Bellringer
• why are some areas of the world more
powerful than others?
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
Bellringer
Levels of Questioning
Guns, Germs and Steel
Levels of Questioning practice
Homework
– The Worst Mistake
Vocabulary Words for
Guns, Germs and Steel
• Cultivation:
• the planting, growing, and harvesting of crops or
plants, or the preparation of land for this
purpose
• Civilization:
• a society that has a high level of culture and
social organization
• Domestication:
• taming and adaptation of plants and animals for
the benefits of humans
Guns, Germs and Steel
• Jared Diamond,
famous scientist. He
is trying to answer a
question asked him
by a native New
Guinean, Yale: “why
do white people
have so much stuff,
but New Guinea
people did not”
Homework
• Reading the Worst Mistake and answering the
questions on a separate worksheet
• Remember to sign up for remind101!
Bellringer
• Pull out the civilization game question you
pick up on your way in.
• Each question represents one round of the
game. Answer one question after each round.
(Example: for round 5 answer question
number 5.) Complete the first couple of
questions based on how many were complete
on the first day.
Period 1
Powerpoint 2013
Bellringer:
What are the basic characteristics of
early human societies?
Agenda
• Bellringer
• Review Civilization game
• Notes
• Homework
• SPICE chart and Study for test
Your Notebook
• Objective:
– Allow student to focus on important information
during their reading and to organize information.
• Set up (for each unit)
– Objective sheet
– Unit Vocabulary
– 1 page for each objective (some will require more
than others)
• Front page for students reading notes
• Back page for class/lecture notes
– Important people
Expectations for notebook
• Will be bought to each class
• Students will write the objective on top of
each page
PALEOLITHIC
AND
NEOLITHIC AGE
Paleolithic Age
Objective 1
• 12,000 BCE–humans evolved
physically and mentally to the level
of today
• Opposable thumbs & developed
brain Links to the objective in your notebook. Write
• Paleolithic
onAchievements
the BACK of the page. The front page is
– Invention
of tools
weapons
reserved
for&your
reading notes. Write down
– Language
any addition or missed information that you
– Control of
DOfire
NOT have from your reading notes.
– Art (sculpture, jewelry, and cave
paintings)
• Humans lived in small bands of
hunter-gatherers
Objective 1/2
Paleolithic Age Societies
• Men hunt and/or fish;
women gather fruits, etc.
• Lived in kinship groups of
20-30 people
• Follow migratory patterns
of animals
• Need large portions of land
to support themselves
• Life expectancy was 20
years or less
Paleolithic Societies
• Groups were not always
self-sufficient
• Trade with neighboring
groups was often necessary
• Developed tools suitable for
their environment
• Practiced animism
Discussion Question
With the partner next to you discuss the following question:
What causes technological change?
Objective 3
Defining Neolithic Revolution
• Define with your partner Neolithic Revolution:
– Also can be called: Agricultural revolution
• Ms. Heath’s definition:
• The deliberate cultivation of particular plants
as well as the taming and breeding of
particular animals
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80
C9&index=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Objective 3
Neolithic Revolution
• Around 10000 BCE, two discoveries
revolutionized human society
– Farming (1st crops were wheat & barley)
– Herding (1st domesticated animals were goats,
pigs, & cattle)
• Domesticated animals produced a new type of society
called Pastoralists
Objective 3
Origins of Agriculture
Social Results of the
Neolithic Revolution
Objective 3
• Social changes:
– Permanent settlement
– People become dependent on farming
– Farming & specialized labor led to increase in technology
• Pottery, the plow, irrigation, woven textiles, wheeled vehicles
– Gender inequality
– Full-time political and religious figures emerge as
community leaders
– Specialized workers such as toolmakers, miners, and
merchants
– Despite specialization, well-defined social stratification did
not exist
World Population Growth
Intensive agriculture caused
human population to jump from
5-8 million to 60 to 70 million in
5,000 years
Objective 3
Environmental changes
• Slash and burn farming
• Some plant species die out
• Animals domesticated
Objective 3
Examples of Neolithic Cities
• Farming & herding allowed for urban
development
• 1st cities emerged in Middle East (Turkey &
Jordan)
• Jericho and Catal Huyuk
Objective 4
Pastoral Societies
• Nomadic peoples who herd
domesticated animals
• Move in search of food for
their animals
• Develop on marginal land
apart from areas suitable for
agriculture, often semi-arid
regions
• Interact with agricultural
societies
Objective 4
Relationship between developing economies
•
•
•
•
Exchange of ideas and products
Conquest/absorption/displacement of hunter-gathers
