Skeletal System
sternum
The Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeletal System
Provide support
Protect internal organs
Allows your body to move
Stores and produced materials that your
body needs
You have 206 bones in your body
Babies have more WHY?
Compact Bone
Compact bone makes up the
outer layer of all bones. Although
it looks dense and solid, It is full
of holes for nerves and blood vessels.
Outer Membrane
An outer membrane
covers most of a long
bone. The inner
portion of a membrane
contains cells that
build up and
breakdown bone.
Spongy Bone
Spongy bone contains
flat
and needlelike
structures
that resist stress. Red
bone marrow may fill
the open spaces in
some bones.
Central Cavity
Central cavities in long bones
usually contain yellow bone marrow (fat).
Vocabulary
Complete vocabulary on Page 2
Example
Joint
A point in which two
bone come together
to allowed
movement
Ball and socket
located at
the hip
VOCABULARY
WORD
DEFINITION
WHERE DOES IT
OCCUR?
JOINT
Where 2 bones meet
Shoulder, elbow, knee
CARTILAGE
A tough supportive tissue that is softer and
more flexible than bone
At the end of bones, ear,
nose
OSSIFICATION
Process were cartilage is replaced by bone
Skull ends of bones
MARROW
The soft tissue that fills spaces in bones
Any bone
LIGAMENTS
A strong, fibrous band that holds bones
together at a joint
Anywhere 2 bones
come together
OSTEOPOROSIS
A condition in which significant loss of bone Any bones that don’t
mass causes bones to become weak and
receive enough calcium
break.
FRACTURE
A break in a bone
Any bone that has
trauma
SPRAIN
Overstretched or torn ligament
And joint that injury
occurs
SCOLIOSIS
Abnormal curvature of the spine
vertebrae
5 types of JOINTS in your body
Immovable Joint
Allows NO MOVEMENT
Hinge Joint
Allows for BENDING AND
STRAIGHTENING
Ball and Socket Joint
Allows movement in ALL
DIRECTIONS
Pivot Joint
Allows movement
SIDE TO SIDE
Gliding Joint
Allows movement in many
directions
ACTIVITIES
Bones relay
Egg and vinegar
Q-tip skeleton
TEST TOMORROW
Page 1 thru 3 in packet
NO NOTES
• CREATE A SKELETON
SIMILAR TO THAT IN YOUR
PACKET
• MAKE SURE ALL BONES ARE
REPRESENTED, INCLUDING
THE LOWER BONES OF THE
ARMS AND LEGS
• USE THE COTTON BALL FOR
HEAD AND MAYBE PELVIS
• LABEL ALL BONES
• LABEL 5 MUSCLES
• DUE AT THE END OF THE
HOUR!
Q-tip Skeleton
Muscular System
Types of muscles
Smooth Muscle = Involuntary muscles
that you DO NOT have direct control over
Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary muscle
only found in the HEART
Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary muscles that
you CAN control to do activity
What connects our bones an
muscles together?
Ligaments = Connects BONE to BONE
Tendon = Connects MUSCLE to BONE
Cartilage = PROTECTS the ends of the
bones and allows them to move
hamstrings
How muscles work
All muscles do work by contracting, or
becoming shorter and thicker.
Many skeletal muscles work in pairs.
One muscle in the pair contracts to move
the bone in one direction.
Then, the other muscle in the pair contracts
to move the bone back
Muscle Pairs
Bicep contracts
Triceps relaxes
Bicep relaxes
Triceps contracts
Activity on
page 273
teachers
addition
Nervous System
What is the Nervous System?
•Your nervous system receives information
about what is going on inside and outside
of your body.
•Then it processes the information and
forms a response to it.
•The basic unit of the nervous system is a
type of cell called a neuron
The MASTER ORGAN
1
2
3
Brain
2. Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nerves
1.
3.
Nervous System
Is Divided into
Central Nervous System
Includes
Brain
Spinal Cord
Three Regions
Cerebrum
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Peripheral Nervous System
Two Divisions
Sensory
Motor
Two Groups
Autonomic
Somatic
Regulates breathing
Signals Skeletal
muscles
Activities
Muscle relay
Mix messages (page 281)
Find the letter
Read this paragraph
Ring a Bell (page 279 Teacher
edition)
The Concussion Crisis article
Mixed Messages
Page 281
1 - Find the C below..
Please do not use any cursor help.
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
2- If you already found the C, now find
the 6 below.
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
69999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
99999999999999999999999999999999
3 - Now find the N below. It's a little
more difficult.
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
I cdnuolt blveiee that I cluod aulaclty
uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg. The
phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid,
aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde
Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in what oerdr the
ltteres in a word are, the olny iproamtnt tihng
is that the frsit and last ltteer be in the rghit
pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can
still raed it whotuit a pboerlm. This is bcuseae
the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by
istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Azanmig huh?
Yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was
ipmorantt!
ILLUSIONS
Cardiovascular
System
Functions of the
Cardiovascular System
Delivers materials
 Your heart continually pups blood in your blood vessels
throughout your body
Example – blood picks up glucose from your digestive system
and brings it to cells that need energy
Removes wastes
 It transports waste from your cells
Example - transports carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled
Fights Disease
 blood contains cells that fight disease and seal cuts
The 3 main parts of the
Cardiovascular System
The Heart
The Blood Vessels
Blood
Blood Flow through the Heart
Lungs
The right side
The left side of
of the system
the system
deals with
deals with
deoxygenated
oxygenated
blood.
blood.
