Pre-Colonial & Colonial
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Natives prior to Colonization (organization, different areas, etc…)
Reasons for Colonization by European Powers (ex: Spanish Armada)
Early Explorers
Early Colonization (Where, When & Why)
o Spanish
o French
o English
Early English Colonies:
o FOUNDING & IMPORTANT PEOPLE: see amsco charts
o NE: Plymouth (1620) & Mass Bay(1630)
 Pilgrims vs. Puritans
 Town Meetings
o Mid Atl: Jamestown (1607)
o Differences / Similarities between North & Southern Colonies (ex:
REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLIES)
Downfall of “City Upon a Hill”
o Halfway Covenant:1662, Dominion of New England:1686, Salem Witch Trials
(1690s)
Slavery in Colonies
o 1st Slaves
o Stono Rebellion
Turmoil in Colonies:
o Pequot War
o Bacon’s Rebellion
o King Philip’s (Metacom’s) War
“Glorious Revolution” & Impact on colonies – SALUTARY NEGLECT
First Great Awakening
o Dates:
o Causes:
o Impact:
Colonial Society in 1700s (Social & Economic Aspects of All Three Regions)
o Southern / Plantation
o Middle Colonies
o New England
Lead Up to Revolution:
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French & Indian War: Dates & Outcome
o Treaty of Paris (1763)
End of SALUTARY NEGLECT
British Acts / Taxes: (Know DATES)
o Mercanitilism & Enforcement of Navigation Acts
o Proclamation Line (Pontiac’s Rebellion)
o Sugar Act
o Quartering Act
o Currency Act
Stamp Act
 Sons & Daughters of Liberty
 Stamp Act Congress
 Committees of Correspondence
o Declaratory Act
o Townshend Duties
o Tea Act & Boston Tea Party
o Intolerable Acts
Lexington & Concord
1st Continental Congress & 2nd Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Declaration of Independence
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Revolutionary War / War for Independence (1775-1783)
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Advantages & Disadvantages for both sides
George Washington
Battle of Saratoga
Yorktown
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Early Republic:
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Articles of Confederation – Pros & Cons
o Shays’s Rebellion & Impact
Constitutional Convention
o Great Compromise
o 3/5 Compromise
o Bill of Rights
o Other Compromises:
o The Federalist Papers (in NY) – Hamilton, Jay, Madison
o Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists (OVER CONSTITUTION, parties will be
different)
o Ratification – 1789
Republican Motherhood and Abigail Adam’s plea to “remember the ladies”
Washington’s Administration
o Whiskey Rebellion
o Jay’s Treaty (1794-1795)
o Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)
o Hamilton’s Plan
o Farewell Address
Adams’ Administration
o XYZ Affair
o Alien & Sedition Acts
o Quasi-War
o KY & VA Resolutions
Election of 1800
o 12th Amendment
o “Revolution of 1800”
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John Marshall & Supreme Court (Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. MD, Gibbons v.
Ogden, etc)
Jefferson
o LA Purchase
o Tripoli War
o Chesapeake/Leopard Affair & Embargo Act
Macon’s Bill #2
War of 1812
o War Hawks
o Naval Success / D.C. burned by Brits / Great Lakes pivotal & New Orleans
(Jackson becomes national hero)
o Hartford Convention
o Treaty of Ghent ends war … Nationalism after
Early 1800s to 1850s:
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Monroe & “Era of Good Feelings”
o Ends with Panic of 1819
o Monroe Doctrine
o Resolve Issues with Brits: Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817-49th parallel for LA
purchase), Treaty of 1818 (joint occupation of Oregon / reinforces 49th parallel)
Clay’s American System & Impact on Transportation / Westward Expansion and
“Manifest Destiny”
Tallmadge Amendment & Missouri Compromise
Nat Turner’s Rebellion & Gag Resolution
American Colonization Society & Liberia
Market Revolution
o Transportation, National Economy, Cotton Gin etc…
o Lowell System
“Cult of Domesticity” vs. “Domestic Feminism”
Election of 1824 & “Corrupt Bargain”
Election of 1828 & Jackson
Jackson as President
o Era of Common Man (Why?) / Spoils System
o Tariff of Abominations & Nullification Crisis
 John C. Calhoun & SC Exposition
 Force Bill
o Bank War (Leads to Panic of 1837)
o Maysville Rd Veto
o Indian Removal Act (1830) & Trail of Tears (Under VanBuren)
 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)-tribes under Congressional law
 Worcester v. GA (1832)-tribes independent entities (Jackson’s response:
Mr. Marshall has made his decision…now let him enforce it.” & continues
with removal)
o 1830s/40s: Immigration & Know Nothing Party
o Whigs emerge as opposition to Jackson
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2 Great Awakening
o Causes
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o Impact: Reforms (which ones & who supported them?)
