimate the pattern of historical forest changes and emissions
• Develop methods to forecast the effects of REDD+ interventions (canal blocking, fire management , reforestation, livelihooods) on changes to the forest and future GHG emissions
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

1. Tropical peat and green house gas emissions science
2. Peatland/forest and hydrology monitoring for inputs into the greenhouse gas emissions accounting model and changes to PSF
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

• KFCP has undertaken a comprehensive “Review of the science underpinning a methodology for GHG accounting in tropical peat lands”
• KFCP has developed a “Framework methodology for estimation of GHG emissions from tropical peat lands in Indonesia”
• Characterisation of peat including; bulk density, moisture content and ash content and ignition probability estimates
• Determine GHG emission factors from fire in tropical peat
• Develop a modelling platform to be used to establish the temporal pattern of carbon emissions for the KFCP site and surrounding region. The approach is consistent with IPCC GHG accounting methodology
• Understand degrading peat carbon loss dynamics in peatland
• Forest biomass and carbon content of peat swamp forests
(disturbance classes) including root biomass and root:shoot ratios
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

Long time monitoring to evaluate the impact of hydrological rehabilitation by:
• Groundwater monitoring using dipwells over 80 km of transect – 3+ years
• Establishing and monitor a series of steel subsidence poles and elevation surveys
• Regular monitoring of canal surface water tables using stream gauges
• Recording rainfall using rain gauges
• Measuring temperature of top soil on the transects
• Measuring canal discharges near the transects
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

Parameter Instruments Type
Groundwater Level Dipwell
Surface Water Level Staff Gauge, Diver
Transduser
Precipitation
Discharge)
Rain Gauge
Float
Number Instruments/Locations
460 locations (KFCP)
14 locations (MP-EMRP)
41 Locations (CKPP)
50 locations (KFCP)
3 Diver transducer (KFCP),
8 locations (MP-EMRP),
8 locations (CKPP)
5 locations daily measurements
12 locations monthly measurements
(KFCP)
50 locations
Methode
Manual, Bubble Tube
Unit cm
Frequency of
Monitoring
Monthly
Manual and Automatic
Logger cm Monthly and every 60 minutes for 3 locations
Loggertransducer
Manual mm Daily and monthly
Manual, Velocity Area
Method, Float m 3 /sec Monthly
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

Parameter
Land (Peat)
Subsidence
Temperature
Elevation
Peat Depth
Bulk Density
Moisture Content
Ash Content
Humification Degree
Root / woody below ground biomass
Instruments Type
Subsidence Pole
Digital thermometers
Water Level, Water Hose
Hand Auger
Soil Pits, Ring and Box
Sample
Soil Pits
Soil Pits
Soil Pits
Soil Pits
Number Instruments/Locations
68 Locations (KFCP)
3 Locations (MP-EMRP)
At each locations subsidence pole
About 80 km along transect monitoring hydrology and peat and about 70 km transect additional measurements of peat depth in Block E PLG
At each site installation and Subsidence dipwell pole, 293 observation points
(about 90 km long transect)
45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200 cm
45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm
45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm
45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm
45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm
Method Unit
-
Manual, Tape
(Steel) Measure mm
0 C
Manual, Water level cm
Frequency of
Monitoring
Monthly
Monthly
One time
Manual, 3 replication for each location
Gravimetric cm One time g/cm 3 One time
Gravimetric
Loss on Ignition
(LOI)
Manual, Von Post
Scale
Soil pits -
-
%
%
One time
One time
One time
One time
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

• Point density of 2/m 2 is sufficient
• Discrete return LIDAR has better accuracy than full-waveform for topography
• LIDAR used for subsidence monitoring - 5 to 10 years, cost-
IDR 18,500 /ha
• Peat dome shape for head heights for canal blocking
• LIDAR to determine DTM based on the minimum value in
100x100 m cells
• Determine extent of flooding along the Kapuas River
• Biomass determination
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

Comprehensive and reliable peatland data can only be obtained by:
• good design, planning, work plan, managing, and documenting data collection
• trained and experienced personnel under tight supervision
• credible and internationally accepted methodologies and practices
• SOP, guidebooks / manuals, and clear instruction on how to undertake the various monitoring tasks in the field
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

• Peatlands difficult to get consistently good quality data-all methods and information used for policy should be verified
• Clear relation between water table depth and carbon loss from oxidation and fire in space and time- supports canal blocking to reduce GHG emissions
• Lack of elevation and reliable peat depth lead to inaccurate assumptions on land suitability and vulnerability
• Solution- Lidar and other remote sensing in combination with credible field data(bulk density, elevation for DEMs and peat loss
International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia