Diggin' Drupal Gardens
501: Drupal 7 Basics
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What We’ll Be Covering…
CMS Basics
 About Drupal
 Profiles & Distributions
 Usability
Getting Started
 Drupal Gardens
 Permissions & Roles
 Environment
Creating Content
 Basic Terminology
 Basic Page
Finding Content
 Content List
Revision Tracking
WYSIWYG Editor




Basic WYSIWYG
Pasting Text
Styles
Links
URLs
Basic Menus
Summary
Conclusion
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CMS Basics: Overview
Content Management System
• Computer software, or a group of interdependent software applications, used to
create, edit, publish, and manage different types of content in a consistent and
orderly fashion.
Web Content Management System
• A CMS designed to simplify web-based publications for users who author webbased content.
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CMS Basics: What is Drupal?
Drupal is…
•
•
•
•
A Web Content Management System
A framework originally written by
Belgian computer scientist Dries
Buytaert, PhD as a Bulletin Board
System (BBS)
An Open Source project as of 2001
Hosted at OSU’s Open Source Lab
Very active programming community at http://drupal.org
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CMS Basics: How Does Drupal Work?
Drupal is a modular software system. This
means little programming modules can be
added to provide extra features.
There is a small, lightweight application known
as Drupal core. This contains the basic Drupal
programming modules that are needed for the
system to run.
Once the core software is installed, additional
pieces of programming, known as contributed
modules, can be downloaded from drupal.org
and installed into your site to turn it into the
kind of site you want it to be.
In this way, you can kind of compare it to something like an Erector set or Legos. The
pieces are there and you put them together how you wish.
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CMS Basics: Profiles and Distributions
Certain types of websites can have distinguishing features.
For example, a news website will have lots of news feeds coming in and going out. A
social media site will have interactive aspects like forums and commentary. An ecommerce site will have catalogs.
Different modules exist that will provide these different types of functionality.
If your organization requires several sites to be installed that have the same module
set, an Installation Profile can be created, which is kind of like a site template.
There are many different Drupal packages that have already been put together and
can be downloaded and installed – these are known as Distributions. Many of them
have been contributed back to the community and are available at drupal.org.
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CMS Basics: Usability Concerns
Usability, as it relates to web publications, refers to how clearly a website is designed
and how accessible it is to a wide audience. There are a few different things to
consider here including, but not limited to:




How clear is the navigation?
Has thought been given to users with disabilities?
Does the site work with many different browsers?
Do features actually work as they’re supposed to?
Using a well-configured CMS can really bolster the usability of a site through
automation and interface design.
Throughout all workshops, if there are potential usability issues, they will be
addressed in their corresponding sections.
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Getting Started: Browser Use
Just so everyone is on the same page, please use
Mozilla Firefox as your browser.
This is just to ensure consistency between all
participants, class materials, and the instructor.
We need to do a little set-up:
1.
In your top browser menu, please go to Tools >
Preferences > General
2.
Locate the Downloads fieldset, select Save files to
and then select Desktop as the location to save
files to
This will save anything you download on the Web
to your computer’s desktop.
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Getting Started: Your Lab Materials
To gather your lab materials for this workshop, do the following:
1.
Open another tab in your browser
2.
In your new tab, go to http://oregonstate.edu/cws/training
3.
Look in the lower right and click on the Training Materials graphic – this will take you to the
page where all training materials for all CWS Drupal classes are distributed
4.
Scroll down to the 500 series of classes
5.
Locate the 501 Basics row and click on the Lab link – download the lab to your desktop
6.
Once the zip file is downloaded you will need to extract it. For a PC, right click on the zip file
and select Extract All. For a Mac, simply double-click on the zip file.
7.
You can then move the zip file to your trash
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Getting Started: Drupal Gardens
A common fear in technology classes is that something will get ‘broken’.
You’ll be working in a training area specifically created for new users. You might make
a mistake or two, and it’s okay if you do.
The training area that we’ll be using, Discover Drupal, is a multi-user site. This means
that everyone will be working on the same site at the same time.
This is an interactive class. Don’t be afraid to speak out concerning any questions or
comments.
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Getting Started: Drupal Gardens
Our Discover Drupal site is hosted inside of Drupal Gardens.
Drupal Gardens is:
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
A special hosting environment provided by Acquia, the
proprietary Drupal consultation company founded by Dries
Buytaert

A good example of a Distribution

Highly stylized – it’s not what you should expect out of a
basic Drupal installation, but it’s good example of what
Drupal can become

Available anywhere you can get on the web

Free for your use
10
Getting Started: Drupal Gardens - Discover Drupal
To get to the Discover Drupal training site, go to:
http://discoverdrupal.drupalgardens.com
When you first encounter the site, note the items that
are laid out on the screen.
This is what the general public, or anonymous users,
will see if they visit this site.
Right now, you’re an anonymous user. To get in and
start adding content, you’ll need to join the site.
So let’s find out how to join…
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Getting Started: Drupal Gardens – Discover Drupal - Join
Once on the Discover Drupal site:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
5
1
3
4
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Locate the Sign up link and click it
Enter your desired Username
Enter your desired E-mail address
Click the Sign Up button
A confirmation message will appear
directing you to your email
Getting Started: Drupal Gardens – Discover Drupal - Verify Your Email
Once you submit your registration
information, an email will be sent
from the Discover Drupal site to the
email you registered.
Go to your email account, log in, and
click the verification link in your email
from the Drupal Gardener.
Click this link!
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Getting Started: Drupal Gardens – Discover Drupal – Change Password
After clicking on the link, you will be taken
back into the Discover Drupal site.
1
1.
2.
You will be informed this is a one-time
login – click the Log in button
You will be asked to change your
password. Enter your new password in
the Password field and then enter it
again in the Confirm password field

3.
Make sure to write your password down
Click the Save button
2
3
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You’re now logged into the site!
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Getting Started: Drupal Gardens – Discover Drupal - Logged In
Upon a successful log-in, you’ll receive a
confirmation message.
You’ll also discover a few other things that
are different now that you’re logged in.
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Getting Started: Drupal Gardens – Discover Drupal - Anon v. Auth View
Different roles
can have
different
permissions on
a Drupal site.
User Links
The variation
you see is due
to the fact that
you went from
being one role
(or type of user)
to another.
Login Link is
gone!
Login Link
Helpful Links
menu block
now shows
Who’s Online
block now
shows
Anonymous User
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Authenticated User
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Getting Started: Permissions & Roles - Permissions
Permissions are what particular users are allowed to do within a particular website


Security feature
Provides organization and responsibility levels for team-based initiatives
Every activity you perform in Drupal has a permission tied to it. For example:



Permission to create each individual type of content
Permission to upload files
Permission to view reports
There are many, many different permissions available on a Drupal site.
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Getting Started: Permissions & Roles - Roles
Roles are categories of users, each with different levels of permissions.
• There exists six default roles in our Discover Drupal site






Anonymous user
Authenticated user
Blogger
Editor
Administrator
Site maintainer
For our purposes today, we’ll only be dealing with the Anonymous, Authenticated, and
Editor roles.
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Getting Started: Permissions & Roles - Anonymous user
An Anonymous user is the general public.
This is your audience. Typically an
audience member does not contribute
actual content to a site.
Depending on how your site is set up,
though, your audience may possibly be
able to add commentary or submit form
data via your site.
The title of this role can not be changed.
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Getting Started: Permissions & Roles - Authenticated user
An Authenticated user is someone who
is registered with and logged into the
site.
This is an umbrella term for all of the
other roles that may exist in the
system, but it could also be for a guest
who has the ability to log in and see
things differently than an anonymous
user, but can not contribute anything.
The title of this role can not be
changed.
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Getting Started: Permissions & Roles - Blogger
A Blogger serves a very limited content
creation role.
A Blogger can only create blog entries and
can only edit or delete those blog entries
that he or she owns.
This is a default role in Drupal Gardens.
The title of this role can be changed.
This role is very limited. It should be applied to
users who only wish to create blog posts. We
won’t be using it in our class.
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Getting Started: Permissions & Access Roles - Editor
An Editor is an expanded content
contributor.
This role can create all content types
available within the system, but can only
edit or delete content he or she owns.
This is a custom role. The title can be
changed.
For the sake of this workshop, all
members are Editors.
This role is for people who will be creating multiple
types of content. For example, they might create
sectional pages, photo galleries, etc.
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Getting Started: Permissions & Roles - Administrator
An Administrator is the main overseer of
the site.
This role has access to things that affect
the site globally, such as changing the
theme.
Additionally, administrators are
responsible for people management. They
can add and remove users and promote
or demote roles.
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This role should be granted with extreme care as it
has many permissions that can globally affect the
appearance and functionality of the site.
23
Getting Started: Permissions & Roles – Site Maintainer
A Site maintainer is the owner of the site.
This is the person who initially started the
site in Drupal Gardens.
This role can not be renamed, the
permissions can not be changed, and it
has full power over everything on the site,
including the ability to delete the site.
This role should be granted with extreme care as it
has all the power on the site.
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Getting Started: Permissions & Roles – Role Assignment
When you first register, you’re automatically an authenticated user, but you do not
have any other role than this.
An Administrator or Site maintainer must assign a role to you.
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Getting Started: Environment
Admin Menu
User Links
Site Search
Main Menu Block
(front page only)
Front Page Node
Slideshow Block
(front page only)
Helpful Links Menu
(all nodes)
Mailing List, Recent Comments, and
Who’s Online Blocks
(front page only)
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Photo Gallery Block
(front page only)
Recent Blog Posts & Active Forum
Topic Blocks (front page only)
26
Getting Started: Environment – My Account
Your account information contains some information about you as a user:
Your username and avatar/photo
 Many different customizable settings regarding how your site behaves

 Whether to use the overlay or not
 How you receive follow-up information
 Whether your contact information is shown or not
Your blog entries
 How long you’ve been a member
 Your “My Follow” links

 Links to your personal social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, etc