o Impact on “democracy” – more people involved & also reaffirmed party politics
1840 Campaign – 1st ACTIVE Campaign
o Presidents prior did NOT seek / actively campaign because you did not want a
“tyrant” seeking power
o “Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”
Annexation of TX – 1845
Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
o Impact of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Sectionalism & Events Leading to Civil War
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Compromise of 1850 – FIVE parts
Literature: Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Hinton Helper’s The Impending Crisis of the South,
Fitzhugh’s Cannibal’s All
Kansas-Nebraska Act (Leads to creation of Modern Republican Party)
o Popular Sovereignty & “border ruffians”
o Stephen Douglas
o Caning of Charles Sumner
o Bleeding Kansas
 Beecher’s “Bibles”
 Lecompton Constitution
 John Brown
Election of 1856 (Buchanan (D) vs. Fremont (R) )
o Buchanan Wins, BUT South realizes Repub. COULD have won w/o single vote
from South
Dred Scott vs. Sandford (1857 under Taney)
Panic of 1857 & Southern Reaction
Lincoln/Douglas Debates
o Lincoln’s “House Divided Speech”
o Douglas’ “Freeport Doctrine”
Increased Abolition Movement because of Fugitive Slave Law
John Brown’s Raid (1859)
Election of 1860
o Lincoln (R)
o Breckinridge (Southern Dems)
o Douglas (Northern Dems)
o Bell (Constitutional Union)
o Outcome – Lincoln wins Electoral College BUT a minority president (meaning?)
 Lower South secedes (SC, GA, LA, MS, FL, AL & TX) & takes Union
property, including forts (Ft. Sumter)
The Civil War (1861-1865)
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Fort Sumter & Lincoln’s Call for Troops = Upper South secedes (VA, NC, TN, AR)
Border States (MD, KY, DE, MO) & limits on civil liberties (ie: Habeas Corpus
suspended)
Disadvantages & Advantages for both sides
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Battles:
o 1st Battle of Bull Run / Manassas
o Peninsula Campaign
o Monitor vs. Merrimack
o Antietam
 Emancipation Proclamation
o Gettysburg (TURNING POINT)
o Vicksburg
o Sherman & Total War
o Virginia Campaign @ End of War
Lincoln’s Assassination
Reconstruction (1865 – 1876)
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Lincoln’s 10% Plan
o Johnson’s plan is similar – except treatment of ex-Confederates & slave owners
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
o Pocket-Vetoed by Lincoln
o Plan for RADICAL / CONGRESSIONAL reconstruction later
Mid-term Election of 1866& Impact
Freedman’s Bureau
o Exodusters
o Education, legal aid, “40 acres and a mule” – didn’t happen
Civil War Amendments:
o 13th:
o 14th:
o 15th:
Andrew Johnson & Impeachment
Election of 1876 & Compromise of 1877
o Ending of Reconstruction & Outcome for Freed Blacks
Redeemer Governments
o Black Codes
o Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Westward Expansion
o Homestead Act (1962) & 100th meridian
o Cowboys, Miners
o Indian Wars
Gilded Age (1868-1896)
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Presidents: Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, B. Harrison, Cleveland
o High voter turnout
Industrial Revolution
o Technology, Transportation, Factories, Monopolies etc..
