Islam: The Religion
Presentation by: Maritza Zamora, Cooper Duncan, Aimee Wright,
Shilo Stillman
Mrs. Mcgee 5th hour
Origin
• According to secular history
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The origin of Islam can be traced back to 7th century Saudi Arabia.
The prophet Muhammad introduced Islam in 610 C.E.
Muhammad dictated the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam.
Islam literally means “surrender” or “submission”.
• According to Islam
• It is generally accredited to the prophet Muhammad but to the devout Muslim,
Islam began long before Muhammad ever walked the earth.
• The Qur’an was dictated by Muhammad but, according to the Qur’an, it did not
originate with Muhammad.
• The Qur'an testifies of itself that it was given by God through the angel Gabriel
to the prophet Muhammad.
Muhammad
• Born in Mecca,Saudi Arabia in the year 570 C.E.
• He was an orphan at a young age.
• As the people of Mecca at the time were involved in many
sinful activities, prophet Muhammad did not admire those
activities and he went to cave Hira to seek peace and
solitude.
• In the cave he encountered the angel Gabriel and he said
“read in the name of Allah”
• After angel Gabriel came again with revelations, he started
preaching Islam to people.
• Muhammad was driven out of Mecca in 620 C.E. to Yathrib,
which is now known as Medina and is a second holy city.
• Muhammad made a final pilgrimage in 632 C.E., the year of
his death, and thereby established the rights of pilgrimage.
• His prophet hood lasted 23 years.
Battle of Tours
• Two armies fought.
• Charles Martel led the Frankish people against the Islamic
army led by Emir Abdul Rahman Al Gha Fiqi Abd Al Rahman.
• The location of the battle is unknown but historians assume
that it was near a meeting point of the rivers Clain and Vienne
in northern France.
• The Frankish army were without armor and there were more
Islamic soldiers and they had better weapons.
• The Frankish people won the battle because they decided
were the battle was located and they were better prepared
clothe wise because the weather was cold.
• Because of this battle, the Frankish kingdom became the
strongest kingdom in Europe and helped to spread
Christianity.
• This battle also stopped the Islamic armies from spreading.
Battle of Tours
The Kaaba
● It was built in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
● It means “cube” in Arabic.
● It is the holiest shrine in Islam.
history
● The Kaaba was a sanctuary in pre-Islamic times.
● Muslims believe that Abraham(known as Ibrahim in the Islamic
tradition)and his son, Ismail, constructed the Kaaba.
● Tradition holds that it was originally a simple unroofed rectangular
structure.
● The Quraysh tribe, who ruled Mecca, rebuilt the pre-Islamic Kaaba in 608
C.E. with alternating courses of masonry and wood.
● A door was raised above ground level to protect the shrine from intruders
and flood waters.
● The pre-Islamic Kaaba housed the black stone and statues of pagan
gods.
● The black stone was believed to have been given to Ibrahim by the angel
Gabriel and is revered by Muslims.
The Kaaba
Prayer and pilgrimage
● In Islam, Muslims pray five times a day and after
624 C.E., these prayers were directed towards
Mecca and the Kaaba rather than Jerusalem.
● This direction is marked in all mosques and
enables the faithful to know in what direction
they should pray.
● The Qur’an established the direction of prayer.
● All Muslims aspire to undertake the hajj, or the
annual pilgrimage to the Kaaba once in their life
if they are able.
The Kaaba
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The five pillars of Islam
The first pillar is Shahadah (Testify). In this pillar, Muslims must say this simple yet essential phrase,
“There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.” This statement also proves the
person’s complete acceptance to Islam.There is no traditional service, like a baptism so to speak as
to officially become a Muslim except for this phrase.
Obligatory prayer or Salah is the second pillar. Muslims are to offer prayer five times at different
times in the day. Muslims pray at dawn, noon, in the afternoon, in the evening, and at night. While
doing this, the subject who is practicing this ritual should be facing the direction of Makkah, which
is Islam’s most holy city. This ceremony, Salah, can be done alone, but it’s admirable to do this
with others. Salah can be done outdoors, inside, at work, but it is recommended to perform in a
Mosque.
Zakah otherwise charity is next. Another basic Muslim duty is to donate 2.5% of all income and
processions. This requirement is thought to be part of Muslims service to God and their
community and this requirement helps out to most needy and poor. Along with all the other
benefits, this also helps remind Muslims to be grateful of what they do have and to uplift all
others who are less fortunate than they are.
