Lipids and Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Commonly known as:
Fats
Oils
Waxes
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1. Organic Compound
Made up of carbon
Feels waxy or oily to the touch
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Function of a lipid: a. Stores energy ~ long term b. Main component of our cell membranes c. Insulates our body d. Protects our major organs
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Lipids are made up of:
C , H and O
Same set of elements found in carbs
……unused carbs get stored as body fat .
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Like carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are made up of repeating units. The repeating units in lipids are called:
-Triglycerides
“3”
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Many bonds need to be broken
-need to add:
H
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O water and enzymes
“lipase”
Lipds are then broken down by the process “Hydrolysis”
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Lipids contain more energy per gram than any other food source…very calorie loaded
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Types of lipids:
Butter
1. FATS a. Are solid at room temperature b. Found in animal products
Milk
Lard
Egg yolks
Meat
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c. Known as “saturated” fats
-unhealthy because they contain:
-heart unhealth y “cholesterol”
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2. OILS a. Normally liquid at room temperature b. Found in plant products
Nuts
Vegetable
Oils
Olives
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Margarine
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c.
Known as “unsaturated” fats/lipids
-contains same amount of calories as saturated but are more healthier for you because they do not contain cholesterol.
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3. Waxes a. Found in plants and animals b. Form of protection
-covers all major organs c. Waterproof structures
Cuticle on leaves
Earwax
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4. Phospholipids a. Used to create our cell membranes.
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Two test for the presence of lipids:
1. Brown Bag Test
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-leaves a translucent spot
-light passes through it
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Yummy!!!!!!!
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2.
Solubility Test
-lipids are soluble in lighter fluid BUT insoluble in water.
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Nucleic Acids
-4 th Organic Compound
-made up of carbon
H, O, N and Phosphorus
-There are only two type:
-DNA
-RNA
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Function of nucleic acids:
-To store and transmit our genetic code.
Nucleic Acids are made up of many repeating units known as nucleotides.
To Be Continued in a later chapter….
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