AP World History Midterm Review
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Name:________________ AP WORLD HISTORY Block:______ AP World History Midterm Review Part one of the packet is an overview of information that will be cover on your exam. The rest of this study guide will be questions and activities to help you prepare for your midterm exam. Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations • • Vocabulary (for the Midterm) – Neolithic revolution – Sedentary – Domestication – Pastoral – Social hierarchy – Specialization – Social stratification Overview of topics • Paleolithic Age – Foraging (hunter and gathering) • Men hunting • Women gathering • Neolithic Age – Neolithic Revolution • Development of agriculture – Development • Gradual process: happened in different areas independently • Neolithic Age cont. – Characteristic • Required more work than foraging • Population growth • Permanent settlements (increase of diseases) • Domestication of plants and animals – Effects • Specialization of labor • Increase of population • Trade begins • Social Stratification • Development of Writing • River Valley civilizations – Tigris and Euphrates River • Mesopotamia (Sumerians) –earliest civilization • Characteristics– Writing Cuneiform – Ziggurats- building for worship (pyramid like) – Patriarchal society – Indus River (unpredictable flooding) • Harappan • Characteristics– Unable to read writing – Laid cities in a precise grid like formation – Decline unknown – Huang He River • The Shang & Zhou dynasties • • Characteristics – Isolated from the others – Oracle bones – Social stratification – Women subordinate to men – Zhou-mandate of heaven – Nile River • Egypt • Characteristics – Irrigation projects to water fields – Pharaoh- king of Egypt Social stratification – Writing –hieroglyphics – Build pyramids Relationship between writing and civilization – Allowed for record keeping – Organized governments Period 2 Classical Civilization • • Vocabulary – Reincarnation – Missionary – Cultural diffusion – Patriarchy – Democracy – Monsoon – Social Hierarchy – Stratification Overview of Period 2 • Classical China – The Zhou • Mandate of Heaven • Centralized the government – The Qin • Came to power after the Era of Warring states • Build the Great Wall • Encouraged the manufacturing of Silk – The Han • Government bureaucracy grew stronger • Traded along the silk road • Expanded territory - recruited the local elite • Classical India – Monsoon controlled agriculture – Mauryan • Asoka – Gupta • Society: patriarchal • Downfall: invasions • Classical Greece – Government: City-state • Classical Rome – Fall: too large for government to control and invasions – Characteristics • Republic • • • • • • • • • • • • • Empire: pax romana Conquering other: recruit local elites Persia – Locations: in Anatolia and the fertile crescents – Tolerance toward the customs of conquered people Americas – Olmacs and Mayan • No interaction with the western hemisphere Hellenistic Culture – Alexander the Great • Regions brought together by Alexander the Great: Middle East, Mediterranean and south Asia Religions – Judaism – Hinduism • Belief system in India • No founder • Vedas- religious scriptures • Reincarnation • Trying to reach mosha • Caste system – Buddhism • Formed from Hinduism (also founded in India) • Does not believe in the caste system – Confucianism • Found by confusion during the period of warring states in china • Filial piety: patriarchal family -> respect for one’s elders and ancestors – Daoism • Also developed during the Era of warring states – Christianity • Also “people of the book” • Believe that Jesus Christ is the massiah Trade and interactions Silk Road – Connected the Mediterrean with east Asia Indian Ocean trade – The maritime trade route Trans-Saharan Period 3 Post Classical Era Vocabulary – Mosque – Indigenous – Interregional – Feudalism – Serfs – Bureaucracy Overview • Rise and Spread of Islam • Rise • Origins: Muhammad • Split between the sunni and shia • Spread • • • • • • • • • • Through trade and military conquest Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate • Bagdad- downfall when city captured by the muslims Expansion of China – Tang Dynasty • Expanded the empire • Expanded the bureaucracy • Scholar-gently • Restricted the Buddhist monasteries – Song Dynasty • Civil service exams emphasized in gain government posts • Bureaucracy expanded – Changes in European Institution The Middle Ages – Feudalism- political, economic and social system • Serfs- bound to the land but were not slaves (can’t be bought or sold) – Plague • Disease that killed the majority of the European populations • Effects: More jobs for peasant and craftspeople who were in scarce supply – Crusades • Christian campaigns trying to take back the holy land from the Muslims • Opened Europe up to new contacts and ideas Byzantine Empire – Acted as the trading center between Asia and Western Europe – Interacts with the Slavs Slavic Homeland – North of the byzantine Empire – Trades raw materials – Large homeland – Convert to Eastern orthodox Trade – Bantu Migrations • Exchange of ideas, technology and language in sub-Saharan Africa through the migration of the Bantu speaking peoples. – Increase of trade • Trade along the Swahili coast (connected to the red sea, Indian Ocean and Arabian sea) • Growth of cities by the increase of trade • Mongol Empire control lands in which the silk road pasted through Americas – Incas • Located along the Western coast line of South America • Expanded through military conquest – Aztecs • Located in central Mexico • Inherent customs from previous civilizations • Expanded through military conquest Period 4: Early Modern Era • Vocabulary – Columbian exchange – Renaissance – Plantations • • • • – Middle Passage – Mercantilist – Absolutist – Liberia – Peninsular – Matriarchal – Indigenous – Reconquista – Catholic Reformation – Enlightenment – Scientific Revolution – Isolationism – Jesuits Overview Empires and other Political System – Spain • Spanish colonies (Caribbean, Central, Latin and South America) • Colonized- created settlement. (little Spain) • reconquista – Portugal • Colony- Brazil- plantations and port. • Slave trade – France • Absolute monarchy – England • Parliamentary Monarchy • Henry VIII- separated from the Roman Church –Anglican Church – Russia • Expanded territory (Eastern Europe to Eastern Asia) • Peter and Catherine the Great- lead reforms to westernize part of Russian culture – Ottoman • Sunni Muslims • Conquered Constantinople • Thoughts on the west – Mughals • Located in India • Thought on the west • Accepting of Hinduism – Ming • Key feature • Went into a state of isolationism • Confucian based bureaucracy • Expansion • Jesuit tried to convert chinese – Safavid • Shi’a Muslim • Thought on Europeans • Exchanges and trade Trading Companies – Set up to help finance expeditions Columbian exchange – Exchange of crops, animals and diseases between Europe, Africa and the Americas – European disease caused depopulation of the native Americas • • • – New crops cause population increase in Europe (potato) Triangular trade – Europe sending manufactured good to Africa in exchange for slave who were then sent to the Americas for raw material which were sent to Europe System of Slavery – Beginnings • European with new technologies started to trade and establish forts along the west African coast line – Trans-Atlantic Trade • European set up fort along the coast line. • Native African kingdoms raid neighboring kingdoms and tribe for slaves • Slave traders preferred men than women • Many slaves died during the “middle passage” – the journey between Africa and Americas Cultural and Intellectual Changes – Reformation • Started by Martin Luther (Germany) • Split from the catholic church – Catholic Reformation • Roman Catholic Church reactions to the reformation. • Establish the Jesuit order – Scientific Revolution • New ideas about the natural word • Established the tradition of seeking answers to question about nature through the application of reason and methodical investigation of the World • Galileo • Newton – Enlightenment • Inspired by the scientific Revolution • Applied reason to the problems of human affairs and can be understood. Vocabulary Word Neolithic revolution Sedentary Domestication Pastoral Social hierarchy Social stratification Specialization Definition Reincarnation Missionary Cultural diffusion Stratification Social Hierarchy Monsoon Democracy Patriarchy Mosque Bureaucracy Serfs Feudalism Interregional Indigenous Columbian exchange Jesuits Isolationism Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Catholic Reformation Reconquista Indigenous Matriarchal Peninsular Liberia Absolutist Mercantilist Middle Passage Plantations Renaissance Period 1 What are the differences between the Paleolithic and Neolithic Age? Describe the development, characteristic and effects of the Neolithic Revolution. Compare and contrast the following river valleys Tigris and Euphrates v. Indus River Nile v. Huang He River How did writing effect the development of River Valley civilizations? Predict that would have happened If civilizations had not developed writing Period 2 Classical China Describe the key features of each Chinese dynasty Zhou Qin How does weather affect India agriculture? What role does Hinduism play in India society and political system? How did Geography effect the development of Greek political system? Han Rome Explain the key characteristics of the Roman Republic v Roman Empire. Republic Empire What are the key characteristics of Persia? Location: Governmental Structure: Treatment of conquered people: Society Americas List the key characteristic of Olmac and the Mayan Olmac Mayan The fall of Rome Religions Founder Judaism Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism Daoism Christianity Holy text History Key characteristics Trade during the Classical Era Route / civilizations connect to Silk Road Indian Ocean Tran-Saharan Period 3 Islam Who is the founder of Islam? What cause the split between the Sunni and shi’a? How did Islam spread? Compare and contrast the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphate? What is the importance of Bagdad in the early history of Islam? Items trade China Government Achievements Tang Song Europe What are the causes of Europe’s entry into the middle Ages? What is Feudalism? What is a serf? What make a serf different from a slave? What were the effects of the Plague economically? What was the goal of the Crusades? Territory Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire was a continuation of which empire? What type of goods could one find in an byzantine market? Slavs Where is the Slav homeland located? Which empire did the Slav people trade with? What culture concept did they take from this empire? Trade Why are the Bantu migrations important to the study of Africa? What effect did the increase of trade have on cities? Americas Locations Aztecs Incas Government Characteristics Period 4 Explorations Locations Characteristics of colonization Products exported Spanish Portuguese Government France England Religion Russia How did Russia expand its territory? How did Peter and Catherine the Great try to westernize Russia? Muslim Empires Religion Government and conquest Ottomans Safavid Mughals What are the Key characteristic of the Ming dynasty? Why did European nations setup trading companies? Thought on Europe What is the Columbian exchange? What effect did the Columbian exchange have on the old and new world? What is the triangular trade? How did the triangular trade work? Beginnings of Slavery: How and why did the slave trade begin to grow in the Early Modern Era? What is the middle passage? What effects did the slave trade have on Africa? Reformation: Who began the reformation? What was the Catholic Church reaction to the reformation? How did they try to reform themselves? Scientific revolution: What is the scientific revolution? Who is Galileo and Isaac Newton? Define the Enlightenment?
