The American Pageant
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 16
The South & The Slavery
Controversy
______________________
Chapter 17
Manifest Destiny
and Its Legacy,
1841-1848
• In 1850, the number of southern families
who owned over 100 slaves was
approximately
–
–
–
–
1. 120.
2. 10,000.
3. 25,000.
4. 1,700.
• In 1850, the number of southern families
who owned over 100 slaves was
approximately
– 4. 1,700
• Culturally, many slave-owning southerners
were great admirers and imitators of
–
–
–
–
1. the Russian nobility.
2. the Italian and French bourgeoisie.
3. the European medieval era.
4. the Japanese samurai warrior class and
culture.
• Culturally, many slave-owning southerners
were great admirers and imitators of
– 3. the European medieval era.
• In the decades before the Civil War, one of
the great economic problems the South
faced was
– 1. the increasing concentration of wealth in a
few hands.
– 2. the decreasing profitability of the slave
system.
– 3. the growing shift of southern capital from
agriculture to industry.
– 4. the unwillingness of plantation owners to
migrate from the coastal plans to richer lands in
the Southwest.
• In the decades before the Civil War, one of
the great economic problems the South
faced was
– 1. the increasing concentration of wealth in a
few hands.
• Among the economic consequences of the
South’s cotton economy was
– 1. increasing immigration of laborers from
Europe.
– 2. a dependence on the North for trade and
manufacturing.
– 3. a stable system of credit and finance.
– 4. a relatively equal distribution of property and
wealth.
• Among the economic consequences of the
South’s cotton economy was
– 2. a dependence on the North for trade and
manufacturing.
• The proportion of white southerners who
owned at least one slave was approximately
–
–
–
–
1. five percent.
2. ten percent.
3. twenty-five percent.
4. forty percent.
• The proportion of white southerners who
owned at least one slave was approximately
– 3. twenty-five percent.
• Most non-slaveholding southern whites
made their living as
– 1. wage laborers on the plantations or in the
cities.
– 2. traders or middlemen between the plantation
owners and northern industrialists.
– 3. subsistence farmers.
– 4. growers of commercially profitable crops
other than cotton or sugar.
• Most non-slaveholding southern whites
made their living as
– 3. subsistence farmers.
• The only group of white southerners who
strongly opposed slavery and the
slaveowners were
–
–
–
–
1. poor southern whites.
2. urban merchants and manufacturers.
3. religious leaders.
4. Appalachian mountain whites.
• The only group of white southerners who
strongly opposed slavery and the
slaveowners were
– 4. Appalachian mountain whites.
• Many northern free blacks were especially
hated by Irish immigrants because
– 1. the Irish sympathized with the South as an
oppressed nation.
– 2. free blacks were identified with the hated
Yankee Republican party.
– 3. free blacks competed with the Irish for
menial jobs.
– 4. free blacks were allowed to vote at a time
when immigrants were forbidden to vote by
nativists.
• Many northern free blacks were especially
hated by Irish immigrants because
– 3. free blacks competed with the Irish for
menial jobs.
• Slaves were often prevented from
performing the most dangerous forms of
labor because
– 1. they were considered incapable of
accomplishing such difficult tasks.
– 2. the tools used in dangerous work might be
turned into weapons and used in rebellion.
– 3. they were too valuable an investment to risk
losing in an accident.
– 4. owners were often sentimental about risking
the lives of their most talented slaves.
• Slaves were often prevented from
performing the most dangerous forms of
labor because
– 3. they were too valuable an investment to risk
losing in an accident.
• The most brutal and widely criticized
feature of the slave system was
– 1. the frequent brutal beatings and often murder
of disobedient slaves.
– 2. the breakup of slave families through sale.
– 3. the programs of deliberate forced breeding of
slave children.
– 4. the widespread driving of slaves to death in
dangerous or illness-inducing tasks.
• The most brutal and widely criticized
feature of the slave system was
– 2. the breakup of slave families through sale.
Plantation agriculture
A - led to a slow return on investments.
B - remained diverse until the Civil War.
C - was economically unstable and wasteful.
D - discouraged immigration to the West.