Spread of language
Indo-European begin in turkey
Objective 5
Impact of Technology changes on
Human Society
• Basket for food storage
• Record keeping writing
• Metals  allowing for strong tools & weapons
– Bronze stronger/more useful than stone
– 400 b.c.e
RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS
Objective 6
Characteristic of Civilization
• A civilization is a complex culture with these
five characteristics:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Specialized workers
Technology
Advanced cities
Institutions
Record keeping
Objective 7
Ancient Mesopotamia
Objective 7
Government (political)
• Initially, priest-kings rule citystates
– Sumerians (c. 3500 BCE)
• City-states evolve into empires
– Akkadians (c. 2334-2218 BCE)
• Land owning aristocracy
dominated
• Develop a formal legal codes
– Hammurabi’s Code (c. 1800 BCE)
Objective 7
Religion/Culture
• Believed in 3,000 gods
• Goal: Appease gods to
control nature
• Art and literature focus on
gods and religion
– Epic of Gilgamesh
• Contains a story of an epic
flood
• Built ziggurats
Culture
• Inventions: wheel, sail,
and plow
• Bronze metallurgy
• 1st system of writing
– Cuneiform
• 1st number system
– Based on units of
10, 60, & 360
• Astronomy
Objective 7
Objective 8
Society
• Social stratification
• Slavery was common
Nobles
– One could become a slave
through war, crime, or
debt
– Slaves were used in
temples, public buildings,
or private homes
• Patriarchal
Freemen
Slaves
– Women could hold most
occupations
Economy
Objective 8
Objective 7
Ancient Egypt
• Relatively isolated
• Nile flooded regularly,
predictably
– Provided rich soil, easy soil to
farm
– Civilization regulated flooding,
surveying
• Control the Nile; control
society
Objective 7
Government
• Formed by 3000 BCE
• Unified for most of history
– Early Kingdom
– Middle Kingdom
– Late Kingdom
• Theocracy
– Pharaoh was a god-king
– Women could be pharaohs
• Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE)
Ramses II
Culture
• Hieroglyphic writing on
papyrus
• Mathematics
– Geometry
• Calendar system
– 365 days (off by 6 hours)
• Medicine
• Architecture
Objective 7
Objective 7
Religion/Culture
• Thousands of gods
• Gods have animal and human
qualities
• Gods & goddesses
• Relatively egalitarian
• Believe in afterlife
• Heaven & Hell
• Mummification
• Pyramids & Temples
Social
• Social Stratification
– Limited opportunity for
social mobility
• Slavery common
• Women have more rights
– Could own property,
propose marriage, and
demand a divorce
Objective 8
Objective 5
Ancient India & China
Objective 7-8
Indus River Valley
• Cities emerge around
2500 BCE
• Culturally unified citystates
– Harappa and MohenjoDaro
• Mysterious ending
– Environmental
degradation vs. Aryan
invasion
Objective 7-8
Indus River Valley
• Polytheistic religion
– Influenced Hinduism
• Planned cities with
large temples
• Undecipherable
writing system
• Advanced technology
– Plumbing systems
Indus River Valley
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJY
DM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety_mode=
true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Objective 7-8
Ancient China
• Developed in isolation along
the Huang He (Yellow) River
• Shang dynasty emerged c.
1500 BCE
– Warlike kings & landed
aristocracy dominate
– Cities surrounded by massive
earthen walls
Objective 7-8
Ancient China
• Chinese Society
– Family at center of society
• Extended-family structure
– Women were subordinate
• Chinese Culture
– Believed spirits of family ancestors
could bring good fortune or disaster
– Oracle bones (right)
– Bronze & silk
Objective 7-8
Dynastic Cycle
Mandate of Heaven—Rulers are chose to rule by heaven and will
continue to rule as long as heaven is pleased; if heaven is not
pleased, heaven will pass the mandate to another family
Objective 7-8
The Olmec
• Olmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400-400 BCE
• Olmec zone is dense tropical forest
Objective 7-8
Olmec Government & Society
• Several city-states with
common culture
• Social Hierarchy
– Highest rank is that of
the chief
– Dominated by landed
aristocracy
– Laborers forced to build
temples, palaces, and
drainage canals
Objective 7-8
Olmec Religion
• Polytheistic
– Deities blended male & female,
animal & human characteristics
• Feathered-serpent god (right)
– Shamans organized religious life
• Religion led to development
of writing system and calendar
Objective 7-8
Olmec Art
• Building of clay pyramids
and temple mounds
• Particular sculptural style
– Jaguars
– Fine jade carving
– Colossal heads
Objective 6
Legacy of Ancient Civilizations
• Writing systems, religions, and technology
was influenced the development of new
civilizations and cultures
• Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE
– Subject to nomadic invasions
• Political and cultural centers shift to new
geographical areas (except China)
Objective 9
Why did some societies survived and
others be destroyed?
• Discuss with your partner