Welcome
to
SAS…Session..!
What is SAS..!
A Complete programming language with
report formatting with statistical and
mathematical capabilities.
SAS Programming Structure
1st Part..
• The first part called the DATA step,
This part describes your input data
allows you to modify that data with
arithmetic operations and logical
decisions.
The DATA Step will format your data
into a special file called SASdataset.
2nd Part ..
• The second part of SAS is a library of
canned routines called PROCEDURES.
The procedures can only use SAS
datasets as input.
The Data step must always have
preceded the Procedure section.
The procedures are executed by coding a
special statement in SAS called a
PROC statement
Functions of DATA Step.
• Reads raw data from input files.
• Selects records from input files.
• Writes out the SASdatasets.
Statements used in the DATA Step:
• DATA Statement.
DATA EMPFILE
--Temporary File.
DATA UDEM.EMPFILE ---Permanent file
• INFILE Statement :
INFILE (ddname)
---for Sequential
INFILE (ddname of PDS) (member name)
---for PDS
INFILE (ddname) VSAM ---for VSAM
•INPUT Statement :
The INPUT statement describes the input data
record from the INFILE statement.
Standard record input : (fixed length)
INPUT variable [$] [startcolumn-endcolumn]
[.decimal]
DATA Empfile;
INPUT Empno 1-3 Name $ 4-19 Salary 20-26 .2
Non standard record input : (like Packed dec...)
INPUT @position Variable [$] Informat name
w.[d]
DATA Empfile;
INPUT @ Empcode 3. @Name $15.
:
RUN;
Informats type.
w.
---Standard numaric.
w.d
---Standard numeric with decimal
PDw.d
---Packed decimal.
COMMAw.d ---commas in numbers
PROC Statement
• The PROC statement is used to invoke a
SAS procedure
Procedure can• Read SAS dataset
• Compute statistics
• Print report
• Sequence SAS datasets.
Outputting Reports
PROC PRINT
• Automatically formats a report from the
current SAS dataset.
• Prints each detail record.
• Column headings default to the variable
name but may be altered.
Syntax for to Print the default
Report
DATA EMPFILE;
INFILE PERSON;
INPUT EmpNo $ 1-3 Name $ 4-19
DOB 20-26 Account 27-35;
PROC PRINT;
TITLE ‘EDS Employs List’;
RUN;
REPORT
EDS Employs List
OBS EmpNo
Name
Account
1
100
AAAA
XEROX
2
101
BBBB
GM
3
102
CCCC
XEROX
Using the SORT Procedure with
PROC PRINT
PROC SORT;
BY ACCOUNT;
PROC PRINT DATA = EMPFILE;
TITLE ‘EDS Employs List’;
RUN;
VAR Statement
• VAR Statement determines which variables
will be printed in the report.
• Order of the variables in the VAR statement
is the order the variables appear in the
report.
PROC PRINT DATA=EMPFILE;
VAR ACCOUNT EMPNO NAME;
TITLE ‘EDS Employs List’;
RUN;
ID Statement
• Suppresses printing the OBS column on the
report.
• More than one variable can be listed in the
ID statement.
PROC PRINT DATA=EMPFILE;
ID EMPNO;
TITLE ‘EDS Employs List’;
RUN;
Report
EDS Employs List
EmpNo
Name
Account
100
XXXX
AAAA
101
YYYY
BBBB
SUM Statement
• The SUM Statement specifies which
numeric variables will totaled.
PROC PRINT DATA=EMPFILE;
SUM SALARY;
TITLE ‘EDS Employs List’;
RUN;
Report
EDS Employs List
EmpNo
Name
Account Salary
101
AAAA
XXXX 10000
102
BBBB
YYYY 15000
======
250000
======
BY Statement
• This is just like Control Break in COBOL.
• If BY Statements are present with SUM
Statement each BY group will also be
totaled.
PROC PRINT ;
BY ACCOUNT;
SUM SALARY;
TITLE ‘EDS Employs List’;
RUN;
EmpNo
100
101
200
201
EDS Employs List
Name
Account Salary
AAAA
XXXX 10000
BBBB
XXXX 10000
======
20000
======
CCCC
YYYY
15000
DDDD
YYYY
12000
======
27000
LABLE & SPLIT Statements
• LABLE Statement is used to assign
alternate column headers to variables.
• The SPLIT option on the PROC PRINT
statement allows multiple line alternate
column headings for the report.
• A SPLIT character is identified with the
SPLIT option.When that character is used in
the LABLE text causes the label to split into
multiple lines at that point
Cont..
• Any character may be used to split the line.
• The LABLE option on the PROC PRINT
statement tells SAS to use the alternative
label coded in the LABEL statement.
PROC PRINT LABEL/SPLIT=‘*’;
:
LABEL ACCOUNT=‘CLINT*NAME’;
TITLE / FOOTNOTE Statements
• Lines from the top correspond to the
number in the TITLE.
• Allows up to 10 title lines to be placed at
the top of each page of the report.
• IF TITLE line within a group of titles is not
coded it will result in a blank line
• FOOTNOTE is similar to TITLE Statement.
PAGEBY Statement
• The PAGEBY variable is used with the BY
Statement using the same variable. The
page break occurs when the specified BY
variable changes value .
PROC PRINT;
BY ACCOUNT;
PAGEBY ACCOUNT;
:
RUN;
DATA Manipulations
IF Statement
• Indicates which observations are included
in the output SAS data set.
• When multiple logical expressions are used
(with the AND and OR ) the ANDs are
resolved first.
• Syntax:
IF var1 = var2 AND/OR var3 = var4;
WHERE Statement
• Used to select observations from a SAS
daaset.
• Operators for the WHERE statement
include all operators of the IF statement
• Operators exclusively for WHERE:
WHERE Salary BETWEEN 15000 AND
20000 ;
Cont..
WHERE Name CONTAINS ‘SRINIVAS’;
------Searches for a character string
WHERE Name LIKE ‘S%’;
--selects name with the first character ‘S’
WHERE Account IN (‘GM’,’XEROX’);
DO and END Statement
• Execution of a DO statement specifies that
all statements between the DO and its
matching END are to be executed.
DATA Empfile;
SET Personal;
IF ACCOUNT = ‘XEROX’
THEN DO;
NEWSAL= SALARY*1.2;
ELSE DO;
NEWSAL=SALARY;
END;
DROP Statement
• The DROP is used to specify variables that
are not included in the SASdatasets being
created.
DATA Empfile1;
SET Personal;
WHERE ACCOUNT = ‘XEROX’;
DROP SALARY;
RUN;
DELETE Statement
• This statement to tell SAS to stop
processing the current observation.
DATA Empfile1;
SET Personal;
IF ACCOUNT = ‘XEROX’
THEN DELETE;
:
RUN;
SAS System options
• The OPTION statement changes SAS
system options.
• OPTION option1 option2..;
Some options:
DATE, NODATE --- Puts date on title page
CENTER, NOCENTER----Centers output
LS
---- Linesize for output 64-225
NUMBER, NONUMBER---Page numbering
Thanks…!