E - encouraged southern democracy.
C - was economically unstable and wasteful.
The plantation system of the Cotton South was
A - increasingly monopolistic.
B - efficient at utilizing natural resources.
C - financially stable.
D - attractive to European immigrants.
E - unable to expand westward.
A - increasingly monopolistic.
German and Irish immigration to the South was
discouraged by
A - competition with slave labor.
B - southern anti-Catholicism.
C -Irish antislavery groups.
D -nimmigration barriers enacted by southern states.
E - their inability to tolerate the hot climate.
A - competition with slave labor.
C - plantation owners.
Most slaves in the South were owned by
A - industrialists.
B - mountain whites.
C - plantation owners.
D - small farmers.
E - subsistence farmers.
The majority of southern whites owned no slaves
because
A - they opposed slavery.
B - they could not afford the purchase price.
C - their urban location did not require them.
D - their racism would not allow them to work
alongside African Americans.
E - they feared the possibility of slave revolts.
B - they could not afford the purchase price.
The profitable southern slave system
A - hobbled the economic development of the region
as a whole.
B - saw many slaves moving to the upper South.
C - led to the textile industry's development in the
South first.
D - relied almost totally on importing slaves to meet
the unquenchable demand for labor.
E - enabled the South to afford economic and
educational progress.
A - hobbled the economic development of the region
as a whole.
As a substitute for the wage-incentive system,
slaveowners most often used the
A --promise of eventual freedom.
B --reward of some legal rights.
C --right to hold private property.
D --whip as a motivator.
E --threat of death.
D --whip as a motivator.
Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the
following ways except by
A --slowing down the work pace.
B --refusing to get an education.
C --sabotaging expensive equipment.
D --pilfering goods that their labor had produced.
E --running away when possible.
B --refusing to get an education.
The idea of recolonizing blacks back to Africa was
A --proposed by William Lloyd Garrison.
B --proposed as part of the 14th Amendment.
C --advocated by Frederick Douglass.
D --suggested by the African nation of Liberia.
E --supported by the black leader Martin Delaney.
E --supported by the black leader Martin Delaney.
The voice of white southern abolitionism fell silent
at the beginning of the
A --1790s.
B --1820s.
C --1830s.
D --1840s.
E --1850s.
C --1830s.
“Varying Viewpoints” notes that Ulrich B. Phillips made
certain claims about slavery that have been challenged
in recent years. Which of the following is not one of his
conclusions?
A --Slaves were racially inferior.
B --Slavery was a dying economic institution.
C --Planters treated their slaves with kindly
paternalism.
D --Slaves were passive by nature and did not abhor
slavery.
E --Slavery was comparable to the Nazi concentration
camps.
The Second Great Awakening tended to
A --promote religious diversity.
B --reduce social class differences.
C --blur regional differences.
D --discourage church membership.
E --weaken women's social position.
A --promote religious diversity.
• In the early nineteenth century, the British
generally viewed Americans as
– 1. models for the democratic future that they
too were bound to follow.
– 2. crude and half-civilized cheaters and
violators of international law.
– 3. a serious competitor for empire and world
power.
– 4. clever and inventive creative geniuses and
entrepreneurs.
• In the early nineteenth century, the British
generally viewed Americans as
– 2. crude and half-civilized cheaters and
violators of international law.
• Which of the following was not a source of
conflict between the United States and
Britain in the 1840s?
– 1. American attempts to seize Jamaica and
other British colonies in the West Indies.
– 2. American support for Canadian rebels
operating from American soil.
– 3. British support for the anti-slavery cause and
an independent Texas.
– 4. the Maine and Oregon boundaries between
the United States and Canada.
• Which of the following was not a source of
conflict between the United States and
Britain in the 1840s?
– 1. American attempts to seize Jamaica and
other British colonies in the West Indies.
• The primary opposition to the annexation of
Texas came from
– 1. southerners concerned that Texas would
dominate southern politics.
– 2. northern “conscience Whigs” fearful that
Texas would strengthen the power of slavery.
– 3. Texans who were jealous of their own
independence and fearful of being swallowed
up by the United States.