Fasting, known also as Seyam is the fourth pillar of Islam. During the month of Ramadan,
Muslims hope to get a closer and deeper relationship to god in this holy practice. Helping with
self-control Ramadan also helps heighten one's senses and assists one in understanding the
suffering of the starving. Ramadan is in celebration of when the Prophet Muhammad
discovered the Holy Qur’an. The ceremony commences with the sighting of the first new
moon. No eating, drinking and participating in sensual practices is strictly banned. Obviously,
people suffering from illnesses, eating disorders, or other health concerns are pardoned.
The final pillar of Islam is Hajj (pilgrimage). It is not required, but if possible, followers of Islam
should try to travel to Mekka in their lifetime. People who are not well or physically unable to do
this are not punished for not completing this task. Celebrated on the 12th month of the Islamic
calendar, Hajj is meant for the follower to forget everything else and focus only on Allah and their
relationship with him.
Religious beliefs of Muslims
1. Oneness of god: belief that Allah is the only God and the only one to worship
2. Belief Mala-eka (Angels): Trust that Allah made unseen creatures like Angels. Muslims believe in
their existence, names, tasks, and descriptions as given in the Quran and the Sunnah.
3. Accept and follow the books of Allah: Five books were given to mankind through Allah’s Prophets.
The five divine books are: a) Abraham’s Scrolls ; b) Zabur or Psalms revealed to David; c) Tarwrah
(Torah) delivered to Moses; d) Injil (Gospel) presented to Jesus; and finally e) Quran given to
Muhammad.
4. Trust in the Prophets of Allah: Sent to be messengers to mankind, Allah appointed Prophets for
their guidance. Similar to angels, Muslims accept their existence, their names, and their
messanges. Prophets are different to Allah also in a sense that they are void of divinity because
divinity is obtained exclusively the one who had sent them. All righteous, truthful, and spiritual they
also followed the divine commandments in everything they did.
5. Belief in Yawn al-Qiyama (Day of Judgement): Followers of Islam have faith that everything that we
know and will know and have known will one day come to an end on one day. Everything is said to
be destroyed and Allah will bring the dead back to life. Every individual concludes that Allah will
judge the whole world individually, and their actions they took during their life determines the
destiny they will have. A good life is rewarded, and paradise is promised or Jannah. Unless they
are forgiven, the persons that are punished are sent to Jahannam or Hellfire.
6. Qada wal-Qada (Destiny, Divine Decree): Followers of Islam are in faith that Allah controlls the
whole universe. This entails everything that happens from the smallest to the biggest event.
Leaning back and doing nothing is not what this means, although they have faith in Allah. Peace of
heart, mind and soul is what this belief bring instead of laziness and a blind eye. In short, what
happens cannot fail to happen especially when it was meant to happen.
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The Islamic Shariah (Laws of Islam)
Shariah is a divine code of practice meant to serve as guidelines to all Muslims. Two categories are
meant to be followed: Muamalat (the system of dealing) and Ebadat (the system of worship). Allah
governs all the laws of Islam through the Quran and the Sunnah. In Islam, some things are prohibited that
are deemed unlawful such as drinking alcohol and using drugs.
1. War: This is only to be used as an absolute last resort under the most extraordinary cases when all
other peaceful attempts have failed. Every being is entitled to enjoy a peaceful and life free of harm
in Islam regardless of where they come from, or what religion they are.
2. Jihad: Many people when they think of Islam this is what they think of. Jihad does not mean “Holy
war” and is used intended for war. This phrase also means is not against Christians and Jews in
any way. Literally translating to “striving, struggling or exerting more effort than usual for the
betterment of one’s self and the community.” , Jihad is multidimensional because it has
internal,societal and combative purposes.
a) Internal, Jihad includes the struggle to better one’s self in the attempt to avoid temptation
and evil both inside and outside. This also encompasses the struggle to overcome problems,
difficulties, and trying tasks.
b) Secondly, fighting against societal injustice is the social aspect. Attempting to create a
communal identity through charity, respect, and equality and calling people out on their good and
bad deeds is also another part of Jihad.
c) Lastly the combative side of Jihad is simply to fight against aggression, tyranny, and evil
oppression within certain guidelines. Strict limits are to be adhered, paying special attention to
preserving the life of innocents and the sanctity of the environment.
3. Islam does not tolerate any form of terrorism, and ensures the preservation of life, including nonMuslim lives, honor property and freedom to follow any religion that someone chooses as long as
the religion does not hurt others in the process of doing so. Allah has described great punishments
for the people who performed such actions.
