Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with soybean resistance to common cutworm and
soybean compensatory growth after defoliation using SNP markers based genome-wide
association analysis
Hui Wang, Honglang Yan, Haiping Du, Maoni Chao, Zhongjie Gao, Deyue Yu ()
National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm
Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
()
Corresponding
author:
Phone:
+86-25-84396410;
Fax:
+86-25-84396410;
E-mail:
dyyu@njau.edu.cn
Hui Wang and Honglang Yan contributed equally to this work.
Supplementary Table 1 Summary of 170 soybean accessions
Number
Name
Origins
Number
Name
Origins
N1
Anxianghuangdou
Hunan
N86
Heibawangbian
Jilin
N2
Yantianqingpidou
Fujian
N87
Yixianheidou
Hebei
N3
Xiaodongdou
Sichuan
N88
Dajinyuan
Liaoning
N4
Hongpiyehuangdou
Hubei
N89
Qidehuangdou
Anhui
N5
Banyemaodou
Jiangsu
N90
Yushandawudou
Jiangxi
N6
Mancanjin
Liaoning
N91
Anyiheidou
Shanxi
N7
Donganheidou
Guangxi
N92
Fengpingheidou
Hebei
N8
Duchannidou
Jiangxi
N93
Binghaihongchadou
Jiangsu
N9
Baimodou
Neimenggu
N94
Tonganyouzidou
Fujian
N10
Jinlongheidou
Guangxi
N95
Zhengbaxiaobaihuangdou
Shaanxi
N11
Yushanqingdou
Jiangxi
N96
Liuhexiaoyeqing
Jiangsu
N12
Nantongdaqingyang
Jiangsu
N97
Huimingtiezhugan
Shandong
N13
Baihuamoshidou
Jilin
N98
Yunhefengwudou
Zhejiang
N14
Zhengfengliuyuehuangdou
Guizhou
N99
Longshanneiziqing
Hunan
N15
Chundou
Fujian
N100
Yongxingliuyuehuang
Jiangxi
N16
Luanchuanchengguangxiaohei
Henan
N101
Dianjiangzaohuangdou
Sichuan
N17
Xipinghesedou
Henan
N102
Ningdoubayuehuang
Jiangxi
N18
Guanshanwenzhutiane
Henan
N103
Xuyongxiaobaishuidou
Sichuan
N19
Wanxianbaidongdou
Sichuan
N104
Linheidou
Hebei
N20
Shuipingxiaoziyaoheidou
Henan
N105
Huangdou
Hebei
N21
Yushanbayuebao
Jiangxi
N106
Heimoshidou
Neimenggu
N22
Guiximayi
Jiangxi
N107
Shangraowanqing
Jiangxi
N23
Ganbusi
Jiangxi
N108
Linjianheidou
Heilongjiang
N24
Zshizhuzhuyaozi
Sichuan
N109
Xiaoheidou
Hebei
N25
Tuichengzihuacao
Henan
N110
Jisichanglidou
Heilongjiang
N26
Kaifengguozhangqingdou
Henan
N111
Yangyanjinghuangdou
Shanxi
N27
Mayidan
Shaanxi
N112
Chongmingtiegandou
Shanghai
N28
Heiyaohuangdou
Gansu
N113
Chunheidou
Hubei
N29
Jiyuanshangzhuangshuibai
Henan
N114
Huangposhanzibai
Hubei
N30
Xuchangbaihuacao
Henan
N115
Hennanyaodou
Hunan
N31
Xifengdawudou
Guizhou
N116
Henshanhongdou
Hunan
N32
Lvhuangdou
Shaanxi
N117
Yanchunxiaoli
Guangdong
N33
Deqingxiangzhudou
Zhejiang
N118
Dalihuang
Jilin
N34
Tongluniuchidou
Zhejiang
N119
Dajinhuang
Liaoning
N35
Chadou
Shandong
N120
Dadou12
Liaoning
N36
Ningnanheidouzi
Sichuan
N121
Edou 7
Hubei
N37
Yaanxiaolizao
Sichuan
N122
Gongdou 10
Sichuan
N38
Miyangdadou
Henan
N123
Qiandou 6
Guizhou
N39
Shangranganbusi
Jiangxi
N124
Qiongshanxiawangwudou
Hainan
N40
Jianshuixiaoheidou
Yunnan
N125
Qionghaixiaozhongwudou
Hainan
N41
Feixidahuangdou
Anhui
N126
Haimenhonghuangdouyi
Jiangsu
N42
Nahuaheipidou
Yunnan
N127
Bamajiuyuehuang
Guangxi
N43
Shuangjiangzongpidou
Yunnan
N128
Qujiangqingdou
Jiangsu
N44
Hezepingdinghuang
Shandong
N129
PI 227687
Japan
N45
Lichengxiaoliqing
Shandong
N130
Riben
Japan
N46
Enshizaohuangdou
Hubei
N131
Tongshanbopihuangdoujia
Hubei
N47
Jiangyinheidou
Jiangsu
N132
Gantai-2-2
Zhejiang
N48
Mengzixiqingdou
Yunnan
N133
Mianyangbaimaodou
Hubei
N49
Moshidadou
Shandong
N134
Nannong89-30
Jiangsu
N50
Huanyiqiuheidou
Jiangsu
N135
Zao16
Anhui
N51
Donghaixiaoheidou
Jiangsu
N136
Zongyanghouzimao
Anhui
N52
Huangyunhongmaoyoudou
Jiangsu
N137
Jiangninglaosudou
Jiangsu
N53
Geyangqingdou
Shanghai
N138
Huangpobayuezha
Hubei
N54
Fengxianshuidaohuang
Shanghai
N139
Jianliniumaohuang
Hubei
N55
Wukehuang
Hunan
N140
PI 171451
Japan
N56
Taishunqiudou
Zhejiang
N141
Zhongdou14
Hubei
N57
Yueyangliuyuebao
Hunan
N142
Anluxiaohuangdou
Hubei
N58
Jinhuadadou
Zhejiang
N143
Juyeqiudou
Zhejiang
N59
Lishuizhongzihuangdou
Jiangsu
N144
Luanchunchengguanchunheidou
Henan
N60
Zhengjianghuangdou
Jiangsu
N145
Srf400
America
N61
Qingyuanxiaoqingdou
Guangdong
N146
Shuyangdabaipi
Jiangsu
N62
Juyexiaotuyan