Your custom shortcuts
We’ll take a few moments to explore how to add an avatar and use the My Follow
feature
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Getting Started: Environment - My Account - Accessing
1
Each registered user has an account.
To get into your account settings, do
the following:
1.
Click on either the My account link or
on your username up in the upper
right side of your administrative
menu.
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Getting Started: Environment – My Account – Edit account
To add avatars or change your basic
information, you must go to the main
Drupal Gardens server:
1
1.
2.
Click on the Edit account tab
When the overlay appears, click on the
Drupal Gardens server link
This is going to take you out of the
Discover Drupal site and put you in the
main Drupal Gardens domain.
2
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Getting Started: Environment – My Account – Edit account – Avatars & Signatures
An avatar is a virtual representation of you. It can be an actual picture of you, or some
iconic image that you use to represent yourself. If you have an avatar associated with
your account, it will show next to your posts and commentary.
A signature is similar to the signature you might use in an email. It can be used to
provide further information about you when you post items, or for some personalized
saying that you wish to use.
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Getting Started: Environment – My Account – Edit account – Ex. 01 Add Avatar & Signature
1
Once in the main Drupal
Gardens domain, do the
following:
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click the Edit tab
Scroll down to the Picture
fieldset click the Browse
button, navigate to your lab
materials on your desktop and
upload an avatar from the Ex.
01 folder
Add a Signature, if desired
Click the Save button
3
4
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Getting Started: Environment – My Account – Edit account – Ex. 01 Completed
Once you save your settings, you should
see your updated information immediately
in Drupal Gardens.
Here’s where things get a little tricky,
though. You’ll need to return back to the
Discover Drupal site at
http://discoverdrupal.drupalgardens.com
Click on your My account link to return to
your account settings
When you return to your account settings, your avatar will not
immediately show. To see your updates in Discover Drupal,
you’ll need to sync your changes by logging out of Discover
Drupal and then logging back in.
We’ll do that in just a minute…first let’s take a look at My Follow
information…
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Getting Started: Environment – My Account – Edit account – My Follow Information
My Follow is a feature of the Follow module, a contributed module that adds sitewide
and per user links to a variety of different social media sites that you may have,
including:

Facebook

LinkedIn

MySpace

Twitter

YouTube

And more…
Let’s jump in and add some links to Facebook and LinkedIn.
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Getting Started: Environment – My Account – Edit account – Ex. 02 Add My Follow Information
To add My Follow information, from
your My account main page, click the
My follow links tab:
1.
2.
3.
From your Ex. 02 lab materials, paste
in the provided Facebook URL in the
Facebook field
From your Ex. 02 lab materials, paste
in the provided LinkedIn URL in the
LinkedIn field
Click the Submit button
1
2
In both cases, if you have your own
links to Facebook and/or LinkedIn, feel
free to use them, instead.
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Getting Started: Environment – My Account – Edit account – Ex. 02 Completed
Once you’ve saved your My Follow
information, something interesting
happens…
This My Follow block will appear on your
user profile and also whenever anything
you author shows.
Any additional links that you add to your
My Follow information in the future will
also show.
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Getting Started: Environment – My Account – Edit account - Completed
To see the final result, you’ll need to log out of Discover Drupal and then log back in
again.
Once you’ve done this, click on the My account link.
You should now see your avatar and
your My Follow information.
This information can be further
changed whenever you wish by
simply going back into your account
settings and changing it.
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Getting Started: Environment – Admin Menu
The Administration menu is a feature that is only visible to authenticated users.
Different things will appear on the menu depending on what role you are assigned in
the site.
This is what an Editor sees.
This is what an Administrator sees.
For the sake of this class, we’ll be looking at things from an Editor’s perspective.
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Getting Started: Environment – Admin Menu – Link Groups
User links: Links to user related
items like your account and help
information
Site links: Used for
working on site
Shortcut bar: Shortcut links to
common tasks – you can choose
a set of shortcuts to speed up your
workflow
The admin menu contains three distinct groups of links that you’ll use on the site.
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Getting Started: Environment – Admin Menu - Shortcut Bar – Add Content
As an Editor, there really are only a
couple of links you’ll need and they’re
both located on the Shortcut bar.
Let’s take a look at how to, generally,
create content:
1.
2.
3.
1
2
On the Shortcut bar, click the Add
content link
This will open up the Add content
overlay, with all the different
available content types you can
choose from
Close the overlay by clicking the X in
the upper right corner
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3
Getting Started: Environment – Admin Menu - Shortcut Bar – Find Content
1
3
2
To view a list of all content on your
Drupal site, the Find content menu
link is the tool to use:
1.
2.
3.
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In the Shortcut bar, click the Find
content link
The Content overlay will appear
with a list of all content in your site
Close the overlay by clicking on the
X in the upper right corner
Getting Started: Environment – Admin Menu - Shortcut Bar – Ex. 03 Edit Shortcuts
Shortcut sets are collections of links
that can be shown on your Shortcut
bar. To change your shortcut set, do
the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the My account link
Click the Shortcuts tab on your
account settings page
Select the Contributor Shortcuts
option
Click the Change set button
Once the confirmation message
shows, click the X in the upper
right corner to close the overlay
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5
3
4
2
41
Getting Started: Environment – Admin Menu - Shortcut Bar – Ex. 03 Completed
You’ll note an immediate change in
the list of links on your Shortcut bar.
This shortcut display is relative to
you. Other users can choose to use
different sets, if they’re available,
and it will not affect what you see.
On the Discover Drupal site, only an
Administrator can edit existing
shortcut sets or create new ones.
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Creating Content: Overview
Now that we’ve got a little bit of the Drupal environment under our belts, it’s time to
get in and start creating some content.
Content, in Drupal, can mean a few different things. In fact, Drupal actually recognizes
several different categories of content and provides permitted users the ability to
create custom content types.
For the purpose of this class, we’ll be focusing specifically on creating and formatting
text-based content.
For general reference, as a content contributor, building up your skills in various areas
such as writing for the web, logical content organization, and digital photo editing is
strongly suggested to achieve professional results.
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Creating Content: Basic Terminology
Drupal uses many different terms that can sometimes be confusing to people. Here
are a few to get started…we’ll pick up more along the way:

Content: Any sort of material published in a Drupal site




Content Type: The form used to create a particular type of content. The standard content
types available in our Discover Drupal site are:










Text
Images
Video
Basic page
Blog entry
Book page
FAQ item
Forum topic
Gallery
News item
Poll
Webform
Node: A general, collective term for all content types
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Creating Content: Basic Page
Drupal offers many different Content Types to work with. For the purpose of this
workshop, though, we’ll focus on just one of them, the Basic page content type.
The Basic page content type is best suited for static information. Static information is
information that doesn’t change very often and does not have some kind of
automated configuration applied to it. A good example of static information is the kind
that’s commonly found on an “About Us” or “Contact Us” web page.
Within this one content type, we’ll explore a few different things, including some
general features that are found on all default content types and basic use of the text
editor.
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Creating Content: Basic Page – Ex. 04 Create a Basic Page Node
1
Let’s put our new shortcut link to
use to create our first Basic page
node:
1.
2.
2
In your Shortcut bar, click the
Add Basic Page link
A new Create Basic page
submission form opens
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Creating Content: Basic Page – Ex. 04 Create a Basic Page Node – Page Features - Top
On the Basic page content type form,
at the top, we have:
1
1.
2
Title field
 This is a required field
2.
Body field
 Drupal Gardens uses the CK Editor rich text
editor
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Creating Content: Basic Page – Ex. 04 Create a Basic Page Node – Page Features - Bottom
At the bottom of the Basic page submission
form is a tabbed group of settings. These
items appear on all node types.
1.
Menu settings tab
1
2
 Used to create menu items, if desired
2.
Book outline tab

3.
Revision information tab

4.
Typically used with Book page content type
Saves revisions
3
Search engine optimization (SEO) tab

Creates web address for node
4
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Creating Content: Basic Page – Ex. 04 Create a Basic Page Node – Add Content to Page
To add your first bit of content:
1.
2.
1
2
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Enter some text in the Title field
Enter at least two lines of text in the
Body field
Creating Content: Basic Page – Ex. 04 Create a Basic Page Node – Preview Draft
To preview the content:
1.
2.
At the bottom of the form, click the
Preview button
A preview will appear at the top of
the form
2
To make changes, just scroll down the
page, make your changes, and click
the preview button again.
1
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Creating Content: Basic Page – Ex. 04 Create a Basic Page Node – Save Draft
To save the node as a draft:
1.
2.
Cilck the Save as Draft button
A notification will appear telling you that
a draft of the content has been saved
2
A draft preview will show a pink background.
Depending on your monitor settings, sometimes this
coloration may not be very obvious.
1
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Finding Content: Overview
You may notice that we didn’t even bother setting a menu link for the node that was
just created.
Draft nodes will not display a menu link at all – even if one is set. When nodes are in
draft state, they’re not visible by anonymous users and any menu links that are
associated with the node are disabled.
You can still locate and access your draft material, though, by using the Content list
feature.
Let’s take a look at this tool.
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Finding Content: Content List
1
To view the Content list, do the
following:
1.
2.
2
In the Shortcut bar, click on the
Find content link
A full list of all site content will
appear
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Finding Content: Content List – Ex. 05 Finding Your Node – Filtering the Content List
1
With large sites, it can be tedious
trying to find one particular node out
of the entire list.
Filter tools are provided at the top to
help locate the node you want.
To filter the list of content by status:
2
1.
2.
3.
In the drop-down menu next to the
status label, select not published
Click the Filter button
The filtered list will only show items
that are not published
3
The filter is persistent – this means it will stay on, even if you leave the content list. To remove the filter, click
the Reset button
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Finding Content: Content List – Ex. 05 Finding Your Node – Viewing Your Node
To view a draft:
1.
2.
Click on the desired title in the list
of unpublished content
A view of the draft content will
appear
1
2
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Revision Tracking: Overview
The ability to apply revision tracking to both published and draft content is a great
benefit that Drupal supplies.
Utilizing revision control may be desirable for a few different reasons including:

Group projects where many contributors are working on the same document

Security for works-in-progress

Convenience if a roll-back to a previous version is desired
Revision tracking is a setting that your administrator must apply to a content type.
The Basic page content type in the Discover Drupal site has been configured to track
revisions, so let’s take a look at how it works...
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Revision Tracking: Ex. 06 Create a Revised Draft
To track a revision, do the following:
1
1.
2
2.
3.
4.
5.
4
3
5
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Click on the Edit tab on your node to
open the content in edit mode
Add another line of text in the Body
field
Click on the Revision information tab
Add a summary of the change in the
Revision log message field
Click the Save button
Revision Tracking: Ex. 06 Create a Revised Draft – View Revision List
To view the revision list, just do the
following:
3
1.
2.
3.
When your node updates, it will
now have a Revisions tab on it –
click the tab
A list of all revisions will appear on
an overlay with the most recent
revision at the top of list,
highlighted in yellow
To close out the revision list, just
click on the X in the upper right
corner of the overlay
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WYSIWYG Editor: Overview
Drupal Gardens uses CK Editor, a web-based WYSIWYG text editor module


WYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get
Provides users with a text editing interface similar to a word processing application versus
coding in HTML
HTML Code
WYSIWYG Editor


Individuals can toggle this feature on and off at their discretion
Leave this feature enabled for this workshop
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 07 Basic WYSIWYG
Let’s get in and take a closer look at the
WYSIWYG editor:
1
2
1.
2.
3.
Click on the Edit tab to open your node
in edit mode
The editor displays with a rich text
toolbar. Note that toolbar is very similar
to existing text editor toolbars available
in programs such as MS Word
If you’re not sure what a button does,
hover over it for a second to see the
name/function of a button
3
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 07 Basic WYSIWYG – Change Paragraph Format
The Format Paragraph drop-down
menu contains pre-set attributes
for fonts which include size and
font type:
2
1
1.
2.
3.
Highlight the first row of text in the
Body field
Click on the drop down that says
Normal to open it
Click on one of the options in the
list
3
The highlighted row of text will
change according to the format
selected.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 07 Basic WYSIWYG – Change Paragraph Format – Doc Structure
It can be tempting, sometimes, to use the largest font size available in the Paragraph
Format options, but some special usability concerns need to be taken into
consideration.
The heading styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3, etc) are actually very significant
document structure tools and should be used appropriately.

Heading 1 = for site title (it is not an available style in our Discover Drupal site)

Heading 2 = for page titles (this should really not be used in your Body area)

Heading 3, 4, 5, 6 = Headers used for nested topics in the body area
This structure is actually interpreted both by search engines and screen readers and
should be adhered to for compliance with web publishing practices.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 07 Basic WYSIWYG – Change Font Face
The available font faces are Bold,
Italic, Underline, and Strikethrough.
To change the font face:
2
1.
1
2.
Highlight a row of text
Click on one of the font face
buttons: bold, italic, underline, or
strikethrough
The selected text will change and
display your chosen face.
Try some others just to see how
they look.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 07 Basic WYSIWYG – List Types
To create either a bulleted or
numbered list:
1.
2.
2
Select the second and third rows of
text
Click on the Bullets button (for
bullets) or the Numbers button (for
numbers)
1
The selected lines of text will display
bullets, or numbers, as chosen.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 07 Basic WYSIWYG – Indents
To indent text lines:
2
1.
2.
1
Highlight the third row of text
Click on the Indent button to
indent it
Note how the solid bullet changes
to a hollow sub-bullet
To break out of the bullets, from
the end of your last line of text, hit
enter a few times.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 07 Basic WYSIWYG – Preview Format Changes
Let’s take a look at the progress to
date:
1.
2.
3.
2
Scroll to the bottom of the screen
and click the Preview button
The preview appears at the top of
the screen
It’s not much, but its getting a little
more interesting – click on the
Save button to save your work
3
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 08 Pasting Text
Different word processing programs contain different programming elements.
Different web browsers also contain different programming features.
In many situations, pasting directly from one text editor into another one can cause
some strange formatting behavior.
Our Discover Drupal WYSIWYG editor will accept paste entries using Firefox, Safari,
and Internet Explorer.
Using different word processing software, such as Open Office writer or WordPerfect,
along with different browsers, may yield some strange formatting behavior, but usually
it’s very simple to fix.
Text that’s pasted in from a web page using valid HTML/CSS will translate fine, but
remember that your theme’s CSS will be applied versus the CSS from the source page
you copy from.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 08 Pasting Text – Copy Word File
To copy the lab document:
1
2
1.
2.
3
Open the 501-basics-lab.doc and
locate the Ex. 08 section
Note the formatted text in the file:



3.
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Calibri font
Larger, bold headers
Bulleted list
Select all of the text in the document
by pressing the Ctrl + A keys and copy
all of the text in the document to your
clipboard by pressing the Ctrl + C keys
WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 08 Pasting Text – Paste Word Text
To paste from Microsoft Word:
1.
2.
Place the cursor after the existing text and enter
down to make space
Press the Ctrl + V keys to paste the text directly
into the text editor
2
1
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Enter down to about here
WYSIWYG Editor: Ex. 08 Pasting Text – Preview Paste from Word
Heading 4 Headers
Bullets
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Preview the draft.
A clean preview should appear.
The pasted content should have Heading 4
headers and bullets.
Note, though, that the font is not the
Calibri font used in the Word document –
instead it’s Arial.
This is the theme at work. It’s taking some
information from Word and using it, but
the theme is applying it’s own properties
to the targeted items. This is normal.
If everything is satisfactory, click Save.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles
While exploring the Discover Drupal 6 site, it can be observed that some elements
within the site are consistent:

The background is always the same

The menu items all look similar

The colors for certain items, such as headings, are consistent
What’s occurring here is that the Drupal site is “being told” how to look from a set of
styling specifications known as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). CSS is what’s used to
create the Theme of the Drupal site.
In our Discover Drupal site, only the Administrator can change the theme.
Editors can override some style settings on a page-by-page basis, though.
Let’s find out how to do this…
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Input Formats
An Input Format is the type of input that a content provider is allowed to enter into a
Drupal site.
Different access roles can have different input format permissions. There are a few
reasons for having this type of feature, but the most important is the overall security
of the site. Some types of code, such as PHP, or even CSS, can beak a site either
accidentally or intentionally. Because of this, input formats are used to help strip out
things in the editor that could potentially be harmful to your site.
Editors in Discover Drupal can use Safe HTML, Filtered HTML, Full HTML, and Plain
Text.
Most of the time the default format, Safe HTML works just fine, but to make style
changes, you’ll need to switch to Full HTML.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Ex. 09 Change Text Styles – Switch Input Format
To switch the input format, do the following:
1.
In the leftmost drop-down menu on your text editor, select Full HTML
You’ll note some new tools that are added to your tool bar.
1
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Ex. 09 Change Text Styles – Change Font Size
To change the font size, do the
following:
2
1
1.
2.
Select the text you wish to
increase the size of
On the Size drop-down box,
select the font size you want
The font size within your
selection area will change
accordingly.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Ex. 09 Change Text Styles – Change Background Color
To change the background color
of your text, do the following:
1.
2.
Select the desired text
Click the Background Color
toolbar button to open it and
select a color
1
2
The background color of your
selected text will change
accordingly.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Ex. 09 Change Text Styles – Change Text Color
To change the text color of your
text, do the following:
1
1.
2
2.
Select the desired text
Click the Text Color toolbar
button to open it and select a
color
The text color of your selected
text will change accordingly.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Ex. 09 Change Text Styles – Progress to Date
Save your work so far by clicking on the Save button.
When you look at the saved node, you may notice
some things that don’t look quite right.
You may see spots where the styles you applied might
not be perfectly to your liking.
Inline CSS styles can also be added, if needed, to fine
tune your display. This shouldn’t occur often, but let’s
take a look at how it’s done just in case. Your node
probably looks different than the example so this is a
general how-to versus a specific exercise.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Ex. 09 Change Text Styles – In-Line CSS Styles
The W3 Schools website is an outstanding free resource for CSS
information:
http://www.w3schools.com/css/default.asp
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Click on the Edit tab to go back
into your node to edit it.
To add an in-line CSS style, you
need to disable the rich text
editor by clicking on the HTML
tab.
Once inside the source code,
you need to locate the HTML
tag that you wish to apply the
in-line style to, as shown in
the example.
WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Ex. 09 Change Text Styles – Completed
Upon saving, the little glitch with the text background is
corrected.
CSS styles can sometimes be a little tricky. Generally,
simple style changes will render just fine, but remember
– there are many different browsers, many different
versions of the different browsers, different operating
systems, and different themes as well – all of these
things can affect how a node appears. Styling more
complex elements like tables can become fairly difficult.
Typically it’s best to have a good theme and keep styling
changes to a minimum.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Styles – Usability Concern
Along with the ability to change something as simple as color, comes the responsibility
to consider potential outcomes.
According to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, some form of hereditary color
blindness affects approximately 7% of American men and about .4% of American
women. This does not count color blindness that occurs due to injury.
There are different types of color blindness: blue-yellow, red-green, and total. Use
caution when color changes to ensure usability for your audience as a whole.
No Color Blindness
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Blue-Yellow Color
Blindness
Red-Green Color
Blindness
80
Total Color
Blindness
WYSIWYG Editor: Links
The Hyperlink, or Link, is the oldest conceptual element on the Web. In fact, the Web
was actually created specifically to use linking.
Everything that you see on the web is, in fact, linked to something somewhere.
There are three types of links:

Anchor (aka “On Page”)
 Jumps to another location with
the same page

Internal (aka “On Site”)
 Jumps to a different page within
the same site

External (aka “Off Site”)
 Jumps to a page on another site
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WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 10 Create Anchor Link
To create an anchor link, first insert an
anchor:
4
1
1.
2.
 Drupal Core
 Core Modules
 Core Themes
2
3
5
3.
6
4.
5.
6.
7.
7
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Click the Edit tab to open your node in edit
mode
Add the following three references above
the text pasted in from Word
82
Click next to the Drupal Core sub-header
Click the Anchor button to open the
Anchor Properties dialog box
Enter the name drupal-core in the box
Click on the OK button
A small anchor appears near the Drupal
Core sub-header
WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 10 Create Anchor Link – Insert Link
2
Next insert the link:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Select the Drupal Core reference
Click the Link button to open the Link
dialog box
In the Link Type drop down choose Link
to anchor in text
Select drupal-core from the By Anchor
Name drop-down field
Click the Advanced tab
Add some descriptive text into the
Advisory Title field
Click the OK button
3
4
1
5
6
The new link will switch to a blue,
underlined hyperlink.
Repeat this process for the remaining list items.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 10 Create Anchor Link – Save & Test
Save the node to view and test the
links.
As each reference in the link list is
clicked, the screen should jump to
the corresponding anchor.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 11 Create Internal Link
To create an internal link, first,
create a reference:
1.
2.
3.
1
3
Click the content Edit tab to open
in edit mode
Type some text beneath the
anchor link references then
highlight the newly added row of
text
Click the Align Right tool button to
right align the text and distinguish
it from the anchor link references
2
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WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 11 Create Internal Link – Insert the Link
Next, insert the link:
1
1.
2.
3.
2
3
4
4.
5.
5
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Keeping the reference text
highlighted, click on the Link
button
In the Link dialog box, Link Type
drop-down leave URL
In the Protocol drop-down
choose <other>
In the URL field type
congratulations
Click the OK button
WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 11 Create Internal Link – Save & Test
Save the page to view and test the link.
Clicking on the internal link should take you to
another node in our training site.
To return to your node, click your browser’s
Back button.
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WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 12 Create External Link
1
3
To create an external link:
1.
2.
3.
4
2
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Click the content Edit tab to open in edit
mode
Select any unlinked word within the
editor
Click the Link tool button to open the Link
dialog box.
Add your favorite URL in the URL field
WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 12 Create External Link – Set Target
1
When going from a page under your
control to an external page outside of
your control, it can be a good idea to
open the link in a new window. To do this:
1.
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While inside the Link dialog box, from the
Target drop-down, select New Window
(_blank)
WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 12 Create External Link – Add Advisory Title
To add an Advisory Title:
1.
2.
1
3.
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Click the Advanced tab
Enter some descriptive text in the
Advisory Title field
Click the OK button
WYSIWYG Editor: Links – Ex. 12 Create External Link – Save & Test
Save the page to view and test the
link.
Clicking on the external link should
open another tab containing the
page of the site you entered.
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URLs: Overview
A URL, or Uniform Resource Locater, is a point to a page or resource on the Web.
Sometimes this might also be known as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier).
Let’s take a second to understand how a URL works..
1
A user on a client machine, such
as a personal computer, enters a
web address in the URL bar, or
clicks on a hyperlink.
2
A signal, known as a
request, is sent through
many different devices,
often over thousands of
miles, to a web server.
This signal says “serve me
up the information at this
address”.
4
The packets are then
reassembled as they are
returned to the client machine
and the requested item is
displayed in the user’s browser.
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A web server is a big storage computer that
can hold millions of different files. When a
request is made of the web server, it
locates the information, breaks it into lots
of pieces called packets that are then sent
to the client.
Web Server
Keep in mind, this is all
happening in a matter of
seconds!
92
Also keep in mind that the web server may
have many other different clients around
the world making the same request at the
same time!
URLs: Page Not Found
Given the process that a web page request has to go through, it’s understandable why
the URL has to be correct for the information to be provided by the server.
Most of us are familiar with the dreaded 404, or Page Not Found, message:
A 404 message will appear for a few
different reasons:





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User mistypes a URL in the address bar
A link is incorrectly set by the content
provider
A web page using an absolute URL is
moved and not redirected
A web page is removed
An alias is changed the link is not
updated
URLs: Absolute v. Relative URLs
There are a couple of different types of URLs:

Absolute

A URL that points directly to a file on the internet
“http://discoverdrupal.drupalgardens.com/home”

Relative

A URL that points to another file/directory in relation to itself
“/home”
This tells the browser to attach the alias/file name to the “base” of the Discover Drupal URL. For the
Discover Drupal site, the base is http://discoverdrupal.drupalgardens.com
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URLs: Why Relative URLs are Preferred
An absolute URL only tells the computer the location of a particular resource.
A relative URL tells the computer how to get to that resource

Simplifies site migration
 Large sites are often built in a development area where outside users and search engines can not
discover it
 When a site is ready to “go live” it is physically moved from one directory location to another
 With Absolute URLs, all internal links would have to be manually reset because they would point to
“development-area/my-node” instead of something like “oregonstate.edu/my-node”
 With Relative URLs, the alias alone would exist, without the domain that prefixes it – so the alias just
“attaches” on to the new domains
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URLs: Things to Watch Out For
URLs can sometimes be frustrating because they affect everything on a website.
Fortunately, Drupal and its different modules will handle much of this automatically
for you.

Menu items


Embedded links (links that are within your content area)


When you use Drupal’s built in menu system, all links are automatically relative
Using the provided link buttons and instructions provided in this class will guarantee success
Embedded media such as images and video players

Special tools exist for this which will be covered in the following class
The final URL related item we need to consider is the URL Alias…
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URLs: URL Aliases – What An Alias Is
Whenever a node is created in Drupal, the system assigns it a unique numerical
identifier referred to as a node ID in Drupal speak.

If a node titled “My Biography” were created and if it were the tenth node to be created
on a site, Drupal would recognize it this way: node/10

If the URL http://www.my-drupal-site/node/10 were used, the node “My Biography”
would appear

node/10 isn’t very user friendly, though – and Google doesn’t like it at all
A URL alias is, basically, a “nickname” that you give your web address to make it easier
for your users to remember.
Simply put, with an alias, you’re telling Drupal ‘node/10 equals the name “my
biography”’ – Drupal then relates the two and recognizes both ways of referring to the
node.
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URLs: URL Aliases – Automatic Alias Feature
Our Discover Drupal site utilizes a contributed module named Pathauto that will
automatically alias all content.
It does this by simply using the title and programmatically enforcing some consistency:




All letters are changed to lower case
All extraneous words such as “and”, “but”, “the”, etc) are removed
All spaces are hyphenated
If the node’s title is repeated, the automatic alias feature will enumerate the end of the
alias
As an example, a node titled “This Is My Content” would become “my-content”
If there were two nodes on the site with the same title they would appear as such:



my-content
my-content-0
my-content-1, etc
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URLs: URL Aliases – Why Is This Important?
Knowing about URL aliases is important because:

Content providers have the ability to change aliases through the node submission form
 Doing this inadvertently, or without planning, on existing sites may break a link or adversely affect
menus
 Doing this on a mature, published site could result in invalid bookmarks for your audience

The Automatic Alias feature can be accidentally turned off by default by an administrator
 Doing this inadvertently will result in creating nodes that have node references only by default

Sometimes, when setting links, a need my arise where a link needs to be manually set
 If an alias is used in a hand-set link, it will not update automatically if a node’s alias is changed, which
will result in a broken link
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URLs: URL Aliases – Ex. 13 Toggle Automatic Alias
1
To toggle the Automatic alias feature:
1.
2.
3.
4.
3
2
Click the Edit tab to open the content in
edit mode
Scroll down to the Search engine
optimization tab and click it
Click the edit link next to the URL alias
shown
The path field will display – at this point
the user can enter an alias manually
Ensure that manual aliases are entered with all
small letters and hyphens between words
4
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For simplicity’s sake, it’s suggested that
this feature not be turned off.
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URLs: URL Aliases – Ex. 14 Locate a Node ID – Single Node ID
There are a couple of different ways to locate a node ID.
If you just need to know the node ID of the node you’re currently on, just click the Edit
tab.
The node id will always be up in the address bar.
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URLs: URL Aliases – Ex. 14 Locate a Node ID – Multiple Node IDs
If you need to locate multiple node IDs,
do the following:
1.
1
2.
3.
3
2
4
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In the Administration menu, click on
Configuration > URL aliases to open the
alias list
All aliases in use on the site are listed
alphabetically in the Alias column
Filtering on the Alias column can be
performed by entering the word to filter
on in the Filter aliases field and clicking
the Filter button
Sorting can be performed by clicking on
the Alias column
Basic Menus: Overview
What Menus are:

An organized list of features or content

Often contains sub-items
How Menus are created:

Standard menus automatically created when Drupal is installed

Custom menus can be created manually
Why Menus are used:

Users want to “get there” in four clicks or less

A plain website with a great menu system will beat out an artful website with a poorly
designed menu system anytime
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Basic Menus: Drupal Default Menus
When Drupal is first installed, there are three menus that are automatically created:

Main Menu
 Default menu when creating menu links – used to help sectionalize site
 Best place to store main menu items

Management
 Where all Drupal administrative tools are located
 Only seen by authenticated, permitted users
 Do not place your content links in this menu

Navigation
 Links intended for site visitors

User menu
 Contains links related to the user’s account as well as the log-out link
Of course, custom menus can be made as well. This is covered in the Engineering
Blocks workshop.
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Basic Menus: Ex. 15 – Add a Menu Item
A custom menu has been created
for workshop content. To add an
item to the Workshop Content
menu:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click the Edit tab to open the node in
edit mode
In the Menu settings tab, check the
Provide a menu link checkbox
Menu link title field = leave as is
Description field = add descriptive text
Parent item field = leave as is
Weight field = leave at 0

7.
1
2
3
4
7
This will order all menu items
alphabetically
5
6
Click the Publish button
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Basic Menus: Ex. 15 – Add a Menu Item – Workshop Content Menu
And now the Workshop Content menu
shows.
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Basic Menus: Usability Concerns
Menu development can be a tricky thing. As we build content, we naturally want our
audience to be able to “see everything at one shot”. Often times, though, this isn’t
feasible.
For example, if a site contains 300 nodes, that can translate into at least 300 menu
links – which is really too much for anyone to try to wade through. It can happen
quite quickly, though, especially on a multi-user site.
This is where planning and coordination come in – even before the first node is ever
created.
Additional tools and features exist in Drupal to with menu optimization – but the first
and simplest is a pencil and a piece of paper…
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The Value of a Plan
Websites come in all shapes and sizes
The bigger a site is, and the more contributors that are involved, the more important it
is to try and figure some things out ahead of time. Much of this can be done even
before the first node is published.
For those who are simply interested in contributing or updating content, this
workshop, as well as the following Content Types workshop, is probably enough.
For those who need to be actively involved in developing a site from the ground up, or
overhauling an existing one, several other intermediate and advanced workshops are
available that focus on strategizing information architecture, workflow, and use of the
more advanced Drupal features.
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Summary
We’ve made great progress so far! Throughout the course of this workshop, we’ve
learned the following:

How to sign up and log in to a Drupal Gardens site

How to adjust different elements of your profile

Many different features of the WYSIWYG editor, including how to change styles and create
hyperlinks

How URLs work and how to change an alias

How to add a node to a menu through the node submission form
You’re encouraged to visit the Content Types workshop, which is the next in this
introductory series. In this workshop, we learn how to work with the different content
types that are available.
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Conclusion
This completes our Diggin’ Drupal Gardens tutorial. For additional tutorials please
visit CWS Training at:
http://oregonstate.edu/cws/training/view/training-materials
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