4. Women in Islam: Viewed as equal, mature, capable, and without whom a family could not exist,
women in Islam are considered no less to men. Men and women were created with the same abilities
by Allah, so they are treated as such with honour and respect. Her sexuality is not exploited in any
way, she is treated as a human being who’s sexuality is not public and is only shared with whom
she choses. Marriage is not forced, and can only commence with the wife’s consent. Traditionally, the man
provides for the family while the wife takes care of the house and home. Cooperation between the
husband and the wife is essential, and any important matter is discussed between the two of them.
5. Dress: Clothing worn by followers of Islam are to be clean, proper, modest and decent. Muslim women
in particular are instructed to wear a hijab (minimum headwear)
Hijabs are allowed to be taken off when at home, with other women, with family members and with family
members she is forbidden to marry.
Unlawful clothing includes tight clothing, transparent clothing, clothes that expose parts of the body
that are sexually attractive, swimsuits, makeup or perfume in public, and wigs. Islam does not regaurd a
woman’s beauty for public display.
6. Traditions and culture that interferes with Islam: Sometimes these things overlap, and one may prohibit
the other. People may claim at times that a certain thing is apart of their religion when it is not, or do things
that is not prohibited within Islam. These things are shown to everyone and someone who may not know
the practises of Islam could take this to mean that every Muslim acts this way, much like famous events
even in America. The laws of other religions should not come into practice with other religions. What one
religion may deen right another may deem a sin and so on. Islam commands people to lower their eyes if
they are talking to someone important, yet in some cultures this is seen as disrespectful. To live truly
peacefully in this world, you have to come to terms with other people, especially because so many things
are different such as background, language, religion, lifestyle and traditions. Some people may be different
then you are, but this should not automatically make you assume that they are a bad person.
Dove = peace! ♡
Major Turning Points
● The religion has not changed in the fact that the population is still
influenced by the monotheistic lifestyle, they believe in one god (Allah),
and The Five Pillars.
● Islam has changed by expanding their territory, spreading their culture,
and by the improvements in trade.
● Islam spread throughout the Arabian peninsula
● A major change came with the death of Muhammad in 632 CE
● This allowed the first four caliphs known among Muslims as the Rightly
Guided Caliphs to lead the religion
● In the years to follow civil war broke out among the Muslims.
● Sunni Muslims thought the caliphs were the rightful political and military
leaders.
● Shia (“party” or “faction”) believed that the leader should be a blood
relative to Muhammad.
● This conflict between groups still exists in the twenty-first century
Dave
Chappelle
Snoop Dogg
Ahmed Zewail
nobel prize in
Chemistry
Malcolm X
Ghostface Killah
Muhammad Ali
Boxer
Rima Fakih
miss USA 2010
Mike Tyson
Dr.Oz
Janet Jackson
Ice Cube
Jawed Karim (co founder
of Youtube)
Cat Stevens
Shaq
Raekwon
(Wu Tang
Clan)
Akon
The Spread of Islam
Present Day
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It is estimated that 45% of Africans are Muslim.
40% of Asia is Muslim
Europe has several million Muslims
⅕ of the world’s Muslims population live in the Middle East
Australia has 340,392 Muslims or 2% of the population
40-50 Muslims in New Zealand or 8% Muslim
1.5 Million Muslims today!
Islam is the 2nd largest religion today
Bibliography
"Origin Of Islam." AllAboutReligion.org. 2002. Web. 5 Oct. 2015.
"Muhammad." Web. 5 Oct. 2015.
"Islam Beliefs and Practices." Islam Beliefs and Practices. The Islamic Bulletin P.O. Box 410186, San
Francisco, CA 94141-0186, n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2015.
"The Five Pillars Of Islam." The Five Pillars Of Islam. Information Office of the Royal Embassy of
Saudi Arabia in Washington, DC, 2015. Web. 06 Oct. 2015.
"Zakah - Islamic Relief USA." Islamic Relief USA. Islamic Relief USA, 2015. Web. 06 Oct. 2015.
"Present Day." Islamic History. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015.
Bibliography
"Origin Of Islam." AllAboutReligion.org. 2002. Web. 5 Oct. 2015.
"Muhammad." Web. 5 Oct. 2015.
"Battle of Tours (732 A.D.)." Battle of Tours (732 A.D.). Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
"Khan Academy." Khan Academy. 2015. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
"Changes and Continuities in the Islamic World from 600 to 1000 CE."
Changes and Continuities in the Islamic World from 600 to 1000 CE. Web.
7 Oct. 2015.