1) Draw a Bohr Model or Lewis Dot Structure
for Hydrogen bonded with Fluorine (Unit 2)
2) What is the name of the new compound?
Use the new term we learned (Current Unit)
3) Using your new knowledge of Acids and
Bases, if a solution produces an abundance
of OH- Molecules, what is it?
•
Most water you drink has ions in it. It is
those ions (H+ or OH-) which make
something acidic or basic.
•
Look around you and every liquid you see
will probably be either an acid or a base.
•
The only exception would be distilled
water. Distilled water is just water. That's
it.
•
In your body there are small compounds
called Amino Acids. Those are acids.
•
In fruits there is something called Citric
Acid. That’s an acid too.
•
When you put baking soda in water it
makes a base.
•
Vinegar is an acid. It is a weak solution of
Acetic Acid in water.
ACID = a solution that has an excess of H+
ions.
BASE = A solution that has an excess of OHions. Another word for base is ALKALI.
STRONG ACID = An acid which has a very low
pH (1-4).
STRONG BASE = A base which has a very high
pH (11-14).
WEAK ACID = An acid that only partially ionizes in an
aqueous solution. That means not every molecule
breaks apart. pH close to 7 (5-6).
WEAK BASE = A base that only partially ionizes in an
aqueous solution. That means not every molecule
breaks apart. pH close to 7 (8-10).
NEUTRAL = A solution which has a pH of 7. It is neither
acidic or basic.

The name acid comes from the Latin word
acidus, which means “sour”.

When dissolved in water, acids have a sour
taste.

Acids cause the dye in litmus paper to
change from blue to red.

Acids will form “Hydronium” ions
 H 3O
when mixed with water.

Notice how there are more Hydrogen atoms
(proportionally) than normal water?

Well? What is it?

Take 5 minutes and a clean sheet of paper.

Write down what you know about Acid
Rain.
Write down how YOU think it works.
Write the effects on local plant life.



Water solutions of base feel slippery or soapy
to the touch.

When fatty substances are placed in a base
solution, they dissolve.

Bases cause the dye in litmus to change from
red to blue.

Household cleaning products contain a base.

A base is a solution that has an excess
of OH- ions.

Another word for base is alkali.

The OH- ions interact strongly with certain
substances, such as dirt and grease.







Dilute hydrochloric acid, 1.5
Lemon juice, 2.5
Orange juice, 3.5
Pure water, 7.0
Blood, 7.5
Milk of magnesia, 10.5
Dilute sodium hydroxide, 13.0
•
An acid-base indicator is a weak acid or a
weak base.
•
Indicators are substances that change color
depending on whether the solution is acid
or alkaline.
•
This range is termed the color change
interval. It is expressed as a pH range.
This is a pH scale. The scale goes from “1" to "14".
Distilled water is 7 (right in the middle).
Where do you think Hydrochloric Acid would fall?
Lemonade?
Dishwasher detergent?
Ocean Water?
Blood?

Measure the pH of each substance.

Label it on your paper as Acid, Base, or
Neutral.

Further label the acids and bases as strong or
weak.

USE EXTREME CAUTION!

What do YOU think this means?

Since 1800, the pH of our oceans has
lowered from 8.17 to 8.06

What impact could that have on the
wildlife?

Take 5 and write me your opinion (On the
same sheet as before)
A substance that exhibits a sour taste.
A substance that exhibits a bitter taste.
A substance that reacts with metals to produce
hydrogen gas.

A substance that has a pH of greater than
7.

A substance that has a pH of less than 7.

A substance that turns litmus paper blue

A substance that turns litmus paper red
H2SO4
HCl
(Sulfuric Acid)
(Hydrochloric Acid)
NaOH
(Sodium
Hydroxide)
KOH
(Potassium
Hydroxide)
HC2H3O2
(Acetic Acid)
HNO3
(Nitric Acid)

Good question. Let’s try!

NaOH + HCl -> H2O + NaCl

Sodium Hydroxide (Base) + Hydrochloric Acid
(Acid) -> Water + Salt

Whenever you mix an acid and a base, you
get water and a salt!
Acids to know
HCl
hydrochloric acid
HNO3
nitric acid
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
H2SO4
sulfuric acid
CH3COOH
acetic acid

Notice how in the previous slide, we had
stuff like HBr, and we called it
“Hydrobromic acid”

If there’s a Hydrogen preceding an
element, we simply call it hydro-X-ic

For example, HCl Hydrogen and Chlorine
 Hydro-Chlor-ic acid. (Very few are like this)
So, that’s easy, right? Right.
Now, let’s try a Polyatomic. You remember
those from last unit. . .I hope.
PO4=Phosphate
So4=Sulfate
NO4=Nitrate
You know how it goes
PO4=Phosphate
So4=Sulfate
NO3=Nitrate