Body Cells
Page 293
Major vessels from
upper body to the
heart
Vessels from the lung
to the heart
Right Atrium
The aorta carries
blood from the left
ventricle to the body
Vessel form the
lungs
Vessels from lung
to heart
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
YOUR HEART BEAT
Two main phases.
FIRST PHASE - the heart relaxes and the atria fill with
blood.
SECOND PHASE - the heart contracts and pumps
blood.
The rate at which your heart muscles contract is
regulated by the pacemaker, a small group of
cells in the wall of the right atrium.
Average heart rate depends on the person and
situation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSbbDnbSEyM
TAKING YOUR PULSE
BLOOD VESSELS
 Your heart pumps blood through an
extensive network of blood vessels.
 The three main types of blood vessels in
your body are
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins
Complete page 11 using
your book
ARTERIES
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Most arteries carry oxygen-rich blood
The largest artery in the body is the aorta
Arteries have thick walls that are both strong and
flexible.
Layer of cells
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
CAPILLARIES
 Branching from the smallest arteries are
capillaries, the smallest blood vessels
in your body.
 As blood flows through the capillaries,
oxygen and dissolved nutrients diffuse
through the capillary walls and into your
body’s cells.
VEINS
 From the capillaries, blood flows into small
blood vessels that join together to form
veins.
 Veins are large, thin-walled blood vessels
that carry blood to the heart.
BLOOD VESSELS
Capillary
Vein
Capillary
Cross Section
Single Layer of cells
Layer of cells
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Blood is blue in color when is it
NOT carrying oxygen.
MYTH
The fact is that blood is bright red when it is
carrying oxygen and dark red when it is not.
Veins appear blue because of the way light
reflects from skin.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the
heart (oxygenated)
Capillaries
Smallest arteries in the body – transports
oxygen and dissolves nutrients into your body
cells
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
(deoxygenated blood)
Plasma
Liquid portion of your blood – makes up 55%
of blood volume
Red Blood Cells Carries oxygen and contains hemoglobin to
which oxygen binds
White Blood
Cells
Fighter cells– protect us against disease
Platelets
Responsible for blood clotting
 The average adult has about
4 to 6 quarts of blood
circulating through his or
her blood vessels.
 The four components of
blood are
• Plasma
• White Blood Cells
• Red Blood Cells
• Platelets
BLOOD
PLASMA
 The liquid component of the blood is
called plasma
 This straw-colored liquid makes up
about 55 percent of the blood.
 Plasma is mostly water, with substances
such as nutrients, hormones, and salts
dissolved in it.
RED BLOOD CELLS
 The cells that carry oxygen from the
lungs to all the parts of your body are
red blood cells.
 Red blood cells contain hemoglobin,
which is an iron-containing substance to
which oxygen binds
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
 White blood cells help protect you
against diseases and foreign substances
Some white blood cells make
chemicals that help your body resist
diseases such as cancer.
Others destroy invading
microorganisms by surrounding and
consuming them.
Platelets
 are cell fragments that play an
important role in the blood clotting
process
 When you get a cut, platelets stick to
the edges of the cut and release
proteins called clotting factors.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18--LFIs-FM
Respiratory
System
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 is responsible for bringing oxygen from
the outside environment into the body
 It also removes carbon dioxide from the
body
Respiratory
System
7.
Label the parts
of the
Respiratory
System and
its purpose
Page 307
Respiratory System
1. Nose and Nasal Cavities – air comes into our body
2. Pharynx – (throat) it connects the mouth to the
respiratory track
3. Epiglottis and Larynx – the larynx contains the vocal
cords - when you swallow the epiglottis seals the
larynx.
4. Trachea – windpipe connects larynx to lungs
5. Bronchus – divides the trachea into 2 pipes one going
to each lung.
6. Lung – bronchi divide like branches of a tree to
smaller tubes. At the end of the tubes is where gas is
exchanged.
7. Cilia – capture mucus that contains dust and sweep it
towards the throat to be swallowed.
What it looks like
Blood rich in carbon dioxide
Blood rich
in oxygen
Capillary
HOW GAS IS EXCHANGED
 At the end of the smallest tubes in the lungs
are millions of tiny sacs that look like
bunches of grapes
 These sacs, called alveoli are where gases
are exchanged between the air and the
blood.
The Pathway of Air – page 306
THE PATHWAY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
______________________________________
Nose
_______________________________________
Pharynx
_______________________________________
Larynx
_______________________________________
Trachea
_______________________________________
Bronchi
lungs
_______________________________________
lungs
The Breathing Process
INHALATION
EXHALATION
The volume of the lungs increases and air
flows in.
The volume of the lungs decrease and air
is pushed out.
Rib cage moves up and out.
Rib cage returns to its original position.
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward.
THE BREATHING PROCESS
 Inhalation
 The volume in the lung increase and the air
flows in
 Function
Rib cage moves up and out
The Diaphragm contracts and flattens
 Exhalation
 The volume of the lungs decreases, and the air
is pulled out
 Functions
The rib cage returns to its original position
The Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4zOXOM6wgE
Quiz Tomorrow
 Cardiovascular system and Respiratory system
 Be able to label the respiratory system
 Know information from your packet about the cardiovascular and
respiratory system
 NO NOTES