VLAN Trunking
protocol- Chapter 4
CCNA Exploration Semester 3
Modified by Profs. Ward
and Cappellino
1
Topics



The role of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
Operation of VTP
Configure VTP on switches
2
Semester 3
LAN Design
Basic Switch
Concepts
VLANs
VTP- Ch 4
Wireless
STP
Inter-VLAN
routing
3
Purpose of VTP


VLANs are created on a _______________.
What if you have the same VLANs on 10 linked
switches? Or 100 linked switches? Do you have to
create the VLANs on every switch and allow them on
each trunk?


As the number of switches increases the overall administration
required to manage VLANs and trunks becomes a challenge.
VTP helps…



VTP allows a network manager to _____________________
__________________________________________________
____________________________ in the network
Switch can be configured as a ________________________
Access ports to VLANs on each switch must ______________
4
VTP Factory Defaults






Version ______ (Versions 2 and 3 also exist.)
VTP domain name is _______________
VTP mode: __________________
One active VLAN- ______________
Configuration revision number 0
Any switches added to a domain should be in
the default condition or they may send
unwanted information to other switches.
5
show VTP status Parameters…










VTP Version
Maximum VLANs Supported
Number of Existing VLANs
VTP Operating Mode- server, client, or transparent.
VTP Domain Name
VTP Pruning Mode
VTP V2 Mode (disabled by default)
VTP Traps Generation
MD5 Digest (checksum of VTP configuration)
Configuration Last Modified
6
VTP Components
VTP Domain
 3 different VTP modes:






VTP ______________
VTP _____________
VTP _____________
VTP Advertisements
VTP Pruning
More to come on all of these…
7
VTP Domain






Group of layer 2 switches _______________ and
the _____________________________
Boundary of domain ends at __________________
Each switch can belong to only ______________.
Domain _________ the extent to which
configuration ____________________
_________________, so all switches in domain
must be Cisco switches.
Switch can be linked but not part of domain.
8
VTP Server Mode







______________ mode of switch
One switch acts as server.
__________________________ on the server
switch for the entire VTP domain
_____________on this switch.
Information saved in ________________.
Server ________________________ in the same
VTP domain over active trunk links.
Keeps ________________ through a ___________
____________________
9
VTP Client Mode

Client _________________________________ and
forwards that info to other switches



Client switches then have the same VLANs as the server
A switch in ________________________________
____________________________________
Client _________________________________


held only in RAM and lost if switch is powered off
If shut down and restarted, switch sends a request
advertisement to a VTP server for updated VLAN
information
10
VTP Transparent Mode

Switch _____________________________
_________________________________


Put a switch in transparent mode if it has
local VLANs that are not on other switches.


Can ________________________, not shared
with other switches.
The other switches do not need to know about
them.
VLAN _____________________________
11
VTP Frame Structure


_________________ (aka messages)
______________________________________
______________________ to VTP-enabled
switches.
VTP Frame Encapsulation
A VTP frame ____________________ and a
__________________________
The ________________ is inserted into the
_____________ of an Ethernet frame.
The Ethernet frame is then _________
_____________________________
_________________ in the domain sends
_______________________ out each trunk
port

Received by neighboring switches, which
update their VTP and VLAN configurations as
necessary.
12
Fields of a VTP Frame

__________ _____________________



___________________ 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC
Reserved multicast address for ___________________
VTP header field - The contents vary depending on
the VTP message type but always contains these
VTP fields:




___________ - Identifies the domain for the switch.
Domain name __________ - Length of the domain name.
____________ - Set to either VTP 1, VTP 2, or VTP 3.
__________________________ - The current configuration
revision number on this switch.
13
Configuration revision number





32-bit number.
Default value is _____________.
It is _____________________________
__________________________
Reset to 0 if domain name changes.
Switch uses revision number to see if
____________________________________
____________ that what that switch already
holds.
14
VTP ______________________



Contains the ________________, the _____
___________, and other VTP ____________
__________________
Sent immediately __________________ with
updated revision number.
Sent ______________________________ to
check on current VTP configuration revision
number.
15
VTP _________ Advertisement
Sent ____________________- if:
 The VTP _________________________
 The switch __________________________
____________________________________
_______________________ than its own
 A subset advertisement message is missed
for some reason
 The ________________________
16
VTP Advertisement process


A switch receives a summary advertisement.
_______________________ to its own
domain name.


If name is different, the switch ignores the packet.
If the name is the same, the switch _________
_______________ to its own revision number.


It’s own number ___________________ the
packet.
It’s __________________, sends an
________________________________
17
VTP _________ Advertisement

Contains _______________________


Several subset ads may be needed if there is a lot
of information.
____________________________________
or after:




_________________________
Suspending or activating a VLAN
__________________________
Changing the MTU of a VLAN
18
Subset Advertisement Fields
Version Code Seq-number Domain name length
Management domain name (padded to 32 bytes)
Configuration revision number
VLAN info field 1
VLAN info field 2
Etc.
19
Subset Ad VLAN info field
VLAN-Info
Info length
ISL VLAN ID
Status
VLAN-Type
VLAN-name
Len
MTU size
802.10 index
VLAN name (padded to multiple of 4 bytes)
20
Pros and cons





_____ network – ______________ with VTP.
______ network – good for consistency and
___________________________
___________ switches need lots of
_______________, clients do not.
Redundancy – don’t have everything on one
server switch.
Extreme care when _________________
21
VTP pruning



______________________
Enable it on _______________ in domain.
Stops VLAN traffic from being sent on links
that _______________________________



_______________ that are _________________
on the remote switch
Cuts down on traffic on trunk links.
Enabled using the vtp pruning global
configuration command
22
VTP Configuration Guidelines Summary

Curriculum goes into more detail- these are
good guidelines to know…
23
Domain names and passwords

Configure a domain name on the
______________________________



The other switches will ________________
If you configure domain name on other switches,
check that it is exactly the same as domain
names are case sensitive.
If you use a _______________ then it must
be ______________________________
24
Versions



VTP _____________ is used by _______ on
Catalyst switches, but they can use version 2.
If you configure version 2 on one switch then
the other switches should learn the new
version and change to it.
If a switch is _____________ of running
version 2 then it will ___________________
______________________________
25
Configure VTP Highlights…




Configure VTP with a _________________
_________________________________
Existing VLANs are removed when you start
to configure VTP.
Check that links are ____________________
Configure client switches to ____________
26
Commands on server
SW1(config)#vtp domain cisco1
 SW1(config)#vtp password cisco
(Password is optional)
Server mode is default, but if it was changed:
 SW1(config)#vtp mode server
Version 1 is default, but command is:
 SW1(config)#vtp version 1

27
Commands on server





Create VLANs- as shown in chapter 3
Check that link is a trunk.
Check VTP operation
SW1# show vtp status
Assign switch ports to VLANs.
28
Client configuration





SW2(config)#vtp mode client
Check that link is a trunk.
Check VTP operation
SW2# show vtp status
Assign switch ports to VLANs -as shown in
chapter 3
29
Things to check when
troubleshooting VTP configs





______________. It needs to be _____________
on all switches in the domain.
_________________. Is it exactly _____________
on all switches?
__________________ if any. Is it exactly ________
on all switches?
Check that there is at ______________________.
Better to have two.
If you recently added a new switch, has its revision
number been set to 0?
30
VTP
A
lot of this chapter material is
summarized in this flash
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/
473/vtp_flash/
31