o Robber Barons v. Captains of Industry
o Impact on Society
o Urbanization
o Labor Unions – NLU, Knights of Labor, AF of L
 Strikes: Great RR Strike, Haymarket Square Riot, Homestead, Pullman
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Corruption: Jay Gould & James Fisk with Gold Market, Credit-Mobilier, Whiskey
Rebellion
o Political Machines – Boss Tweed
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Pendleton Act (Civil Service Reform – 1881)
Dawes Act (1887) & Assimilation (Helen Hunt Jackson & “A Century of Dishonor”)
o Ghost Dance & Battle of Wounded Knee
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Turner’s Frontier Thesis
Increased Immigration from S&E Europe
African American Equality
o Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois
Panic of 1893
o Coxey’s Army(1894)
Populist Party
Plessy v. Ferguson
Turn of the Century & Progressive Era
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McKinley in 1896 – VP Hanna = modern election with lots of $$$
Imperialism:
o Alfred Thayer Mahan – Influence of Sea Power Upon History
o Annexation of HI
o Sec of State Hay and Open Door Policy
o Spanish American War
 Teller & Platt Amendment
 American Territorial Gain
o Under TR
 Roosevelt Corollary
 Panama Canal
 Root-Takahira Agreement
 Gentlemen’s Agreement
o Dollar Diplomacy & Taft
Progressive Era: Domestic Reforms (Spans BOTH PARTIES)
o TR, Taft & Wilson
o Muckrakers
o Trust-busting
 “Good vs. Bad” trusts
 Clayton Anti-Trust Act
o Conservation
o Labor/Worker Reform
 Muller v. Oregon then Adkins v. Children’s Hospital
 Keating-Owens Act
 FDA / Meat Inspection Act
o State Reforms: Recall, Referendum, Initiative
o Progressive Amendments
 16th:
 17th:
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 18th: (Not exactly Progressive, but some supported it)
 19th:
Election of 1912 & Republican Party Splits
Wilson:
 Federal Reserve
 Increased Segregation in gov’t
 Issues with Mexico
World War I
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Reasons for War in Europe
Reasons US Gets Involved
o German submarine Warfare
 Arabic & Sussex Pledge
o Zimmerman Telegram
o UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE
o Impact of Russian Revolution
Battles:
o Pershing = Commander of American Expeditionary Force
o Chateau-Thierry
o Muese-Argonne Offensive
Domestic Response:
o War Industries Board
o Committee On Public Info (Creel)
o Loans
o Schenck v. US
Aftermath:
o Treaty of Versailles
o Wilson’s 14 Points
 Reaction at Home (Article X)
Roaring 20s, Great Depression & New Deal
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1920s:
o Presidents: Harding (Washington Conference, Teapot Dome Scandal), Coolidge
(Kellogg-Briand Pact, Dawes Plan), Hoover
o Economic Prosperity & Consumerism
 New goods (ex: cars & radio, booming economy, CREDIT, STOCK
MARKET)
o Social & Cultural Change Change (Flappers, Jazz Age, etc)
 Scopes Trial (1925)
o Harlem Renaissance
o Prohibition (How did that work out!?) & Volstead Act
o Isolationism (Nye Committee)
o Immigration Laws: (Emergency Quota Act of 1921 & Immigration Act of 1924)
 Palmer Raids
 Sacco & Vanzetti
 Re-Emergence of the KKK
o Stock Market & Buying on Margin
Crash in October of 1929
 Causes: Overspeculation on Stock Market, weakening farm econ,
excessive use of credit, widening gap between rich and poor,
overproduction (of everything!), zero regulation of bad business practices,
global econ. Issues
 Hoover’s Response = “Rugged Individualism”
 State responsibility, not federal govt
 Will give some aid for public works = Hoover Dam
 Bonus Army.
 Hawley-Smoot Tariff = BAD
Great Depression
o Impact on Families
o Unemployment at 25% at peak (without farmers – add them in and anywhere
from 30-35%)
o Massive Migration to find work (“Okies” & “Arkies)
o Steinbeck
o The Dust Bowl
New Deal
o FDR elected in 1932
o New Deal Programs: Three Rs
o Financial Recovery Programs
 Emer. Banking Relief Act
 FDIC
 Home Owners Loan Corp.
 Farm Credit Admin
o Programs for Unemployed
 FERA
 PWA
 CCC
 TVA
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Industrial Recovery Program
 NRA
Other Programs
 AAA
 CWA
 SEC
 FHA
 Gold Standard
 Indian Reorganization Act
Critics of the New Deal: demagogues (Coughlin, Long, Townsend)
The Second New Deal
o Relief
 WPA
 NYA
o Reform
 Social Security Act
 National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act
 NLRB
Impact of NLRB
 Unions
o AFL & CIO
 Fair Labor Standards Act
Good Neighbor Policy
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World War II (1939-1945)
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Causes of War In Europe – Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin, Tojo (Japan)
American Neutrality
o Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 & 1939 (Lend-Lease Act)
o Destroyers for Bases
o Lend-Lease Act (1941)
o Atlantic Charter
Pearl Harbor: Date?
o Why did Japanese Attack?
o Impact
ABC-1 Agreement
Battles:
o Atlantic:
 Battle of the Atlantic
 D-Day
 Operation Torch – Battle of El Alamein
 Potsdam Conference / Yalta Conference
 Revelation of Holocaust / Nuremburg Conference
o Pacific:
 Philippines – Bataan Death March
 Battle of Coral Sea
 Battle of Midway (Island Hopping)
 Iwo Jima & Okinawa
 Atomic Bomb – Hiroshima & Nagasaki
 Reasons for Justification / Criticism Against
Yalta Conference
Homefront during WWII
o Women
o African Americans
o Mexican Americans
o Japanese Americans
o Native Americans
o Role of Propaganda
o Govt: Office of War Info, War Productions Board, Office of Price Admin.,
o Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act
The Cold War
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Truman:
o Taft-Hartley Act
o Exec. Order 9981
o Yalta in Action
Occupation of Germany
Berlin
 Airlift
 Free Elections in E. Europe
 Establish the U.N.