Shandong
N147
Sp26
Jiangsu
N63
Longyanqiuwudou
Fujian
N148
89-29
Jiangsu
N64
Guangzehuangjiadou
Fujian
N149
Wengfeng5
Shandong
N65
Wandouzao
Shaanxi
N150
PI 229358
Japan
N66
Yangdali
Guizhou
N151
Fujiang341
Fujian
N67
Hongdouzi
Heilongjiang
N152
York
America
N68
Anshunbaijiaodou
Zhejiang
N153
Xutuandadou
Shandong
N69
Dajinhuang
Hubei
N154
Williams
America
N70
Peixiandabaijiao
Jiangsu
N155
Fuyang170
Anhui
N71
Dapuhuangdou
Guangdong
N156
Dare
America
N72
Malidou
Zhejiang
N157
Xianjin2
Jiangsu
N73
Nidou
Jiangxi
N158
Linyizaolvdou
Shandong
N74
Mayidou
Jiangxi
N159
Bethol
America
N75
Tianeliuyuehuang
Guangxi
N160
Mosuo
America
N76
Qujianghuangkengdongdou
Guangdong
N161
Huangpixiaoqingdou
Shandong
N77
Erwangdou
Jiangxi
N162
Aiganhuang
Anhui
N78
Laoshuyan
Shanxi
N163
Wan82-178
Anhui
N79
Guangfengmaliaodou
Jiangxi
N164
Heikehuangdou
Jiangsu
N80
Dawuliuyuebao
Hubei
N165
Nannong73-935
Jiangsu
N81
Gaoyaowuyuehuang
Guangdong
N166
Nannong86-4
Jiangsu
N82
Maoniaodou
Shanxi
N167
Nannong1138-2
Jiangsu
N83
Jinxianzaochadou
Jiangxi
N168
74906-08
Jiangsu
N84
Anyixiaoheidou
Shanxi
N169
Kefeng1
Beijing
N85
Zhijinsanjiaxiaohuangdou
Guizhou
N170
Nannongcaidou5
Jiangsu
Supplementary Table 2 The SNPs and elements in GmRCAβ gene
SNP
Position
Polymorph
Element in Group
Element
in RAC
ic type
A-type
in Group
promoter
Function
B-type
RCA-S1
-2166
A/T
RCA-S2
-2144
T/-
RCA-S3
-2033
G/T
RCA-S4
-1930
AAATTG
TATA-box
core promoter element
AT1-motif;
part of a light-responsive
TTTTTTA
TTTTT/RCA-S5
-1884
A/G
RCA-S6
-1871
A/G
module;
TATA-box
core promoter element
ARE
cis-acting regulatory
element essential for
anaerobic induction
RCA-S7
-1719
A/G
RCA-S8
-1696
A/-
RCA-S9
-1625
G/T
RCA-S10
-1226
A/G
RCA-S11
-1158
A/T
GAG-motif
part of a light-responsive
element
RCA-S12
-953
C/T
RCA-S13
-727
GTGTAA
AATAAT
T/-
RCA-S14
-573
A/G
RCA-S15
-311
A/T
TATA-box
core promoter element
Supplementary Table 3 The distribution information of SSR marker in soybean genome
Chromosome
SSR name
Linkage group a
Genetic location (cM) a
Satt225
A1
95.16
5
40,076,371
Sat_217
A1
101.57
5
38,669,499
Sct_067
A2
14.99
8
2,433,522
Satt315
A2
45.29
8
6,751,511
Satt119
A2
92.43
8
16,417,976
Sat_097
A2
122.05
8
39,470,395
Satt228
A2
154.11
8
45,272,462
BE806308
B1
0
11
199,068
Satt509
B1
32.51
11
6,206,850
Satt519
B1
57.91
11
13,984,414
Satt298
B1
64.91
Satt415
B1
82.89
11
32,627,233
Satt665
B1
96.36
11
36,229,108
AQ851479
B1
128.66
11
37,892,646
Satt577
B2
6.05
14
668,769
Sat_287
B2
31.88
14
5,177,226
Satt601
B2
67.73
14
27,131,235
Satt687
B2
113.61
14
49,404,035
Satt565
C1
0
4
511,086
Sat_337
C1
32.1
4
4,172,658
Satt578
C1
65.08
4
7,819,345
Sct_191
C1
92.99
4
44,182,293
Satt524
C1
120.12
4
47,090,240
Satt681
C2
3.15
6
488,811
Satt291
C2
45.76
6
7,320,610
Satt363
C2
98.07
6
15,756,353
Satt286
C2
101.25
6
16,171,760
Satt289
C2
112.35
6
27,545,760
Satt316
C2
127.67
6
47,485,080
Satt357
C2
151.91
6
49,836,316
Sat_332
D1a
5.25
1
355,705
Sat_353
D1a
36.23
1
7,701,041
Satt531
D1a
40.87
1
3,758,304
Satt436
D1a
70.69
1
48,689,923
Satt147
D1a
108.89
1
53,920,004
Sat_096
D1b
0
Satt095
D1b
25.6
2
6,307,407
Satt542
D1b
53.02
2
12,956,458
Satt282
D1b
76.1
2
29,515,557
Satt703
D1b
98.75
2
45,655,503
Sat_289
D1b
131.92
2
50,121,973
No. b
Physical location (bp) b
Satt271
D1b
137.06
2
51,321,458
Sctt008
D2
3.16
17
668,432
Satt135
D2
26.05
17
6,156,435
Satt443
D2
51.41
17
10,909,938
Satt461
D2
80.19
17
14,367,828
Satt574
D2
87.67
17
31,915,255
Satt186
D2
105.45
17
39,047,147
Sct_137
D2
128.95
17
41,293,967
Satt575
E
3.3
15
877,711
Sat_112
E
8.67
15
1,936,367
Satt720
E
20.8
15
4,135,745
Satt045
E
46.65
15
24,720,177
Satt230
E
71.31
7
16,251,557
GmRuBp
F
0
13
7,807,664
Satt659
F
26.71
13
1,294,352
Sat_297
F
59.6
13
25,789,087
Sat_313
F
91.87
13
34,296,459
Sat_090
F
130.64
13
38,583,017
Satt163
G
0
18
998,312
Satt324
G
33.26
18
5,890,115
Satt199
G
62.16
18
52,465,638
Sct_199
G
94.4
18
58,093,386
Satt472
G
98.84
18
58,136,158
Satt666
H
0.59
12
307,450
Satt568
H
27.64
12
