Chapter 4
The Cell in Action
The movement of particles from an
area where their concentration is
high to an area where their
concentration is low
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Diffusion
The movement of particles from an
area where their concentration is
high to an area where their
concentration is low
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The diffusion of water across a cell
membrane
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Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a cell
membrane
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The diffusion of particles through
proteins in the cell membranes from
areas where the concentration of particles
is high to areas where the concentration
of particles is low
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Passive transport
The diffusion of particles through proteins in the
cell membranes from areas where the
concentration of particles is high to areas
where the concentration of particles is low
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The movement of particles through
proteins in the cell membranes
against the direction of diffusion;
requires cells to use energy
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Active transport
The movement of particles through
proteins in the cell membranes
against the direction of diffusion;
requires cells to use energy
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The process in which a cell
membrane surrounds a particle and
encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into
the cell
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Endocytosis
The process in which a cell
membrane surrounds a particle
and encloses it in a vesicle to bring
it into the cell
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The process used to remove large
particles from a cell; during which a
vesicle containing the particles fuses
with the cell membrane
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Exocytosis
The process used to remove large
particles from a cell; during which
a vesicle containing the particles
fuses with the cell membrane
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The process by which plants capture light
energy from the sun and convert it into
sugar
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Photosynthesis
The process by which plants capture light
energy from the sun and convert it into
sugar
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The process by of producing ATP
from oxygen and glucose; releases
carbon dioxide as a waste product
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Cellular respiration
The process by of producing ATP
from oxygen and glucose; releases
carbon dioxide as a waste product
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The breakdown of sugars to make ATP in
the absence of oxygen
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Fermentation
The breakdown of sugars to make ATP in
the absence of oxygen
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The life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it
consists of chromosome duplication,
mitosis and cytokinesis
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Cell Cycle
The life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it
consists of chromosome duplication,
mitosis and cytokinesis
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Coiled structure of DNA and
protein that forms in the cell
nucleus during cell division
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Chromosome
Coiled structure of DNA and protein
that forms in the cell nucleus
during cell division
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The simple cell division in which one
cell splits into two; used by bacteria
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Binary Fission
The simple cell division in which one cell
splits into two; used by bacteria
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Chromosomes with matching information
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Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosomes with matching information
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Identical copies of a chromosome
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Chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome
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The region that holds chromatids
together when a chromosome is
duplicated
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Centromere
The region that holds chromatids together
when a chromosome is duplicated
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Nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in
which each cell receives a copy of the
original chromosomes
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Mitosis
Nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in
which each cell receives a copy of the
original chromosomes
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The process in which cytoplasm
divides after mitosis
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Cytokinesis
The process in which cytoplasm divides
after mitosis
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