SSgt Jason F. Seibel
341 SSPTS/SFTC DSN: 7582
 COURSE: M4 TRQC
 DATE:
23 N0v 04 04
 TIME:
0500 Hours

1. CLEAR WEAPONS AND PLACE ON TABLE WITH EJECTION PORT
UP.
2. YOU MUST HAVE THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT WITH YOU IN
THE CLASSROOM.
- Working RED Lens Flashlight.
- Gas Mask/Chem Gloves w/inserts
- Web Gear/Flak Vest/Helmet/Ear Plugs
- Cold/Wet Weather Gear if Needed.
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Raise your hand if these apply
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If you are pregnant, or think you may be
If you are on a profile or medication
If you feel ill, and need to go see a doctor
If you are off of PRP, or on the ‘Do Not Arm’ list
If you feel you’re not rested enough to handle a firearm
If you have consumed alcohol within the last 8 hours
If you are retiring or separating within the next 120 days
If you are PCSing within the next 90 days
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
AF Form 522
341 SSPTS/SFTC
Today’s M4 LEAVE
Date TRQC BLANK
632-6422
LEAVE
You Sign
BLANK LEAVE
LEAVE
SSgt Jason F. Seibel
BLANK LEAVE BLANK
BLANK
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Overview
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Documentation
Weapons Safety
Classroom Safety / Clearing Procedures
Arming, Use of Force, and ROE
Clearing Barrel Attendant Training
M4 Description
M4 Characteristics
M68 Close Combat Optic
CWDE Firing Techniques
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Overview
 Marksmanship Fundamentals
 Rapid Fire
 Automatic Fire
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Disassemble / Inspection / Assemble
Operating Weapons at Night
Target Detection at Night
Principles of Night Vision
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Overview
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Target Engagement at Night
Night Vision Equipment
Immediate & Remedial Actions
Marksmanship Fundamentals
Course of Fire & Range Safety Briefing
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Weapons Safety
Treat all weapons as if they were loaded
 Keep rifle pointed level & down range
 Obey all range commands / Do not anticipate
 If not sure of commands, ASK an Instructor
 STOP shooting on “Cease Fire” command

 This is your only warning. Failure to comply will be
means for immediate dismissal
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Weapons Safety
Identify your target and what is beyond it
 Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready
to engage the target
 Always ensure to properly clear your weapon after
completing a phase of fire
 During reduced visibility phases of fire, clear your
weapon with a flashlight

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Classroom Safety
Don’t point your weapon at anyone in the
classroom
 Handle weapons only when told to do so
 No HORSEPLAY of any kind
 Don’t anticipate instructions
 If you do not understand a set of instructions, ASK
an instructor

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Clearing Procedures
Attempt to place selector lever on safe
 Remove magazine
 Inspect chamber and upper receiver
 Lock bolt to the rear if in forward position
 Ensure your weapon is on safe

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
341 SSPTS
Combat Arms
Clearing Barrel Attendant Training
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Overview
Clearing Barrel Attendant Responsibilities
 Clearing Barrel Attendant Procedures
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M16 Series
M9
M203
M240
M249
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Clearing Barrel
Attendant Responsibilities
Ensure individuals desiring to clear weapons
enter and exit the clearing zone only upon his
or her direction
 Ensure individuals proceed directly to the
clearing barrel after receiving their weapon
from the armorer
 Ensure all personnel approach the clearing
barrel with “shoulder weapons” are at PORT
ARMS and pistols are at RAISED PISTOL

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Clearing Barrel
Attendant Responsibilities
Ensure individuals keep the muzzle of their
weapon in the clearing barrel aiming point
during all weapons loading and clearing
procedures
 Ensuring weapons, munitions and related
equipment issued, are returned to the armorer

NOTE
SAFETY GLASSES ARE AVAILABLE BUT
ARE NOT REQUIRED
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Clearing Barrel
Attendant Procedures

The clearing procedures for all weapons are
posted on the wall behind the clearing barrel
 When in doubt, LOOK UP
Ensure personnel stand by and wait for the
order to “PROCEED” before entering the
clearing area
 Do not allow unauthorized personnel to walk
through the clearing area while weapon
clearing is in progress

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Clearing Barrel
Attendant Procedures

Ensure all weapons are CLEAR before
allowing personnel to LOAD or TURN IN.
 REMEMBER– AN UNAUTHORIZED
DISCHARGE MAY FALL ON YOU AS YOUR
RESPONSIBILITY – ENSURE THE
WEAPON IS SAFE AND CLEAR
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Proper Clearing
Barrel Configuration
RAISED PISTOL
PORT ARMS
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Proper Clearing
Barrel Configuration
CLEARING PROCEDURES FOR
ALL WEAPONS
CLEARING PROCEDURES
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Conclusion

All information contained in this briefing is
IAW AFMAN 31-229 Dated 12 May 2004
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Arming, Use of Force,
and Rules of Engagement
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Overview

USAF Use of Force
 Use of Force Policy
 Special Considerations
 Rules for the Use of Force

Rules of Engagement
 Theater Specific ROE (OIF/OEF)
 Scenarios
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
USAF Use of Force Policy
Reference AFI 31-207, “Arming and Use
of Force by AF Personnel”
 In cases warranting the use of force, you
must use only that force reasonably
necessary to reach your objective
 You must base your use of force option on
the actions of the individual with whom you
are in contact

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Special Considerations
for the Use of Force
Persons who use excessive force may be
subject to disciplinary action for violation of
Article 92, of the UCMJ and LOAC
 When possible give an order to “HALT” (in
the local language) before firing a shot
 Do not fire shots if they are likely to
endanger innocent bystanders
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341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Special Considerations
for the Use of Force (con’t)
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Under hostile attack in protection and recovery
operations involving nuclear weapons or lethal
chemical agents, the presence of innocent
bystanders or hostages must not deter you from
stopping the attack through all means at your
disposal
When you fire a firearm, fire it with the intent of
rendering the targeted person or persons incapable
of continuing the activity or course of behavior
that led you to shoot
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Rules for the
Use of Force
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ESCALATION OF FORCE: When possible, use
the following degrees of force against hostile
actors:
SHOUT: Verbal warnings for “HALT” IN NATIVE
LANGUAGE WHEN DEPLOYED
SHOVE: Physically restrain, block access, or detain
SHOW: Your weapon and demonstrate intent to use
it
SHOOT: To remove the threat of death/serious
bodily injury or to protect designated property
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Rules of Engagement
Directives issued by competent military
authority which delineate the circumstances
and limitations under which United States
forces will initiate, or continue combat
engagement with other forces encountered
 Self-defense is an inherent right
 Rules of engagement differ from country to
country based on the operation mission
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341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Rules of Engagement
Reference CJCSI 3121.01A “Standing
Rules of Engagement for US Forces” and
AFMAN 10-100, “Airman’s Manual”
 Command authorities issue ROE that
describe circumstances and limitations for
military operations
 ROE are incorporated in every operations
plan and operations order
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341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Rules of Engagement
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ROE ensure operations follow national policy
goals, mission, requirements, and the rule of law
Understand, remember and apply the Law of
Armed Conflict (LOAC) and ROE
ROE questions and concerns are elevated up the
chain of command for resolution
Failure to comply with ROE may be punishable
IAW UCMJ
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Rules of Engagment
In armed conflict, LOAC and ROE
specifically tailored for each mission or area
of responsibility (AOR) provide guidance
on the use of force
 US standing ROE is to implement guidance
for use of force application in mission and
self defense
 Specific ROE are briefed in the AOR
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341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Theater Specific ROE
(OIF/OEF)
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HOSTILE ACTORS: You may engage persons who
commit hostile acts or show hostile intent with the
minimum force necessary to counter the hostile act or
demonstrated hostile intent and to protect US Forces
You may use force, up to and including deadly force,
against hostile actors:
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In self-defense
To protect others as designated
In defense of your unit, or other US Forces
To prevent the theft, damage, or destruction of firearms,
explosives, ammunition, or property designated by your
commander as vital to national security
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
ROE Scenario #1
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Scenario: While monitoring the flight line,
you see an unidentified individual running
toward one of the parked aircraft. He is
carrying (what looks like) a large backpack.
What should you do? What force are you
authorized to use to stop the individual and
protect the aircraft?
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
ROE Scenario #1
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Answer: You should use a graduated response
(shout, shove, show, shoot) employing the
minimum amount of force necessary to stop and
detain the unidentified individual trespassing on
the flight line. If the individual does not respond
to shouting or showing your weapon, deadly force
may be used to prevent him from sabotaging the
parked aircraft (resource vital to national security).
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
ROE Scenario #2
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Scenario: While at the main gate, an angry
mob of local nationals approaches. They
are chanting anti-Western slogans and
waving signs. They stop short of the base
gate and appear content to demonstrate at a
distance. What, if anything, should you do?
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
ROE Scenario #2
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Answer: Given the facts, there is no
evidence the crowd intends to do anything
other than demonstrate peacefully. This
may be a good time to alert command and
make sure local authorities are aware of the
situation if things get out of hand. At this
time, there is no need to exercise any level
of force to disperse or otherwise control the
crowd.
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
ROE Scenario #3
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Scenario: Same facts as Scenario #2, but
suddenly the crowd stars forward toward
your gate with the apparent intent to force
their way onto the base. The crowd
includes women and school aged children.
Now, what do you do?
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
ROE Scenario #3
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Answer: Whenever faced with a situation
requiring the use of force, if able, try to use a
graduated response (shout, shove, show, shoot) to
counter the threat. Time permitting, you should be
able to disperse the crowd using non-lethal means
without resorting to the use of deadly force. If riot
control agents (RCA) are approved for use in your
AO, they may be used to disperse the crowd.
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Summary

USAF Use of Force
 Use of Force Policy
 Special Considerations
 Rules for the Use of Force

Rules of Engagement
 Theater Specific ROE (OIF/OEF)
 Scenarios
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Questions?
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
M4 Description
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Light Weight – 6.43 lbs. Unloaded w/o sling
6.68 lbs Unloaded w/sling
7.50 lbs Loaded w/o sling
7.75 lbs. Loaded w/sling
Gas Operated
Air-Cooled
Magazine Fed
Shoulder Fired Weapon
Fired in Semi-Automatic or Three Rd Burst
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
M4 Description
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Length – 33.0 inches w/buttstock extended
29.75 inches w/buttstock closed
Barrel Length – 14.5 inches w/o compensator
15.5 inches w/compensator
Rifling – 1 twist per 7 inches
Chamber pressure – 52,000 psi
Constructed of: Steel, Fiberglass/Nylon, Aluminum
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
M4 Characteristics
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Muzzle Velocity – 2970 fps
Rates of Fire
 Sustained – 12 to 15 rds per minute
 Rapid (Semi) – 45 rds per minute
 Rapid (Burst) – 90 rds per minute
 Cyclic – 700 to 970 rds per minute
Maximum range – 3600 meters
Max. Effective range – Point Target – 500 meters
Area Target – 600 meters
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
M4 Characteristics
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- Buttstock
- Closed: Close Quarters Battle (CQB)
- ¼ Open: Use with Second Chance Vest AND Cold
Weather Gear
- ¾ Open: Use with Second Chance Vest OR Cold
Weather Gear
- Fully Open: Normal Operations
- Back Up Iron Sight (BUIS)
- Same as M16A2, EXCEPT for elevation knob
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
M68 Close Combat Optic
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Reflex (non-telescopic) sight
Two eyes open method of sighting
No centering or focusing required BEYOND 50 METERS
WITHIN 50 METERS
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
BEYOND 50 METERS
M68 Close Combat Optic
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- Anti-reflective coated lens system
- Length (sight): 4.9 inches
- Weight (sight): 6.2 ounces
- Weight (quick release): 3.5 ounces
- Battery Life: 75 to 500 hour average
- Dot Diameter: 3 MOA (Minute Of Angle)
 2.2 cm at 25M
 8.8 cm at 100M
 26.4 cm at 300M
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
M68 Close Combat Optic
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- Torque Knob
- Mount
- Front Lens Cover
- Rear Lens Cover
- Rotary Switch (10 Positions: 1=Off, 2=Night,
3-10=Day)
- Electric Red Dot
- Battery Cap
- Battery
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
M68 Close Combat Optic
ROTARY SWITCH
REAR LENS COVER
FRONT LENS COVER
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
ELEVATION/WINDAGE
CAP & SCREW
BATTERY
CAP
CWDE Firing Techniques
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Vision/Stock Weld is impaired
Simple tasks become more difficult
Attempt to keep weapon sight vertical
Canting will change strike of bullet on target
Minimum effects at 75m or less
Greater distances require adjusted aiming
point
All other fundamentals still apply
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Rapid Fire Fundamentals

Rapid Fire
 Used to engage multiple targets quickly
 Provides suppressive fire
 Some degree of accuracy will be sacrificed for
speed
 Magazine changes done quickly (3-5 seconds)
to maintain fire superiority
 Tactical situation will always determine the rate
of fire
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Burst Fire Fundamentals

Burst Fire
 Used to gain initial fire superiority
 Engage multiple targets at a close range
 Usually only the first shot will hit the exact
aiming point
 Use support when possible, sandbags/bi-pods
 Grip weapon firmly
 Pull rifle tight into shoulder
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Burst Fire Fundamentals
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Rules Against Burst Fire
 Ammo is in short supply
 Engaging single targets when time allows for
1-2 well aimed shots
 Engaging widely spaced multiple targets
 Distance to single target is beyond 50 meters
 Cannot fire from stable support
 IF YOU DON’T NEED IT, DON’T USE IT
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Inspection
 Disassemble
 Inspection
of Weapon
 BMW CLS
 Bore obstructions
 Assemble
 Function
Check
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Night Time Operations
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Operating the weapon at night
 Functions such as loading, reloading, clearing,
and correcting stoppages become difficult
 Performance of functions become slow,
awkward, and even frustrating
 Need to be familiar with functions by feel
 Knowledge will increase survivability rate
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Night Time Operations
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Target Detection at Night - The ability to
detect enemy targets by any means available
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Enemy muzzle flash
Flashlights
Lighted cigarette
Shadows and movement
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Night Time Operations
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Principles of Night Vision
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Dark adaptation
 Night vision capability reaches maximum in
about 30 minutes
 Any amount and color of light will degrade
night vision to some degree
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Night Time Operations
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Principles of Night Vision Continued
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Off-center vision
 The light sensitive part of the eye is not used
for focusing when sufficient light is unavailable
 Moving the eyes focus away from the object
you want to see allows the light sensitive part
of the eyes to be used
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Night Time Operations

Principles of Night Vision Continued
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Scanning
 The short, abrupt, irregular movement of your
eyes around an object or area
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Night Time Operations
Target Engagement at Night
 Successful target engagement at night
without the use of NVD’s or tracer
ammunition, requires accurate and well
practiced pointing techniques
 A natural tendency is to point and shoot
high
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341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Night Time Operations
Target Engagement at Night Continued
 Three reasons for aligning your focal point
below the target

 Natural tendency to shoot high
 When you attempt to align the weapon on the
target, your focus is aligned horizontally
 Any low shot in line with target is better than
any high or wide shot
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Night Time Operations
Target Engagement at Night Continued
 Tracer ammunition aids in determining your
direction of fire
 Night Vision Devices

 AN/PVS-4 - 3.5lbs, 400m starlight, 600m
moonlight
 AN/PAQ-4 - Infrared, Range of 150m
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Stoppages & Malfunctions

For all malfunctions and stoppages, you will
first apply immediate actions
 S.P.O.R.T.S.
If immediate action does not work, apply
remedial action
 If this doesn’t work, then raise your hand
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341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Fundamentals of Firing
Stock Weld
 Sight Alignment
 Sight Picture
 Breath Control
 Trigger Squeeze/Control
 Follow Through
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341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
COURSE OF FIRE
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Phase I: Battle Sight Zero and Grouping
Phase II: Day Burst
Phase III: CWDE
Phase IV: Weak Hand Firing
Phase V: Day Rapid Fire Evaluation
Phase VI: Quick Reaction Drills
Phase VII: Night Semiautomatic Fire
Phase VIII: Night Burst Fire
Phase IX: Night Vision Devices
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
COURSE OF FIRE

Phase I: Battle Sight Zero and Grouping
Windage:
3 clicks =
0ne Square
Elevation:
1 click =
One Square
 Qual. Standards: One 4cm shot group (desired)
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Phase II: Day Burst
456
456
 Qual. Standard: Two
hits on each target.
123
123
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Phase III: CWDE
 Qual.
Standards: 4 of 6
targets hit
4
3
2
5
1
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
6
Phase IV: Weak Hand
 Qual.
Standards: 3 of 6
targets hit
4
3
2
5
1
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
6
Phase V: Day Rapid Fire
 Phase V: Day Rapid Fire
Evaluation
 Prone unsupported (70 sec)
 Kneeling supported (70 sec)
 Over barricade (80 sec)
 Qual Standard: 18 of 30 hits
to Qualify.
 25 of 30 hits for Expert.
 Pass all phases first time.
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
7
10
5
8
6
9
2
3
4
1
Phase VI: Quick Reaction Drills
 Qual. Standards: 7 hits inside 10 inch circle
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Phase VII: Night Semiautomatic
 Qual. Standards: 5 hits on target
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Phase VIII: Night Burst
 Qual. Standards: 4 hits on target
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Phase IX: Night Vision Devices
 Qual. Standards: 7 hits on target
341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
Range Safety

Follow Tower Operator instructions
 Do not anticipate commands
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Do not handle weapons until told to do so
 I.e. - Sight adjustments
Do not charge your weapon until the
command of fire is given
 Who can give the command to Cease Fire?
 What is a light recoil?

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
WEAPONS CLEANING
You will clean weapon here at CATM.
 We will inspect weapons before you leave.
 You have 30 minutes to clean weapons.
 Classroom, range and cleaning room will be
cleaned prior to your leaving.

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT
THAT’S ALL FOR THE CLASS!
If you have any questions about the weapon
or course of fire, ask your instructor.
 Good Luck.

341 SSPTS/SFTC, MALMSTROM AFB, MT