Exploring the Education Profile and Pipeline for Puerto Ricans and Hispanics in Central Florida Hispanic Summit June 28-29, 2007 Anthony De Jesús Daniel W. Vasquez Total Population Change by Race Central Florida & State of Florida, 1990 and 2000 2000 Percent 1990 Percent Level Change Total 1,644,561 100.0% 1,167,406 100.0% 477,155 40.9% White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Other race 1,234,451 225,415 5,599 43,610 82,662 75.1% 13.7% 0.3% 2.7% 5.0% 888,648 132,796 3,704 20,332 27,268 76.1% 11.4% 0.3% 1.7% 2.3% 345,803 92,619 1,895 23,278 55,394 38.9% 69.7% 51.2% 114.5% 203.1% -1.1% 2.3% 0.0% 0.9% 2.7% 271,425 16.5% 94,658 8.1% 176,767 186.7% 8.4% 1990 Percent Level Change Percent Change in Change Percent Total 15,982,378 100.0% 14,492,957 100.0% 1,489,421 10.3% White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Other race 12,463,302 2,312,105 54,428 271,189 472,333 Central Florida Hispanic State of Florida Hispanic Source: 1990 & 2000 US Census data (SF-3 release). 2000 Percent 2,680,314 Percent Change in Change Percent - - 78.0% 10,755,698 14.5% 1,755,958 0.3% 42,619 1.7% 150,200 3.0% 233,451 74.2% 12.1% 0.3% 1.0% 1.6% 1,707,604 556,147 11,809 120,989 238,882 15.9% 31.7% 27.7% 80.6% 102.3% 3.8% 2.4% 0.0% 0.7% 1.3% 16.8% 10.7% 1,125,283 72.4% 6.0% 1,555,031 Educational Attainment by Race State of Florida, 1990 & 2000 High school graduate (includes equivalency and other) 35% 30% 30.9% 29.1% 29.1% 26.4% 27.8% 27.1% 25% 21.4% 18.4% 20% 23.0% 22.2% 15% 10% 5% 0% White 30% Black Nat. Am 25.0% 15% 20.2% 15.2% 12.6% 10% 8.3% 6.7% 9.7% 7.5% Black Nat. Am 10.5% 8.8% 5% 0% White AsianAmerican 1990 2000 Source: 1990 & 2000 US Census data (SF-3 release). Hispanic 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 7.7%7.6% 7.2% 6.8% 7.8% 7.1% 6.1% 5.2% White Hispanic Bachelor’s degree 25% 20% AsianAmerican Associates degree 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Black Nat. Am AsianAmerican 6.8% 6.3% Hispanic Graduate and professional degree 15.9% 13.4% 8.6% 6.7% 4.2% 3.1% White Black 7.1% 5.5% 5.2% 4.0% Nat. Am AsianAmerican Hispanic Educational Attainment by Race Central Florida, 1990 & 2000 35% 30% High school graduate (includes equivalency and other) 29.6% 27.9% 28.4% 27.5% 30.4% 29.2% 23.7% 25% 25.1% 24.8% 17.1% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% White 30% Black Nat. Am Bachelor’s degree 15% Hispanic 27.6% 23.7% 25% 20% AsianAmerican 18.3% 14.3% 10% 10.1% 8.1% 9.7% 7.7% Black Nat. Am 11.7% 11.6% 5% 0% White AsianAmerican 1990 2000 Source: 1990 & 2000 US Census data (SF-3 release). Associates degree 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Hispanic 6.6% 8.0% 8.0%8.1% 6.8% 5.9% 4.8% White 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 8.2% 7.9%8.0% Black Nat. Am Graduate and professional degree AsianAmerican Hispanic 14.7% 10.9% 8.1% 6.7% 5.8% 4.5% 3.4% White Black 5.3% 4.4% 3.7% Nat. Am AsianAmerican Hispanic Hispanic Educational Attainment by National Origin Central Florida, 2000 Central Florida Hispanic Puerto Rican Mexican Cuban Total: 1,083,496 154,282 80,966 Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 55,316 131,375 298,161 244,624 85,293 185,614 83,113 18,896 24,869 38,269 33,408 12,562 18,048 8,230 7,361 12,891 21,181 18,905 7,573 9,874 3,181 Percent: 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree Source: 2000 Census, SF-4 release Universe: Population, age 25+ 5.1% 12.1% 27.5% 22.6% 7.9% 17.1% 7.7% 12.2% 16.1% 24.8% 21.7% 8.1% 11.7% 5.3% 9.1% 15.9% 26.2% 23.3% 9.4% 12.2% 3.9% 16,018 13,797 Colombian Dominican Venezuelan 7,767 6,137 2,108 1,644 2,486 2,991 2,491 940 1,927 1,318 562 1,008 2,082 1,768 622 1,001 724 743 1,100 1,608 1,515 433 475 263 137 144 423 