– 4. Mexicans who feared that annexation would
mean an inevitable war with the United States.
• The primary opposition to the annexation of
Texas came from
– 2. northern “conscience Whigs” fearful that
Texas would strengthen the power of slavery.
• The crucial issue in the presidential election
of 1844 was
– 1. the threat of a war with Mexico.
– 2. the question of the federal Bank of the
United States.
– 3. slavery and abolitionism.
– 4. American expansionism or “Manifest
Destiny.”
• The crucial issue in the presidential election
of 1844 was
– 4. American expansionism or “Manifest
Destiny.”
• The Manifest Destiny slogan “Fifty-four
Forty or Fight” referred to
– 1. American demands for acquiring all of the
Oregon territory from Britain.
– 2. American demands for acquiring California
and New Mexico from Mexico.
– 3. the American demand that Britain hand over
fifty-four islands and forty ships in the
Caribbean.
– 4. American demands that Canada hand over
land along the Maine and Minnesota
boundaries.
• The Manifest Destiny slogan “Fifty-four
Forty or Fight” referred to
– 1. American demands for acquiring all of the
Oregon territory from Britain.
• The most immediate result of James Polk’s
successful Manifest Destiny campaign was
–
–
–
–
1. the Mexican War.
2. American acquisition of California.
3. the annexation of Texas by the United States.
4. a rush of American settlers into the Pacific
Northwest.
• The most immediate result of James Polk’s
successful Manifest Destiny campaign was
– 3. the annexation of Texas by the United States.
• “Manifest Destiny” represented the
widespread American belief that
– 1. Americans were destined to uphold
democracy and freedom.
– 2. there would inevitably be a civil war over
slavery some time in the future.
– 3. Mexico was destined to be acquired by the
United States.
– 4. God had destined the United States to expand
across the whole North American continent.
• “Manifest Destiny” represented the
widespread American belief that
– 4. God had destined the United States to expand
across the whole North American continent.
• The key underlying issue that precipitated
the Mexican War was
– 1. President Polk’s determination to acquire
California for the United States.
– 2. American determination to overthrow Santa
Anna and establish democracy in Mexico.
– 3. the determination of Texans to provoke a war
between the United States and Mexico.
– 4. the growing support of Mexico for antislavery forces inside the United States.
• The key underlying issue that precipitated
the Mexican War was
– 1. President Polk’s determination to acquire
California for the United States.
• The Mexicans were forced to surrender to
the United States when
– 1. the American army under Winfield Scott
captured Mexico City.
– 2. Captain John C. Fremont captured California
for the United States.
– 3. General Zachary Taylor captured Santa Anna
and established an independent republic in
northern Mexico.
– 4. Texas militia forces succeeded in capturing
the Mexican ports of Tampico and Vera Cruz.
• The Mexicans were forced to surrender to
the United States when
– 1. the American army under Winfield Scott
captured Mexico City.
• Besides anti-slavery forces, the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo was threatened in the
United States Senate by
– 1. Texans who did not want a revengeful
Mexico along their southern border.
– 2. western senators who believed that $15 was
too much to pay for the acquired territory.
– 3. expansionist southerners who wanted the
United States to annex all of Mexico.
– 4. Democrats who saw the Treaty as part of a
plot to elect Whig General Zachary Taylor
president.
• Besides anti-slavery forces, the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo was threatened in the
United States Senate by
– 3. expansionist southerners who wanted the
United States to annex all of Mexico.
1. All the following were true of the American economy
under Cotton Kingdom except
A) cotton accounted for half the value of all American
exports after 1840.
B) the South produced more than half the entire world's
supply of cotton.
C) 75 percent of the British supply of cotton came from
the South.
D) quick profits from cotton drew planters to its
economic enterprise.
E) the South reaped all the profits from the cotton trade.
Ans E
:
2. All of the following were weaknesses of the slave
plantation system except that
A) it relied on a one-crop economy.
B)
it repelled a large-scale European immigration.
C)
it stimulated racism among poor whites.
D)
it created an aristocratic political elite.
E)
its land continued to remain in the hands of the small
farmers.
Ans E
:
3. Most white southerners were
A)
planter aristocrats.