All we need do to get the name of the acids
containing these is replace the ending.
 H2SO4 = Sulfuric Acid.
 H3PO4 = Phosphoric Acid
 HNO3 = Nitric Acid
Give the names of the following
A. HBr (aq)
1. bromic acid
2. bromous acid
3. hydrobromic acid
B. H2CO3
1. carbonic acid
(CO3=Carbonate) 2.hydrocarbonic acid
3. carbonous acid

KOH = Potassium + Hydroxide (OH)
 KOH = Potassium Hydroxide
NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide
Simply state your metal, then add your Hydroxide
Al(OH)3 = Aluminum Hydroxide
NaOH
sodium hydroxide
KOH
potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2
________________________
Mg(OH)2
________________________
Al(OH)3
aluminum hydroxide
Match the formulas with the names:
A. ___
HNO2
1) hydrochloric acid
B. ___
Ca(OH)2
2) sulfuric acid
C. ___
H2SO4
3) sodium hydroxide
D. ___
HCl
4) nitrous acid
E. ___
NaOH
5) calcium hydroxide
Match the formulas with the names:
A. _4__ HNO2
B. _5__ Ca(OH)2
1) hydrochloric acid
2) sulfuric acid
C. _2__ H2SO4
3) sodium hydroxide
D. _1__ HCl
4) nitrous acid
E. _3__ NaOH
5) calcium hydroxide
CaCl2
Acid, Base
or Salt
______
Name
KOH
______
Ba(OH)2
______
HBr
______
_________________
H2SO4
______
__________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Acid, Base
or Salt
CaCl2
Salt
Calcium Chloride
KOH
Potassium Hydroxide
Base
Name
Ba(OH)2 Base
Barium Hydroxide
HBr
Acid
Hydrobromic Acid
H2SO4
Acid
Sulfuric Acid

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

HCl + NaOH -> H2O + NaCl

LiOH + HF -> H2O + LiF

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + 2H2O

Acids react very well with Metals
 This is why you can see corrosion of metal, and
also why acids seem more dangerous than
bases.

Bases (Alkali) react very well with fats and
oils
 This is why soap is so good at cleaning your
skin, but makes it feel dry. It reacts with the oils
on your skin to

What substance must be present for a
substance to act as an acid or an alkali?

(Think about all of our reactions)

Which ions below are responsible for the
following reactions?
A) Reactions of an Acid in aqueous solution
B) Reactions of an Alkali in aqueous solution
H+
H-
OH-
OH+

What is the definition of a strong acid?

Give 2 examples of strong acids

What is the definition of a weak acid?

Give 2 examples of weak acids

Name the following:

A) HCl

B) HBr

C) HF

Name the following:

A) NaOH

B) Mg(OH)2

C) LiOH

Name the following:

A) H2SO4 (SO4 is Sulfate)

B) HNO3 (NO3 is Nitrate)

What kind of ions do Alkali form?

Think about what we get an excess of when
we mix a base with water.

What kind of ions do Acids form?

Think about what we get an excess of when
we mix an acid with water.


Watch the following clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfDVLsB
XYcM

Why does Tyler kiss his hand at the
beginning?

What are the two products after Tyler adds
vinegar to his hand?

Write the Neutralization reaction for
Hydrofluoric Acid and Lithium Hydroxide.

Which of the following is Sulfuric Acid?

A) H2SO4
B) CaCl2
C) Ba(OH)2
D) H2S




What are the two names for H3PO4?

Hint: PO4 is Phosphate

If I were to dip a piece of Litmus paper in a
solution and it turned blue, what would
that tell me about the solution?

In what reaction do we get Hydronium
(H3O)?

What is Hydroxide?
 What is its chemical formula?
 In what reactions do we see it?

Which break up entirely in water, strong or
weak acids?

Why is that important to know?

If I put a fatty substance in a basic (alkali)
solution, it would dissolve.

Not a question, just thought you should
know.

What is an indicator?

How does it work?

What does it usually tell us and how?

NAMING AGAIN!

Write the formula for:

Hydrobromic Acid

Hydrofluoric Acid

Barium Hydroxide

What is a salt?

Give me 3 examples of salts.

How do we make these again?

Write the following:
HCl
hydrochloric acid
HNO3
nitric acid
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
H2SO4
sulfuric acid
CH3COOH
acetic acid

Write the following:
NH4
Ammonium
NaHCO3 Sodium Bicarbonate

Explain to me why having H3O molecules is
bad. Use what you know about balance!
Impress me!

Read the handout.

In 1-2 paragraphs, explain what’s going on in
the ocean using the Arrhenius theory (H+
concentration)