464 241 461 238 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 7.2% 13.0% 26.8% 22.8% 8.0% 12.9% 9.3% 12.1% 17.9% 26.2% 24.7% 7.1% 7.7% 4.3% 6.5% 6.8% 20.1% 22.0% 11.4% 21.9% 11.3% 5,357 3,099 3,319 2,111 531 1,094 507 33.4% 19.3% 20.7% 13.2% 3.3% 6.8% 3.2% 11.9% 18.0% 21.7% 18.1% 6.8% 14.0% 9.6% Associates Degree Attainment by Hispanic National Origin Relative to Regional Average Central Florida, 2000 Associates degree attainment relative to Central Florida average for total population, aged 25+ 5% (241) 3.6% 4% 3% (7,573) 1.5% 2% 1% (12,562) 0.3% Mexican Cuban (622) 0.1% Dominican 0% Hispanic Puerto Rican Colombian -1% -0.8% (433) -1.1% (940) -2% Venezuelan -3% -4% -5% -6% Source: 2000 Census, SF-4 release Universe: Population, age 25+ -4.6% (531) Legend: X.X% relative to the Central Florida regional average (# of Population, age 25+,with Associates degree) 7.9% (85,293) Post-Secondary Education Attainment by Hispanic National Origin Relative to Regional Average Central Florida, 2000 Hispanic Puerto Rican Mexican Cuban Colombian Dominican Venezuelan Post-secondary educational attainment relative to Central Florida average for total population, aged 25+ 6% 4.7% 3.6% 4% 2% 1.9% 1.5% 0.8% 0.3% 1.7% 2.1% 0.2%0.1% 0% -0.9% -2% -0.6% -0.8% -1.1% -2.3% -3.2% -4% -6% -3.4% -3.7% -4.9% -4.6% -4.5% -4.5% -4.2% -5.4% -8% -10% -9.4% -9.4% -10.3% -12% Some college, no degree Source: 2000 Census, SF-4 release Universe: Population, age 25+ Associate degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 3.6% Hispanic Student Enrollment Top 10 US Metropolitan Areas, 2002 Rank Metro Area (n=332) # of Hispanic Students Hispanic Share of Total Enrollment 1 SAN JUAN-BAYAMON, PR MSA 588,539 100% 2 LAREDO, TX 53,547 97.7% 3 MCALLENEDINBURGH-MISSION, TX 151,680 96.1% 4 BROWNSVILLEHARLINGEN-SAN BENITO, TX 86,438 93.8% 5 EL PASO, TX 159,918 86.5% 6 LAS CRUCES, NM 37,169 77.2% 7 YUMA, AZ 31,624 72.4% 8 CORPUS CHRISTI, TX 77,272 64.4% 9 SALINAS, CA 72,719 63.3% 10 VISALIA-PORTERVILLETULARE, CA 86,484 62.5% … … … … 14 MIAMI, FL PMSA 375,836 57.5% 63 CENTRAL FLORIDA 295,080 22.2% Source: Department of Education, NCES CCD Data. Hispanic Student Enrollment State of Florida, 1992-2004 22.0% 20.0% 18.0% 14.0% 264,044 12.0% Source: Department of Education, NCES CCD Data. 04 20 02 20 00 20 98 19 96 19 94 19 92 10.0% 11.3% US average = 4.5% 11% 10.2% 9.8% 10% 9.6% 9.4% 8.8% 9% 8.7% 8.6% 8% 7.7% 7.6% GA NM 7% 6% 16.0% 19 12% Change in Percent, 1992-2004 606,003 Percent of Total Student Enrollment Top 10 Fastest Growing States, Hispanic Student Enrollment Hispanic Student Enrollment, State of Florida, 1992-2004 Latino Share of total Student Enrollment 24.0% 60% AZ CA TX FL CO RI OR WY Top 10 States, Hispanic Student Enrollment in 2004 53.3% US average = 10.7% 50% 46.0% 44.7% 38.2% 40% 30% 26.2% 23.0% 19.8% 20% 18.3% 17.7% 16.8% IL NJ RI 10% 0% NM CA TX AZ CO FL NY Hispanic Student Enrollment Top 10 FL School Districts, 2004 Rank School District City (n=74) Metro Area # of Students Enrolled Hispanic Share of Total Student Enrollment Share of Total State Hispanic Enrollment MIAMI-DADE 400,334 59.8% 36.4% 1 DADE COUNTY SD MIAMI 2 HARDEE COUNTY SD WAUCHULA ... 5,146 50.9% 0.4% 3 HENDRY COUNTY SD LA BELLE ... 7,604 49.3% 0.6% 4 OSCEOLA COUNTY SD KISSIMEE CENTRAL FLORIDA 47,446 48% 3.8% 5 COLLIER COUNTY SD NAPLES NAPLES MSA 42,105 38.6% 2.7% 6 GLADES COUNTY SD MOOREHAVEN ... 1,237 31.5% 0.1% 7 DESOTO COUNTY SD ARCADIA ... 4,942 28.8% 0.2% 8 ORANGE COUNTY SD ORLANDO CENTRAL FLORIDA 173,331 28.3% 8.1% 9 HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY SD TAMPA TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURGHCLEARWATER 189,469 26% 8.1% OKEECHOBEE COUNTY SD OKEECHOBEE ... 