o Truman Doctrine & Containment (Greece & Turkey)
o The Marshall Plan
o China falls to Communism
o Korean War
o 2nd Red Scare – Alger Hiss, Rosenbergs, House Un-America Committee (HUAC),
McCarthyism
1950s Prosperity & Domestic Issues:
o Suburbia (ex: Levitt Brothers and Levittown / low interest loans /
segregation/role of women/ interstates)
o GI Bill (education, loans, readjustment to civilian life)
o Consumerism
o Culture Change: Rock & Roll, “beatniks”/beats, television
o Beginnings of Civil Rights Movement (Jackie Robinson, Rosa Parks, Emmett Till,
NAACP, Smith vs. Allwright & Sweat vs. Painter, Little Rock High)
 Brown v. Board
 “massive resistance”
 SNCC & SCLC
1950s Cold War:
o Dulles & “massive retaliation” which would lead to “mutual extinction”
o American Involvement in Iran, Vietnam prior to French being defeated at Dien
Bien Phu
o Suez Crisis & Eisenhower Doctrine
o Space Race
 Sputnik
 Funding for Education & creation of NASA
o U-2 Incident
1960s Domestic Issues
o Culture Change- counterculture, protests, free love, hippies, drugs, women (title
VII, ERA, glass ceiling etc..), gay rights (Stonewall Riot)
o Peace Corp, Alliance for Progress
o Civil Rights
 JFK: Univ of Miss.
 LBJ: Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965
 Freedom Riders
 Freedom Summer
 March on Washington, Selma March
 Black Panthers, Nation of Islam, Separatism
 Watts Riots & Kerner Commision
o LBJ’s Great Society
 War on Poverty
 Goals & Success? (guns v. butter)
 Environment: Rachel Carson & Silent Spring
o 1968 – Election, assassinations, etc…
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Supreme Court cases: Griswold v. Connecticut, Escobedo v. Illinois, Miranda v.
Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright,
1960s Cold War:
o JFK: Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis, Flexible Response &
Vietnamese “advisers”
o LBJ: Vietnam
 Gulf of Tonkin incident & resolution / Operation Rolling Thunder
 Tet Offensive
1970s Domestic Issues:
o Stagflation
o Oil Embargos = high prices (Nixon & Carter)
o Pentagon Papers
o Nixon’s re-election in 1972: “southern strategy” with “silent majority”
o Watergate
o Roe v. Wade
1970s Foreign Policy:
o “Vietnamization”
o Nixon Doctrine
o Bombing of Cambodia – neutral = protests
 Nixon bombs 2x – 1970 and 1973
 Kent State Protest and killing of 4 students
 War Powers Act
o My Lai Massacre exposed
o Nixon betters China & USSR relations – leads to SALT I
o Jimmy Carter: Camp David Accords, Panama Canal, Iranian Hostage Crisis
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1980s – Present
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Reagan = Conservative
o Moral Majority & Reverse Discrimination (Bakke v. Univ of California)
o “Reaganomics”/Supply-Side Economics/Trickle-Down Econ.
o Tax Cuts (~25%) & Cut domestic programs BUT spent $$ on defense programs
(build up to defeat USSR, Star Wars, aiding Central American rebels, Granada)
o Iran-Contra Affair: Reagan not indicted, but was most likely involved
o Gorbachev: glasnost, perestroika = communism fails & US wins
George H.W. Bush
o Soviet Union falls – Berlin Wall (1989), START I&II
o Operation Desert Storm
o Americans with Disabilities Act
Clinton
o “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (revoked with Obama)
o Impeachment (over perjury, NOT affair)
o NAFTA
o Balkan Wars: Kosovo & Bosnia
George W Bush
o Election of 2000 (Gore wins pop vote, Bush wins electoral vote after S.C. rules in
favor of Bush)
9-11 & War on Terror: attacked Afghanistan’s Taliban gov’t which was supported
by the terror group Al-Qaeda
 Patriot Act: Gov’t has more power to find terrorists in U.S. (business
records, wiretapping, researching “lone wolves” not tied to terrorist
group)
o War in Iraq: 2003
 Believed there were WMDs (Weapons of Mass Destruction)
 UN will not sanction an attack
 U.S. goes in unilaterally – no evidence of WMDs to this day even though
we know they had them at some point (Saddham Hussein used them on
the Kurds)
Election of 2008 – Obama
Social Changes:
o Women, African Americans, Immigration, Urban issues, income disparity,
increased partisanship
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