History of Mass Media Printing Press: Johannes Guttenberg 1440 – made of wood Bible – 200 Copies Germany Early Newspaper: First American newspaper, Publick Occurences Corantos – Early newspaper in form of pamphlets First printed newspaper appeared in Germany First English newspaper, London Gazette William Randolph Hearst: Went to Harvard Took over the San Francisco Examiner from his father Owned 18 mags and 28 newspapers Yellow Journalism: use promotional schemes and sensational stories Started Spanish American War Gulglielmo Marconi: Marconi sent the 1st wireless signal over the English channel Won the nobel peace prize in 1909 First wireless telegraph Used wireless telegraph on the titanic History of Radio: Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves Nikola Tesla was the first person to make public demo with radio 1st radio transmission only went about a mile Tesla was the first person to patent radio technology FM – Frequency Modulated Orson Welles: Original short story by HG Wells Radio drama “War of the Worlds” Put entire nation in panic Zoetrope: Invented by William George Horner Daedalum – wheel of the devil, renamed “Wheel of Life” It led to animation (stop motion) A toy developed for entertainment History of Film: Eadweard Muybridge – invented projection device – zoopraxiscope Birth of the Nation – Silent Film, racist undertones Jazz Singer – First sound movie full length feature film “Horse in Motion” first film Also known as Sallie Gardner “Great Train Robbery” The Nicklelodeon – first theatre Muckraking: Mud slinging – the action of searching out and publizining scandoulous info about famous people in an underhanded way (tarnishing character) Mostly journalist, novelist, critics, press Famous muckracker – Upton Sinclair and Samuel Hopkins Adams History of TV: New York City worlds fair – first television broadcast RCA first mass market manufacturer of TV Philo Farnsworth: Father of TV Early invention – Image Dissector Broadcast the $ Baird and him were both developing TV at the same time in different countries Created working TV at 21 John Logie Baird: Broadcast the cross 1925 broadcast a human face Vladimir Zworykin: First colored model was developed by Vladimir Zworykin Developed the cathode ray tube Iconoscope called the electric eye Transition Radio to TV: Major conflict between tv and radio at first. TV took a while to take off 1933 2/3 of households had 1 TV 1920’s – radio dominated 1950’s – Golden age of TV TV News: 1st National Newscast was on CBS In 1940’s NBC, ABC, CBS aired in New York Big 3 – NBC, CBS, ABC Edward Murrow Pioneer of Broadcast Journalism Murrow challenged Senator McCarthy on air about Communism in America Show was called “See it Now” – over 5000 broadcasts Barbara Walters – first female news co-anchor Kennedy assassination sparked TV news interest 1980 – Ted Turner – CNN Satellite and Cable TV: Coaxil cable – high speed transmission cable that provided cable tv service Mountains made cable TV hard to receive 60’s – 800 cable systems serving almost 1 million people Sat TV – First broadcast in 1978 from Syncom 2 Direct to home sat services in 80’s Cable dominated satellite at first HBO – Charles Dolan Color TV Systems: First colored tv released in 1946 Peter Goldmark inventor of color tv A colored broadcast is created by broadcasting 3 monochrome image, one each in red, green, and blue. Birth of the Internet: First internet network called Arpanet Initially used for military purposes – cold war 1989 – WWW introduced TCP = Transmission Control Protocol ICP = Internet Protocol Sat and Internet radio: (Didn’t cover) XM and Sirius S band was given for broadcasting satellite radio services FCC started DARS – Digital Audio Radio Services First internet radio station = internet talk radio First internet only radio station = IMS (Internet Mulitcasting Service) FCC: Created by the Communication ACT of 1934 Combined telephone, telegraph, and radio communications Established by Roosevelt’s “New Deal” It regulates radio, tv, wire, sat, and cable Federal Communication Commission Safe harbor hours – 10pm – 6am - keeps kids from being exposed to obscene material