7,348 25.5% 0.3% 10 Source: Department of Education, NCES CCD Data. Hispanic HS Diploma Recipients Top 10 FL School Districts, 2002 Rank School District City (n=74) Metro Area (PMSA) # of Hispanic HS Diplomas Hispanic Share of Total HS Diplomas MIAMI-DADE 8,470 52.2% 1 DADE COUNTY SD MIAMI 2 OSCEOLA COUNTY SD KISSIMMEE CENTRAL FLORIDA 499 32.2% 3 HARDEE COUNTY SD WAUCHULA ... 54 27.8% 4 HENDRY COUNTY SD LA BELLE ... 77 26.8% 5 DOZIER/OKEECHOBEE CHIPLEY ... 5 25% 6 FLORIDA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND THE BLIND ST. AUGUSTINE ... 15 23.1% 7 ORANGE COUNTY SD ORLANDO CENTRAL FLORIDA 1,277 19.2% 8 COLLIER COUNTY SD NAPLES NAPLES 274 18% 9 OKEECHOBEE COUNTY SD OKEECHOBEE ... 56 17.8% HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY SD TAMPA TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURGHCLEARWATER 1,375 17.8% … … … 10 … 39 53 69 Source: Department of Education, NCES CCD Data. … Hispanic Students in Schools Top 50 Central Florida Schools, 2002 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 School City EXPRESSIONS CYPRESS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CENTER FOR YOUTH APPRENTICESHIP ENGELWOOD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BOGGY CREEK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OAKSHIRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PARKWAY MIDDLE SCHOOL VENTURA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL VISION KISSIMMEE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PINAR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MCCOY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CENTRAL AVENUE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHICKASAW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DEERWOOD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL VENTURA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STONEWALL JACKSON MIDDLE SCHOOL AZALEA PARK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL GATEWAY HIGH SCHOOL MEADOW WOODS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL KISSIMMEE MIDDLE SCHOOL LITTLE RIVER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL HIGHLANDS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL THREE POINTS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL P. M. WELLS CHARTER ACADEMY DISCOVERY INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL APOPKA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PROFESSIONAL & TECHNICAL HIGH THACKER AVENUE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MEADOW WOODS MIDDLE SCHOOL POINCIANA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LANCASTER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DENN JOHN MIDDLE SCHOOL C.O.P.E. POINCIANA HIGH SCHOOL COLONIAL HIGH SCHOOL BELLALAGO CHARTER ACADEMY LIBERTY MIDDLE SCHOOL UNION PARK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SADLER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL FOUNDATION MIDDLE ACADEMY LAWTON CHILES ELEMENTARY SCHOOL WALKER MIDDLE SCHOOL CYPRESS CREEK SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENDEAVOR UNION PARK MIDDLE SCHOOL UCP OSCEOLA CHILD DEVELOPMENT PARTIN SETTLEMENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHENEY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL KISSIMMEE CHARTER ACADEMY KISSIMMEE KISSIMMEE KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE KISSIMMEE KISSIMMEE KISSIMMEE ORLANDO ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO ORLANDO ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE KISSIMMEE APOPKA KISSIMMEE KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE SAINT CLOUD KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO ORLANDO ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO ORLANDO ORLANDO KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE KISSIMMEE ORLANDO KISSIMMEE Source: Department of Education, NCES CCD Data. Author’s calculations. Total Students Latino Students Percent 10 970 9 568 784 1367 1117 1138 32 1281 547 785 836 730 1520 788 1163 935 2676 861 1224 1054 890 802 491 1486 754 608 657 1938 1493 864 1361 106 2534 3843 676 1282 760 948 240 814 1137 2990 43 1389 55 970 663 647 9 778 7 432 589 1018 822 834 23 898 382 547 573 499 1036 531 782 619 1765 564 800 688 564 508 306 916 459 369 395 1161 894 516 810 62 1467 2197 384 725 429 535 132 445 613 1610 23 734 29 509 345 329 90.0 80.2 77.8 76.1 75.1 74.5 73.6 73.3 71.9 70.1 69.8 69.7 68.5 68.4 68.2 67.4 67.2 66.2 66.0 65.5 65.4 65.3 63.4 63.3 62.3 61.6 60.9 60.7 60.1 59.9 59.9 59.7 59.5 58.5 57.9 57.2 56.8 56.6 56.4 56.4 55.0 54.7 53.9 53.8 53.5 52.8 52.7 52.5 52.0 50.9 2000 Education Pipeline by Race Central Florida Region, School Enrollment, Percent of Population Aged 3+ Preschool Grades 9 to 12 Grades 1 to 8 Kindergarten Population Age 3+, enrolled in school College (Undergrad + Grad. / Prof.) White: 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.3 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.8 2 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 Black: 9.8 10.7 16.9 17 4.7 5.0 5.3 6.1 8.9 8.5 6.9 6 6 5.3 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.4 11.3 11 6.5 7.1 6.6 6.2 Native American: 11.7 12 10.5 10.3 12.4 14.8 Asian: Hispanic: State of Florida: Source: 2000 US Census data (SF-3 release). Central Florida Region: 2000 Hispanic Education Pipeline by National Origin Central Florida Region, School Enrollment, Percent of Population Aged 3+ Grades 5 to 8 Grades 1 to 4 Kindergarten Grades 9 to 12 Undergraduate 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.5 5.5 6.1 5.6 5.9 5.5 5.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 6.2 7.6 6.2 7.2 6.5 7.1 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.3 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.1 9 8.5 7.1 5.7 1.1 1.1 1 1.3 3.8 4.6 4.3 5.3 Graduate / Professional 4.8 5.3 0.9 0.9 5.5 5.5 1 0.7 7.4 5.1 4.9 0.7 0.5 6.2 5.5 2.8 3.4 0.4 0.4 5.1 4.5 4.8 5.5 1.2 0.9 Cuban Mexican Puerto Rican Total Hispanic Population Total Population Preschool State of Florida: Source: 2000 US Census data (SF-4 release). Central Florida Region: Hispanic ESL and Free/Reduced Lunch Status Percent of Total and Hispanic Enrollment in Central Florida, 2005 Total PK-12 enrollment in Central Florida: 560,853 ESL Non-Hispanic •42,367 students, or 34% of Hispanic enrollment* •437,469 PK-12 enrollment, 78 percent Hispanic •123,384 PK-12 enrollment, 22 percent Free/Reduced Lunch •83,914 students, or 68% of Hispanic enrollment* Note: * Numbers do no equal 100 percent due to overlapping categories of data: some Hispanic ESL students receive free or reduced lunches; conversely, some Hispanic students who receive free or reduced lunches are also enrolled in ESL. Source: State of Florida, Department of Education. Hispanic Students in Central Florida Region by County Number & Percent of Total, 2005 Total Hispanic PK-12 enrollment in Central Florida: 123,384 Seminole; 11,407; 9% Brevard; 5,302; 4% Volusia; 8,892; 7% Orange; 51,595; 43% Osceola; 23,708; 19% Polk; 16,992; 14% Source: State of Florida, Department of Education. Lake; 5,488; 4% Hispanic Post-Secondary Enrollment in Central Florida, 2005 Total Public University Enrollment = 120,718 Hispanic (13%) Non-Hispanic (87%) •University of Central Florida (4,928 Hispanic students) •Valencia Community College (6,529 Hispanic students) Total Private University Enrollment = 10,412 Hispanic (14%) Non-Hispanic (86%) •Seminole Community College (1,505 Hispanic students) Public •Florida Metropolitan University – South Orlando (21.4%) •Florida Metropolitan University – North Orlando (18%) •University of Phoenix – Central Florida (13.9%) Private Hispanic FCAT Results in Central Florida, 2005 Percent of Hispanic Students Meeting Minimum (Level 3) Score 80 70 60 67 FL average (all students): 65 66 FL average (Hispanics): 58 51 50 40 47 47 44 38 FL average (all students): 34 28 FL average (Hispanics): 25 30 19 20 17 16 18 12 10 0 Math - 10th grade Source: State of Florida, Department of Education. Reading - 10th grade 29 Orange Lake Polk Osceola Volusia Brevard Seminole Hispanic FCAT Scores and Hispanic Median Income Central Florida School Districts, 2005 70 Brevard 65 y = 0.003x - 50.84 R2 = 0.7315 Seminole Hispanic FCAT scores – 10th grade Math 60 55 Orange 50 Osceola 45 Lake “There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between Hispanic student performance in Central Florida and median household income for all seven school districts and counties.” Volusia 40 Polk 35 30 $30,000 $32,000 $34,000 $36,000 $38,000 Hispanic Median Household Income $40,000 $42,000 Hispanic FCAT Scores and Hispanic Median Income Central Florida School Districts, 2005 30 Seminole Brevard 28 y = 0.0016x - 36.952 R2 = 0.6895 Hispanic FCAT scores – 10th grade Reading 26 24 22 20 Orange Volusia 18 Osceola Lake 16 14 Polk 12 10 $30,000 $32,000 $34,000 $36,000 “There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between Hispanic student performance in Central Florida and median household income for all seven school districts and counties.” $38,000 Hispanic Median Household Income $40,000 $42,000 Probability of Dropping Out by Race Central Florida Region, 2002 For students in the 7th grade; likelihood of dropping out before the 12th grade • 1 in 6 students likely to drop out • 1 in 5 Hispanic students likely to drop out • 1 in 8 white students likely to drop out • 1 in 5 black students likely to drop out • Nearly 1 in 11 Asian-American students likely to drop out • 1 in 9 Native-American students likely to drop out Source: Department of Education, NCES CCD Data. Author’s calculations. Grade Level-Specific Drop-Out Rates by Race Central Florida Region, 2002 Total Student Population 10 Hispanic 10 White 10 Percent 6.1 4.3 3.5 1.6 1.5 7t h 8t h 3.2 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.5 3 1.8 0 1.5 0 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 7t h 8t h Black 2.5 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h Asian-American 10 Percent 1.1 2.6 0 7t h Native American 10 1.1 2.7 10 5.6 4.2 2.1 0 0 7t h 8t h 4.7 4.1 2.5 4.3 4.1 2.3 1.8 1.6 0 0 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 1 0.9 7t h 8t h 1.9 1.2 1.2 10t h 11t h 0 7t h 8t h 9t h Source: Department of Education, NCES CCD Data. Author’s calculations. 10t h 11t h 12t h 9t h 12t h Post-Secondary Graduation Rates by Race in Central Florida, 2005 Hispanic White Black Asian Public University of Central Flroida # of Bachelor's degree conferred to Hispanics # of Master's degree conferred to Hispanics 55% 815 148 58% - 46% - 61% - Valencia Community College # of Associates degree conferred to Hispanics 29% 628 42% - 19% - 48% - Seminole Community College # of Associates degree conferred to Hispanics 29% 121 35% - 19% - 42% - 35% 44% 32% - 20% 15% 5% - Private Florida Metropolitan University, South Orlando University of Phoenix Orange County SAT Scores by Race/Ethnicity 2006 2006 Verbal Math 499 545 433 430 White 524 534 Puerto Rican 463 454 Hispanic or Latino 472 472 590 640 500 540 Asian or Pacific Islander African American or Black UCF 75th Percentile UCF 25th Percentile Source: OCPS 2005-2006 SAT Results, August 29, 2006