4,519,572
Satt442
H
46.95
12
6,361,515
Satt469
H
58.91
12
12,292,069
Sat_122
H
61.33
12
13,413,446
Satt302
H
81.04
12
35,107,930
Satt434
H
105.74
12
38,453,484
Sat_219
I
36.03
20
24,528,543
Sat_104
I
65.62
20
36,694,357
Satt623
I
92.52
20
41,048,539
Sct_189
I
113.77
20
45,550,533
AW310961
J
5.19
16
418,031
Satt405
J
12.41
16
1,284,624
Sat_339
J
27.97
16
4,157,733
Satt244
J
65.04
16
33,327,176
Sat_393
J
90.33
16
37,139,174
Satt715
K
0.91
9
374,758
Satt242
K
14.35
9
2,230,434
Satt046
K
45.59
9
10,894,116
Sct_190
K
77.37
9
39,455,390
Satt196
K
104.79
9
43,310,841
Satt495
L
0
19
650,288
Satt278
L
31.22
19
8,990,607
Satt284
L
38.16
19
35,484,267
Satt373
L
107.24
19
49,191,231
Sat_389
M
0
7
160,004
Satt540
M
35.85
7
4,962,954
Sat_244
M
48.86
7
8,194,552
Satt245
M
53.54
7
8,243,860
Sat_148
M
63.93
7
14,773,865
Satt551
M
95.45
7
37,174,014
Sat_276
M
128.48
7
42,915,849
Sct_195
N
2.44
3
324,435
Satt683
N
34.52
3
13,550,216
Satt387
N
53.25
3
36,576,606
Satt234
N
84.6
Satt257
N
92.56
3
43,533,723
Sat_196
O
0
10
179,101
Satt478
O
71.1
10
38,560,108
Satt331
O
93.37
10
43,451,323
Satt592
O
100.38
10
42,983,781
Sat_190
O
129.8
Scaa001
O
146.37
4
10,913,679
a: Based on the soybean genetic map developed by Song et al. (2004)
b: Based on the soybean database in Phytozome (http://www.Phytozome.net, Glycine max v1.1)
Supplementary Table 4 The distribution of favorable alleles of 51 QTLs in 7 typical genotypes
Excellent
QTL name
Traits
Marker
N63
N138
N38
N125
N129
N140
√
√
N150
allele*
qSCCW3-2
LCL
BARC-030965-06980
G
qSCCW4-2
LCL
BARC-015061-02551
A
qSCCW6-2
LCL
BARC-041427-07981
G
qSCCW9-1
LCL
BARC-030707-06927
-
qSCCW9-2
LCL
BARC-044335-08674
A
qSCCW9-4
LCL
BARC-027950-06705
A
qSCCW10-1
LCL
BARC-041383-07976
T
qSCCW12-2
LCL
BARC-029055-06059
C
qSCCW15-3
LCL
BARC-029771-06336
A
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Rare
allele
qSCCW15-3
LCL
BARC-029771-06337
C
√
√
√
qSCCW15-3
LCL
BARC-031063-06991
A
√
√
√
√
Rare
allele
qSCCW15-4
LCL
BARC-043189-08549
C
qSCCW15-5
LCL
BARC-040185-07678
A
qSCCW17-3
LCL
BARC-030219-06833
A
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
qSCCW17-4
LCL
BARC-039473-07499
C
√
qSCCW17-6
LCL
BARC-039151-07458
G
√
√
√
√
Rare
allele
√
qSCCW19-3
LCL
BARC-025995-05211
A:C
qSCCW20-1
LCL
BARC-013005-00418
A:G
qSCCW2-1
LCL/LW
BARC-032681-09012
G
qSCCW17-1
LCL/LW
BARC-029521-06208
C
qSCCW17-2
LCL/LW
BARC-044345-08675
A
qSCCW7-1
LW
BARC-012947-00412
A
qSCCW15-2
LW
BARC-014323-01320
A
√
qSCCW18-2
LW
BARC-027452-06569
A
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Rare
allele
qSCCW20-2
LW
BARC-026051-05237
A:G
qSCCW20-3
LW
BARC-029803-06416
G
qSCCW18-3
LW/RPH
GmRCAβ
Group
√
√
√
√
√
√
B-type
√
qSCCW8-2
PW
BARC-044869-08827
A
qSCCW17-5
PW
BARC-041631-08049
A
qSCCW18-1
PW
BARC-043197-08552
C
qSCCW1-1
RBN
BARC-024147-04783
G
qSCCW4-3
RBN
BARC-013699-01240
A
qSCCW6-1
RBN
BARC-031455-07095
G
qSCCW8-1
RBN
BARC-017219-02252
G
qSCCW12-3
RBN
BARC-044357-08676
A
qSCCW15-1
RBN
BARC-039153-07459
G
qSCCW16-2
RBN
BARC-018761-03242
A
qSCCW19-4
RBN
BARC-030273-06844
A:G
√
qSCCW20-4
RBN
BARC-014741-01637
G
√
qSCCW9-5
RPH
BARC-030457-06870
T
√
qSCCW9-6
RPH
BARC-041421-07980
A
√
qSCCW12-1
RPH
BARC-028285-05812
A
qSCCW13-1
RPH
BARC-014579-01586
T
qSCCW19-1
RPH
BARC-020457-04632
A
qSCCW19-2
RPH
BARC-021483-04130
C
qSCCW4-1
RSN/RSW
BARC-030305-06850
qSCCW6-3
RSN/RSW
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
G
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
BARC-025179-06455
G
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
RSN/RSW
BARC-017137-02220
A:G
RSN/RSW
BARC-031293-07038
A
√
qSCCW14-1
RSN/RSW
BARC-030997-06983
A
√
qSCCW16-1
RSN/RSW
BARC-042521-08287
A
√
BARC-045293-08925
G
BARC-018565-02978
C
RSN/RSW/
√
LCL
RSN/RSW/
RBN
√
√
qSCCW8-3
qSCCW4-4
√
√
qSCCW14-1
qSCCW9-3
√
√
RSW/RSN/
qSCCW3-1
BARC-030593-06909
T
√
√
LW/LCL
*: A nucleotide stands for the locus in homozygosis and two nucleotides stand for the locus in heterozygosis. '-' stands for the
locus in deletion.