B)
small slaveowners.
C)
merchants and artisans.
D)
“poor white trash.”
E)
subsistence farmers.
Ans E
:
4. The most pro-Union of the white southerners were
A)
plantation owners.
B)
mountain whites.
C)
small slaveowners.
D)
nonslaveowning subsistence farmers.
E)
people with northern economic interests.
Ans B
:
5. All of the following were true of slavery in the South
except that
A) slave life on the frontier was harder than that of life
in the more settled areas.
B) a distinctive African American slave culture
developed.
C) a typical planter had too much of his own prosperity
riding on the backs of his slaves to beat them on a
regular basis.
D) by 1860, most slaves were concentrated in the “black
belt” of the Deep South.
E) most slaves were raised in single unstable parent
households.
Ans E
:
6. Which one of the following has the least in common
with the other four?
A) Nat Turner
B)
David Walker
C)
John Quincy Adams
D)
Denmark Vesey
E)
Gabriel
Ans C
:
7. Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840,
when they backed the presidential candidate of the
A) Free Soil party.
B)
Republican party.
C)
Know-Nothing party.
D)
Liberty party.
E)
Anti-Masonic party.
Ans D
:
8. The earliest known use of the term Manifest Destiny
was by
A) John Tyler.
B)
James K. Polk.
C)
Ralph Waldo Emerson.
D)
John L. O'Sullivan.
E)
Mark Twain.
Ans D
:
9. The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice
president to
A) have him instead of President William Henry
Harrison actually run the executive branch.
B) win northern votes.
C)
attract the vote of the states' rightists.
D)
reward him for his strong support of the Whig party
platform.
respond to the Democrats' expansionist appeal.
E)
Ans C
:
10. During an 1837 Canadian rebellion against Britain
A)
the United States stayed neutral in word and action.
B)
the United States imprisoned several American
violators of neutrality.
America was unlawfully invaded by the British.
C)
D)
E)
Canada warned the United States to stay out of the
conflict.
the U.S. government plotted to annex Canada.
Ans C
:
11. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) annexation
of Texas, (B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty, (C) settlement of the
Oregon boundary, and (D) Aroostook War.
A) A, B, D, C
B)
B, D, C, A
C)
D, B, A, C
D)
C, A, B, D
E)
A, D, C, B
Ans: C
12. Texas was annexed to the United States as a result of
A)
Senate approval of the Treaty of Annexation.
B)
a joint resolution rather than a treaty.
C)
a presidential order by Andrew Jackson.
D)
the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
E)
a compromise to admit free-state Iowa at the same
time.
Ans B
:
13. The area in dispute between the United States and
Great Britain in 1845 lay between the
A) forty-second parallel and the Columbia River.
B)
C)
Cascade Mountains, the Columbia River, and Puget
Sound.
36º 30' line and the Columbia River.
D)
forty-ninth parallel and the 54º 40' line.
E)
Columbia River, the forty-ninth parallel, and the
Pacific Ocean.
Ans E
:
14. The election of 1844 was notable because
A)
the campaign raised no real issues.
B)
a genuine and clear mandate emerged.
C)
it was fought over a single issue.
D)
Polk won the electoral vote but lost the popular vote.
E)
it brought the slavery issue into politics.
Ans C
:
15. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) Bear Flag
revolt, (B) Slidell mission rejected, (C) declaration of war on
Mexico, and (D) American troops ordered to the Rio Grande
Valley.
A) B, D, C, A
B)
A, C, B, D
C)
D, B, A, C
D)
C, A, D, B
E)
A, D, C, B
Ans: A
16. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, ending
the Mexican War, included
A) a guarantee of the rights of Mexicans living in New
Mexico.
B) United States annexation of all the territory south of
the Rio Grande.
C) the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to the
United States.
D) a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in
damages to the United States.
E) United States payment of $15 million for the cession
of northern Mexico.
Ans E
:
17. The largest single addition to American territory was
A)
the Louisiana Purchase.
B)
the Mexican Cession.
C)
the Oregon Country.
D)
the Old Northwest.
E)
Alaska.
Ans B
: