Cell Organelles
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Organelles
o Organelle—structures __________________________________ distinct processes within the
cell
Cell Membrane
o Cell membrane—a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the
passage of materials into and out of the cell
o Description:
 Thin, flexible barrier made of phospholipids between cell and environment
o Function:
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 Selectively permeable
o Plant/Animal/Both?
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Cytoplasm
o Cytoplasm—jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular
____________________________
o Description:
 Jellylike material
o Function:
 Chemical reactions occur here
 Supplies necessary building blocks (proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions)
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Cytoskeleton
o Cytoskeleton—a _______________________________ that is constantly changing to meet the
needs of a cell
o Description:
 Inside cytoplasm
o Three forms:
 Microtubules—long hollow tubes that give cell its shape and provide pathways for
movement of organelles
 Intermediate filaments—give a cell strength
 Microfilaments—tiny threads that allow cells to move and divide
o Function:
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 Helps position and transport organelles
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 Assists in cell division
 Aids in cell movement
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Centriole
o Centriole—cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle
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o Description:
 Found near the nucleus, made of microtubules
o Function:
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o Plant/Animal/Both?
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Cell Wall
o Cell wall—a rigid layer that ___________________________________________ to the cell
o Description:
 Outermost boundary
o Function:
 Provides support and protection
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Plant only
Nucleus
o Nucleus—the storehouse for most of the genetic information (DNA)
o Description:
 __________________________________________, which is usually in the form of
chromatin (tightly coiled strands of DNA)
 Surrounded by nuclear envelope (controls material in and out of nucleus)
o Function:
 Controls all functioning of the cell
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Nucleolus
o Description:
 Dark region inside the nucleus
o Function:
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o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Endoplasmic Reticulum
o Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)—an _____________________________ of thin folded membranes
o Two types:
 Rough ER
 Smooth ER
Rough ER
o Description:
 Network of interconnected flattened sacs that are _____________________________
o Function:
 Provides a pathway thru which ribosomes make proteins
 May enclose products in transport vesicles
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Smooth ER
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o Description:
 No ribosomes, folded network of tubules outside rough ER
o Function:
 ___________________________, detoxification by liver cells, store calcium ions
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Ribosomes
o Ribosome—tiny organelles that _________________________________ to form proteins
o Description:
 Look like small dots
 Found in two locations:
 Free ribosomes—float in cytoplasm
 Attached ribosomes—connected to Rough ER
o Function:
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o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Golgi Apparatus
o Golgi appartus—closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that
________________________________________________
o Description:
 Stacked, flattened sacs (like pancakes)
o Function:
 Store, modify, transport macromolecules
 Form _______________________________________________
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Vesicles
o Vesicles—a general name used to describe small membrane-bound sacs that divide some
material from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place within
the cell
o Description:
 Membrane-bound sacs filled with materials
o Function:
 ___________________________ throughout the cell or into or out of the cell
o Animal/Plant/Both?
 Both
Vacuole
o Vacuole—a fluid-filled sac used for the ________________________________ needed by a cell
o Description:
 Sac filled with water, food molecules, inorganic ions, and/or enzymes
 Central vacuole—found only in plants and used to add support to cell and store watery
fluid
o Function:
 Storage areas for food, water, enzymes and wastes
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o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both (except central vacuole in plants)
Lysosome
o Lysosome—membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes
o Description:
 Sac-like structure
o Function:
 ________________________________ that digest excess or worn out cell parts, food or
invaders
o Plant/Animal/Both?
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Mitochondria
o Mitochondria—supply energy to the cell
o Description:
 Jelly bean shape with inner folds
o Function:
 _____________________________—releases energy from food molecules and turns it
into ATP
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 Both
Chloroplasts
o Chloroplasts—organelles that __________________________________________
o Description:
 Contain green pigment called chlorophyll
o Function:
 Conversion of light energy to chemical energy of sugars (photosynthesis)
o Plant/Animal/Both?
 F
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Plant Only
Common Organelles
Animal Only