N63 (Longyanqiuwudou),
N138 (Huangpobayuezha), and three PI genetypes (N129, PI 227687; N140, PI 171451; N150, PI
229358) were soybean genotypes with high resistance and low complementary.
N38 (Miyangdadou) and N125 (Qionghaixiaozhongwudou) were soybean genotypes with low resistance and high
complementary.
LW: larval weight; PW: pupal weight; LCL: larva-consumed leaf weight; RPH: ratio of treatment to control for the plant height;
RBN: ratio of treatment to control for the branching number; RSN: ratio of treatment to control for the seed number per plant;
RSW: ratio of treatment to control for the seed weight per plant
Supplementary Table 5 List of all 51 QTLs and corresponding accession numbers with putative identifications with predicted function
SNP-containi
Traits
Refseq RNA
Number in
Molecular
QTL
Closed QTLs on the G. max consensus
Annotation in NCBI
ng EST
Number in NCBI
phytozome
Function
Glyma01g00
Growth and
690
development N-methyltransferase 1-like
Reference
map 4.0
L Niu, F Lu, Y Pei,C Liu, X Cao. Regulation of flowering
AW733364,
RBN
qSCCW1-1
Probable protein arginine
LOC100795951
BM568357
time by the protein arginine methyltransferase AtPRMT10.
Seed protein 3-4; SCN 19-3, 20-3, 21-3
EMBO reports (2007) 8, 1190-1195
Seed yield 22-3, 28-10; seed weight 34-3,
Glyma02g34
LCL/LW qSCCW2-1
BE820771
940
G Fucile, S Falconer, D Christendat. Evolutionary
35-3, 36-3; pod maturity 28-1; lodging
diversification of plant shikimate kinase gene duplicates.
27-5; flood tolerance 4-2; phytoph 1-2,
PLoS Genetics (2008) 4, e1000292
2-2, 3-2, 4-2, 6-2, 6-3; corn earworm 1-3,
Defense/stre shikimate kinase-like
LOC100805715
ss
protein [Triticum aestivum]
9-1
UT Meier. Comparison of the rat nucleolar protein Nopp140
RSN/RS
Glyma03g01
W/LW/L qSCCW3-1
BE822467
LOC100804145
suppressor protein
with its yeast homolog SRP40: differential phosphorylation
SRP40-like [Glycine max]
in vertebrates and yeast. The J Biological Chemisiry (1996)
Other
741.1
Orphan
CL
271, 19376-19384.
Glyma03g02
LCL
qSCCW3-2
BE823022
LOC100783654
Glycine max
Seed isoflavone 4-2, 4-3; seed coat
uncharacterized protein
hardness 1-7; phytoph 14-5
Unfunction
980.1
Seed yield 27-1, 30.1; seed lengh 1-13;
JS Bonifacino and J Lippincott-Schwartz. Coat proteins:
RSN/RS
Glyma04g01
qSCCW4-1
BE822039
Vesicle
Coatomer subunit
LOC100814149
W
seed volume 1-9; seed height 1-12; seed
shaping membrane transport. Nature Reviews Molecular
470.1
transport
gamma-like
oil 8-2, 9-1, 24-18;Seed weight 2-1, SCN
Cell Biology 4, 409-414 (2003)
21-1, 36-8
LCL
RBN
qSCCW4-2
qSCCW4-3
AW349415
AW348682
S-F Fu, P-Y Chen, TT Nguyen, L-Y Huang, G-R Zeng, T-L
Seed yield 12-2, 23-4, 25-1, 28-2; seed
Glyma04g27
Defense/stre Glycine max dentin
Huang, C-Y Lin, H-J Huang. Transcriptome profiling of
weight 5-2, 20-2, 36-15; seed number 3-2,
810
ss
genes and pathways associated with arsenic toxicity and
3-4; pod number 4-1; SDS 13-15; lodging
tolerance in Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biology 2014, 14:94
27-1; SCN 36-7
Wang et al.2014
Seed width 1-11; seed height 1-14; seed
LOC102660315
LOC100780100
Glyma04g40
Cell wall
sialophosphoprotein-like
Caffeic acid
580.1
/Lignin
3-O-methyltransferase-like
biosynthesis
F Martz, S Maury, G Pinc¸on, M Legrandc. DNA cloning,
length 1-14; seed volume 1-11; seed
substrate specificity and expression study of tobacco
protein 4-1, 4-2, 21-2; seed oil 20-1; flood
caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase, a lignin biosynthetic
tolerance 7-3; lodging 5-4
enzyme. Plant Molecular Biology (1998) 36:427–437
S-F Fu, P-Y Chen, TT Nguyen, L-Y Huang, G-R Zeng, T-L
Glycine max dentin
RSN/RS
qSCCW4-4
AW350342
Glyma04g41
Defense/stre
520
ss
LOC100814864
W/RBN
Seed protein 4-2; pod maturity 6-4; first
Huang, C-Y Lin, H-J Huang. Transcriptome profiling of
sialophosphoprotein-like
flower 22-1; flood tolerance 4-8, 7-3;
genes and pathways associated with arsenic toxicity and
(LOC100814864)
lodging 5-4
tolerance in Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biology 2014, 14:94
FJ Molina-Hidalgo, AR Franco, C Villatoro, L
Medina-Puche, JA Mercado, MA Hidalgo, A Monfort, JL
Seed oil 9-2; seed yield 11-1; pod maturity
Caballero, J Muñoz-Blanco, R Blanco-Portales. The
13-3, 26-1; seed yield to weight ratio 2-2;
Glyma06g09
RBN
qSCCW6-1
BE824098
LOC100814185
Rhamnogalacturonate
strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) fruit-specific
lyase-like
rhamnogalacturonate lyase 1(FaRGLyase1) gene encodes an
Cell wall
760.2
seed protein 30-5, 31-4; seed width 3-1,
1-4; seed height 1-6; seed weight 33-1;
enzyme involved in the degradation of cell-wall middle
seed length 3-1
lamellae. Journal of Experimental Botany (2013) 64,
1471-1483
Al tolerance 2-2, 2-3; SCN 20-2, 17-3;
RSN/RS
qSCCW6-3
BE819938
Glyma06g46
Defense/stre Probable carboxylesterase
680.1
ss
LOC100806530
W
Wang et al.2014
SDS 1-1, 2-5, 7-5; photoperiod
6-like
insensitivity 5-1
M Suzuki, AM Settles, C-W Tseung, Q-B Li, S Latshaw, S
Molybdopterin synthase
LCL
qSCCW6-2
BE657170
Glyma06g41
Growth and
117.1
development
LOC100527353
Al tolerance 2-2, 2-3; SCN 20-2, 17-3;
Wu, TG Porch, EA Schmelz, MG James, DR McCarty. The
sulfur carrier subunit
SDS 1-1, 2-5, 7-5; photoperiod
maize viviparous15 locus encodes the molybdopterin
[Medicago truncatula]
insensitivity 5-1
synthase small subunit. The Plant Journal(2006) 45, 264-274
LW
qSCCW7-1
AW348164
Glyma07g05
Signal
720
transduction
LOC100804074
Transcribed locus,
Maischak H, Grigoriev PA, Vogel H, Boland W, Mithoefer
Seed yield 1-2, 2-1, 3-1, 19-4; seed
moderately similar to
A (2007). Oral secretions from herbivorous lepidopteran
number 1-1; seed protein 13-3, 12-4; seed
XP_002263524.1
larvae exhibit ion channel-forming activities. FEBS Letters
abortion 1-4; Phytoph 14-8; Corn earworm
PREDICTED: hypothetical
581, 898-904.
8-2; Common cutworm 1-2
Fu X-D. The superfamily of arginine/serine-rich splicing
Seed weight 34-13, 35-1, 36-10; seed
factors. RNA (1995) 1, 663-680
length 1-3;
protein [Vitis vinifera]GIF3
(GRF1-INTERACTING
FACTOR 3); protein
binding / transcription
coactivator [A.
thaliana]SSXT
protein-related /
transcription
co-activator-related,
Calcium-responsive
transcription coactivator
Other/mRN
A
serine/arginine-rich
processing,
splicing factor 2-like
Glyma08g07
RBN
qSCCW8-1
AW350540
LOC100804370
730.2
Defense/stre isoform X1 [Glycine max]
ss
Seed weight 34-10, 34-13, 35-1; 36-10;
Glyma08g15
PW
qSCCW8-2
AW348448
RF Ditt, KF Kerr, P de Figueiredo, J Delrow, L Comai, EW
L9-like isoform 1 [Glycine
Nester. The Arabidopsis thalianaTranscriptome in Response
max]
to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. MPMI (2006) 19, 665–681.
Defense/stre
LOC100306058
3400
60S ribosomal protein
seed oil 1-1, 16-1, 30-3, 34-1; seed protein
ss
34-4; SCN 9-3, 29-5, 30-3, 42-1; flood
tolerance 7-2
Seed weight 34-13, 36-1, 34-1,37-8,7-1;
seed linoleic 6-2; seed N at R6 1-1; seed
RSN/RS
Glyma08g40
qSCCW8-3
W
AW350496
LOC100499950
Glycine max
Unfunction
060.1
Ala1-2; seed Pro 1-1; Seed Ser 1-1; seed
uncharacterized protein
height 1-1; seed length 1-2; seed volume
1-3; seed set 1-1; seed oil plus protein 1-1;
SCN 37-4;
Seed weight 40-4; seed yield 22-7, 22-8,
Glyma09g26
LCL
qSCCW9-1
BE822613
LOC100812283
Glycine max
28-7, 29-1; seed protein 35-4; pubescence
uncharacterized protein
density 2-15; Sclero 5-10, 2-16, 3-11, 4-7,
Unfunction
362
8-3
Inactive rhomboid protein
LCL
qSCCW9-2
BE822244
Glyma09g26
Growth and
610
development
LOC100813345
1-like, Rhomboid family
MM Kanaokaa, S Urban, M Freeman, K Okada. An
proteins, serine-type
Arabidopsis Rhomboid homolog is an intramembrane
endopeptidase activity,
protease in plants. FEBS Letters 579 (2005) 5723-5728
Orphan
integral to membrane
Soybean protein-coding
RSN/RS
qSCCW9-3
NM_001248578.
Glyma09g27
Defense/stre
1
180
ss
BE659151
W/LCL
gene DREB1-like,
PK Agarwal, P Agarwal, MK Reddy, SK Sopory. Role of
sequence-specific DNA
DREB transcription factors in abiotic and biotic stress
binding transcription factor
tolerance in plants. Plant Cell Rep (2006) 25, 1263-1274
Orphan
activity, AP2 domain
M Bureau, V Leh, M Haas, A Geldreich, L Ryabova, P Yot,
60S Ribosomal protein
LCL
qSCCW9-4
BE657945
Glyma09g34
Defense/stre L13,structural constituent
760
ss
LOC100305489
Ma Keller. P6 protein of Cauliflower mosaic virus,a
Seed weight 2-7, 27-3; pod maturity 27-2,
translation reinitiator, interacts with ribosomal protein L13
29-2; SCN 34-3; lodging 5-9; flood
fromArabidopsis thaliana. ournal of General Virology
tolerance 6-4
of ribosome, intracellular,
ribosome, translation
(2004), 85, 3765–3775
Growth and
Zhao ZG, Zhu SS, Zhang YH, Bian XF, Wang Y, Jiang L,
Glyma09g34
development Ankyrin-3-like, protein
Liu X, Chen LM, Liu SJ, Zhang WW, Ikehashi H, Wan JM.
880
/hybrid
Molecular analysis of an additional case of hybrid sterility in
Seed weight 2-7, 27-3; pod maturity 27-2,
RPH
qSCCW9-5
BE822313
LOC100818162
29-2; SCN 34-3; lodging 5-9; flood
binding
tolerance 6-4
sterility
RPH
qSCCW9-6
BE819927
rice (Oryza sativa L.). Planta (2011) 233:485–494
Glyma09g35
Other/DNA
Alkylated DNA repair
E van den Born, MV Omelchenko, A Bekkelund, V Leihne,
Seed weight 2-7, 27-3; pod maturity 27-2,
080
or RNA
protein alkB homolog
EV. Koonin, VV Dolja and P Falnes. Viral AlkB proteins
29-2; SCN 34-3; lodging 5-9; flood
LOC100777529
repair
8-like , 20G-Fe(ll)
repair RNA damage by oxidative demethylation. Nucleic
oxygenase superfamily
Acids Research (2008) 36, 17 5451–5461
tolerance 6-4
Hideki Sakamoto, Kyonoshin Maruyama, Yoh Sakuma,
C2H2-like zinc finger
Tetsuo Meshi, Masaki Iwabuchi, Kazuo Shinozaki, and
protein [Arabidopsis
Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki. Arabidopsis
thaliana], Glycine max
Cys2/His2-Type Zinc-Finger Proteins Function as
uncharacterized protein
Transcription Repressors under Drought, Cold, and
LOC100799153
High-Salinity Stress Conditions. Plant Physiology (2004)
Seed weight 34-8, 35-8, 36-8;
qSCCW10LCL
Glyma10g37
BE659808
Defense/stre
LOC100799153
1
780
reproduction stage length 7-5, 9-2, 8-2;
ss
Pod maturity 32-2; seed linoleic 5-3, 6-7;
lodging 20-6; SCN 37-1
136, 2734–2746
qSCCW12RPH
Glyma12g22
BE658187
LOC100527638
1
Glycine max
Unfunction
380
Orphan
uncharacterized protein
Cleavage and
polyadenylation specificity
factor subunit
3-I-like,CLEAVAGE AND
POLYADENYLATION
SPECIFICITY FACTOR,
W Keller, S Bienroth, KM Lang', G Christofori. Cleavage
qSCCW12LCL
Metallo-beta-lactamase
A
superfamily,
processing
RNA-metabolising
Glyma12g29
BE659570
2
Other/mRN
LOC100806136
031
and polyadenylation factor CPF specifically interacts with
Corn earworm 1-2, 2-2, 3-2, 9-3; Pod
the pre-mRNA 3' processing signal AAUAAA. The EMBO
borer 1-1; SCN39-4
Journal (1991) 10, 4241-4249
metallo-beta-lactamase,
Beta-Casp domain,
Pre-mRNA
3'-end-processing
endonuclease
polyadenylation factor
C-term, mRNA cleavage
and polyadenylation factor
II complex, BRR5 (CPSF
subunit), hydrolase activity,
cleavage and
polyadenylation specificity
factor subunit 3
Seed weight 36-4, 34-4, 41-1; seed oil
37-5; seed protein 33-1; flood tolerance
qSCCW12RBN
Glyma12g31
BE659791
LOC100790767
3
Glycine max
Unfunction
900
7-1; Drought tolerance 6-4; drought index
uncharacterized protein
1-3; Pubescence density 2-8, 2-7; corn
earworm7-2
DNA-damage-repair/tolerat J Du, Y-P Huang, J Xi, M-J Cao, W-S Ni, X Chen, J-Kang
Seed weight 6-6, 11-3, 15-3, 40-1, 41-2;
ion protein
Zhu, DJ Oliver, C-B Xiang. Functional gene-mining for
seed height 1-9; seed fill 3-1; Seed length
DRT100-like,leucine rich
salt-tolerance genes with the power of Arabidopsis. The
1-9; Seed protein 21-6, 33-2; seed oil
repeat protein
Plant Journal (2008) 56, 653-664
13-3, 37-7
Other/DNAqSCCW13RPH
Glyma13g43
AW349129
LOC100795366
1
damage-repa
980
ir
stearoyl-acyl carrier protein
desaturases，Soybean
P Zhang, JW Burton, RG Upchurch, E Whittle, J Shanklin,
protein-coding gene
RSN/RS qSCCW14-
BE823714,B NM_001249462.
Glyma14g27
Seed oil
W
1
E823081
1
RE Dewey. Mutations in a Δ9–stearoyl-ACP-desaturase
SACPD-C,
990
Seed weight 10-4, 13-3, 36-14; seed yield
23-10, 23-11; seed maturity 24-1, 24-11,
gene are associated with enhanced stearic acid levels in
Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]
19-4; seed oil 14-1, 28-1, 30-4
soybean seeds. Crop Sci. 48, 2305-2313 (2008)
desaturase activty, fatty
acid metabiolic process
qSCCW15RBN
Glyma15g01
BE821288
1
LOC100801050
360
Cytochrome c oxidase
Curi GC, Welchen E, Chan RL, Gonzalez DH. Nuclear and
subunit 5b-2,
mitochondrial genes encoding cytochromecoxidase subunits
Cellular
Seed yield 16-4, 17-3; seed protein 1-5,
respiration
31-2; seed oil 2-5; corn earworm 7-1, 8-1
mitochondrial-like,CYTOC respond differently to the same metabolic factors. Plant
HROME C OXIDASE
Physiology and Biochemistry 41 (2003) 689–693.
SUBUNIT 5B,
MITOCHONDRIAL,
Cytochrome c oxidase
subunit Vb, Cytochrome-c
oxidase. Cytochrome c
oxidase, subunit Vb/COX4,
cytochrome-c oxidase
activity, mitochondrial
envelope, cytochrome c
oxidase subunit Vb
60S RIBOSOMAL
PROTEIN L37, Ribosomal
protein L37e, 60S
K-Y Kim, S-W Park, Y-S Chung, C-H Chung, J-I Kim, J-H
ribosomal protein L37,
qSCCW15LW
AW348922
Glyma15g01
Defense/stre
860
ss
LOC100306503
2
Lee. Molecular cloning of low-temperature-inducible
Seed yield 16-4, 17-3; seed protein 1-5,
ribosomal proteins from soybean. Journal of Experimental
31-2; seed oil 2-5; corn earworm 7-1, 8-1
structural constituent of
ribosome, intracellular,
Botany (2004) 55, 1153-1155
ribosome, translation, large
subunit ribosomal protein
L37e
Shaggy-related protein
kinase eta-like,
Seed weight 6-3; seed yield 16-5; seed oil
Y Saidi, TJ Hearn, JC Coates. Function and evolution of
qSCCW15-
BE821133,B
LCL
Glyma15g09
Defense/stre GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE
090
ss
LOC100779448
3
E823258
‘green’GSK3/Shaggy-like kinases. Trends in Plant Science
KINASE-3 ALPHA,
24-23, 2-8, 2-4, 27-2, 24-24, 2-9; seed
protein 4-5, 4-6, 3-6, 5-1; SCN 22-3;
(2012) 17, 39-46
Protein kinase domain,
Non-specific
phytoph 5-2
serine/threonine protein
kinase.Glycogen synthase
kinase-3, protein kinase
activity, ATP binding,
protein phosphorylation,
protein brassinosteroid
insensitive 2
A Racolta, AC Bryan, FE Tax. The Receptor-Like Kinases
LRR receptor-like
GSO1 and GSO2 Together Regulate Root Growth in
qSCCW15LCL
BE821915
Glyma15g09
Growth and
serine/threonine-protein
130
development kinase GSO1-like, protein
LOC100779989
4
Arabidopsis Through Control of Cell Division and Cell Fate
Orphan
Specification. DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS (2014)
binding
243:257-278
Seed weight 6-1; seed width 1-1;
qSCCW15LCL
Glyma15g27
BE657344
LOC100803169
5
Glycine max
Unfunction
760
pubescence density 2-6; lodging 5-14;
uncharacterized protein
SCN 25-1
Seed yield to plant height ratio 1-3; seed
RSN/RS qSCCW16-
Glyma16g04
BE824226
W
LOC100527888
1
Glycine max
oil 34-4, 20-3; reproductive stage length
uncharacterized protein
9-1; Seed sucrose 3-5; lodging 3-4; corn
Unfunction
150
earworm7-4
qSCCW16RBN
Glyma16g25
AW350865
LOC100306215
2
Glycine max
Seed set 1-10; first flower 9-3; pod
uncharacterized protein
dehiscence 2-1; SCN 40-3; BSR 1-2
Unfunction
850
T Ichikawa, Y Suzuki, I Czaja, C Schommer, A Leßnick, J
qSCCW17LCL/LW
BE820710
Glyma17g02
Signal
adenylyl cyclase [Zea
Schell, R Walden. Identification and role of adenylyl cyclase Seed weight 3-1; seed width 1-6; SCN
620
transduction
mays]
in auxin signalling in higher plants. Nature 395,244-250
LOC100813371
1
23-2
(1998)
LCL/LW qSCCW17-
BE658323
LOC100791510
Glyma17g02
Other/chrom Glycine max putative
DFV Corona, G La¨ngst, CR Clapier, EJ Bonte, S Ferrari,
Seed weight 3-1; seed width 1-6; SCN
2
640
atin remodel chromatin-remodeling
JW Tamkun, PB Becker. ISWI is an ATP-dependent
complex ATPase
nucleosome remodeling factor. Molecular Cell (1999) 3,
chain-like, ATP binding /
239-245
DNA binding /
DNA-dependent ATPase/
helicase/ hydrolase, acting
on acid anhydrides, in
phosphorus-containing
anhydrides / nucleic acid
binding / nucleosome
binding [Arabidopsis
thaliana],
SWI/SNF-RELATED
MATRIX-ASSOCIATED
ACTIN-DEPENDENT
REGULATOR OF
CHROMATIN
SUBFAMILY-RELATED,
ISWI
CHROMATIN-REMODEL
ING COMPLEX ATPASE
ISW1, SNF2 family
N-terminal domain,
Helicase conserved
C-terminal domain, HAND,
SLIDE, Chromatin
23-2
remodeling complex
WSTF-ISWI, small
subunit, nucleic acid
binding, DNA binding,
helicase activity
Lipoamide acyltransferase
component of
branched-chain alpha-keto
acid dehydrogenase
complex,
mitochondrial-like,DIHYD
ROLIPOAMIDE
ACETYL/SUCCINYL-TR
L Li, P Thipyapong, DC Breeden, JC Steffens.
ANSFERASE-RELATED,
Overexpression of a bacterial branched-chain-keto acid
LIPOAMIDE
qSCCW17LCL
BE821873
3
Glyma17g03
Amino acid
110
composition
LOC100778785
dehydrogenase complex inArabidopsisresults in
Seed weight 3-1; seed width 1-6; SCN
ACYLTRANSFERASE
accumulation of branched-chain acyl-CoAs and alteration of 23-2
COMPONENT OF
free amino acid composition in seeds. Plant Science 165
BRANCHED-CHAIN
(2003) 1213-1219
ALPHA-KETO ACID
DEHYDROGENASE
COMPLEX,
MITOCHONDRIAL,
2-oxoacid dehydrogenases
acyltransferase (catalytic
domain), Biotin-requiring
enzyme, e3 binding
domain,
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residu
e
(2-methylpropanoyl)transfe
rase.
Fumarylacetoacetate
hydrolase
qSCCW17LCL
AW348694
domain-containing protein
C Han, C Ren, T Zhi, Z Zhou, Y Liu, F Chen, W Peng,
1 homolog,
Xie. Disruption of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Causes
Seed weight 3-1; seed width 1-6; SCN
Spontaneous Cell Death under Short-Day Conditions in
23-2
Glyma17g03
Growth and
120
development Fumarylacetoacetate
D
LOC100782718
4
hydrolase family, predicted
Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology (2013) 162, 1956–1964
fumarylacetoacetate
hydralase, catalytic activity
Glycine max protein
STICHEL-like 2-like,
ATPase femily associted
qSCCW17PW
BE820848
Glyma17g13
Trichomes
560
branching
LOC100808544
5
with various cellular
H Ilgenfritz, D Bouyer, A Schnittger, J Mathur, V Kirik, B
activities (AAA), DNA
Schwab, N-H Chua, G Ju¨rgens, M Hu¨lskamp. The
polymerase III subunits
Arabidopsis STICHEL gene is a regulator of trichome
gamma and tau domain III,
branch number and encodes a novel protein. Plant
Orphan
replication factor C, subunit Physiology (2003) 131, 643-655
RFC4,DNA-directed
DNApolymerase activity,
ATP binding
qSCCW17LCL
BE658614
6
Glyma17g37
Defense/stre Gibberellin regulated
760
ss
LOC100500115
Wang et al.2014a
protein
No corresponding QTL
qSCCW18PW
BE823265
Glyma18g00
Defense/stre
690
ss
LOC100775792
1
Cysteine proteinase
Y Zhao, MA Botella, L Subramanian, X Niu, SS Nielsen,
inhibitor 2-like, Cystain
RA Bressan, PM Hasegawa. Two Wound-lnducible Soybean
domain, cysteine-type
Cysteine Proteinase lnhibitors Have Greater lnsect Digestive No corresponding QTL
endopeptidase inhibtor
Proteinase Inhibitory Activities than a Constitutive
activity
Homolog. Plant Physiol. (1996) 111, 1299-1306
Z Gong, C-H Dong, H Lee, J Zhu, L Xiong, D Gong, B
DEAD/DEAH box
Stevenson, J-K Zhu. A DEAD box RNA helicase is essential
helicase, Helicase
for mRNA export and important for development and stress
conserced C-terminal
qSCCW18LW
Glyma18g02
BE657703
Defense/stre
LOC100527323
2
responses in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell (2005) 17, 256-267
domain, ATP-dependent
760
ss
More than 20 SCN resistance QTLs
T Nakamura, Y Muramoto, S Yokota, A Ueda, T Takabe.
RNA helicase, nucleic acid
Structural and transcriptional characterization of a
binding, ATP-dependent
salt-responsive gene encoding putative ATP-dependent
helicase activity
RNA helicase in barley. Plant Science (2004) 167, 63-70
Glycine max cultivar
Kefeng No.1 beta-form
rubisco activase (RCAbeta)
LW/RP
qSCCW18GQ996945
H
Glyma18g04
Photosynthe
gene, ATPase family
081
sis
associated with various
LOC100797222
3
Cao et al. 2014
cellular activities, 26S
proteasome regulatory
complex
Seed weight 4-3, 12-5, 13-10; seed yield
BQ630104,
qSCCW19-
BM527715,
NM_001249213.
Glyma19g28
Defense/stre Transcriptional factor
1
BM178761,
1
476
ss
RPH
S Puranik, PP Sahu, PS Srivastava, M Prasad. NAC
23-7; seed oil 2-7, 5-3, 24-9, 31-3; Seed
proteins: regulation and
protein 1-7, 34-10; Al tolerance 3-9; Flood
role in stress tolerance.
NAC11,DNA binding
Trends in Plant Science (2012) 17, 369-381
tolerance 6-2; lodging 19-2; Plant height
BU081560
5-11, 5-12, 22-1
Alpha-L-arabinofuranosida
qSCCW19RPH
se 1-like, carbohydrate
RAC Montes, P Ranocha, Y Martinez, Z Minic, L Jouanin,
Seed yield 24-1; seed yield to plant height
binding domain, Alpha l
M Marquis, L Saulnier, LM Fulton, CS Cobbett, F Bitton,
ratio 2-6; seed weight 15-7, 17-1,
-arabinofuranosidase
J-P Renou, A Jauneau, D Goffner. Cell Wall Modifications
35-7;Seed width 1-8; seed height 1-11;
C-terminus, hydrolase
in Arabidopsis Plants with Altereda-L-Arabinofuranosidase
pod number 1-9; SDS 13-3; plant height
Glyma19g30
AW348610
LOC100787207
2
Cell wall
450
activiity, acting on glycosyl Activity. Plant Physiology (2008) 147, 63–77
8-4
bonds
Endo-1,4-beta-mannanase
Y Zhao, D Song, J Sun, L Li. Populus endo-beta-mannanase
(LOC778029), Cellulase
PtrMAN6 plays a role in coordinating cell wall remodeling
qSCCW19-
AI930694,
LCL
Glyma19g41
LOC778029
3
BM521238
(glycosyl hydrolase family
Cell wall
090
with suppression of secondary wall thickening through
Orphan
5), hydrolase activity,
generation of oligosaccharide signals. The Plant
hydrolyzing O-glycosyl
Journal(2013)74,473–485
compounds
Glycine max mediator of
qSCCW19RBN
BE821937
Glyma19g43
Other/RNA
RNA polymerase II
Seed yield 22-9; seed yield to plant height
440
processing
transcription subunit
ratio 3-2; seed protein 16-2
LOC100783484
4
14-like (LOC100783484)
JM ALAMILLO, JL DÍAZ-LEAL, MV
qSCCW20LCL
NM_001249019.
Glyma20g17
Defense/stre
1
440
ss
AW348199
1
Nodulin 35 (Uox), Uriase,
SÁNCHEZ-MORAN, M PINEDA. Molecular analysis of
factor independent urate
ureide accumulation under drought stress in Phaseolus
hydroxylase, urate oxidase
vulgaris L. Plant, Cell and Environment (2010) 33,
Orphan
1828-1837.
Seed weight 36-5; seed oil 24-6, 27-4; pod
qSCCW20-
BU090932,
2
BM269908
qSCCW20-
BE821199
LW
Glyma20g24
LOC100801531
Glycine max
Unfunction
440
maturity 24-8; SDS 7-6; phytoph 8-2,
uncharacterized protein
14-10
LW
LOC100798693
Glyma20g26
Defense/stre Glycine max 66 kDa stress
S van Nocker, P Ludwig. The WD-repeat protein
Seed weight 36-5; seed oil 27-8; SCN
3
260
ss
protein-like， Transducin
superfamily in Arabidopsis: conservation and divergence in
family protein / WD-40
structure and function. BMC Genomics (2003) 4, 50.
34-2
repeat family protein
isoform 1[Theobroma
cacao] ，WD-domain, beta
repeat, U5 snRNP-specific
protein factor and related
proteins, WD40 repeat
stress protein/actin
interacting protein, protein
binding,transducin family
protein / WD-40 repeat
family protein [A. thaliana]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase
Seed weight 15-5, 31-3, 36-5; seed yield
RNF167-like,
qSCCW20RBN
AW349256
4
Glyma20g31
Other/protei
460
n breakdown
LOC100793048
Zinc
RD Vierstra. The ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway, the
25-5 28-6; seed set 2-1; seed oil 27-9,
finger,C3HC4 type, PA
complex last chapter in the life of many plant proteins.
domain, protein binding,
TRENDS in Plant Science (2003) 8, 135-142
33-3; Pod maturity 22-4, 31-4; lodging
23-1, 24-1
zinc ion biding
LW: larval weight; PW: pupal weight; LCL: larva-consumed leaf weight; RPH: ratio of treatment to control for the plant height; RBN: ratio of treatment to control for the branching number; RSN: ratio of treatment to
control for the seed number per plant; RSW: ratio of treatment to control for the seed weight per plant