UNIT 5 LESSON 3
Key Terms
PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION
CONTAMINATION
Contaminate
Contaminant
DECONTAMINATION
Sanitation
DISINFECTION
STERILIZATION
Dry heat.
PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION
Proper care must be taken to meet rigorous
health standards in order to prevent the spread
of disease. Our clients depend upon us to
ensure their safety.
CONTAMINATION
: Pollution, soiling with infectious matter.
CONTAMINATE
To make impure by contact; to taint or pollute
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CONTAMINANT
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Any substance that causes contamination
DECONTAMINATION
The act of removing pathogens and other
substances from tools or surfaces
SANITATION
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Sanitation or sanitizing is simply cleaning;
removing all visible dirt and debris is sanitizing.
2. METHODS OF CLEANING:
a. scrubbing with a brush
b. using an ultrasonic unit
c. using a solvent
(i.e., metal bits for electric files)
DISINFECTION
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Controls microorganisms on nonporous surfaces such
as instruments or implements. It is a higher level of
decontamination than sanitation. It is second only to
sterilization.
Does not kill bacterial spores. NOT for use on human
skin, hair, nails.
Follow directions Products that are developed to be safe
may be dangerous if used incorrectly. Disinfectants
must be used in strict accordance with directions.
STERILIZATION
Highest level of decontamination; destroys all
microbial life, and is necessary only when
surgical instruments cut into the vascular
layers of the body.
 Kills bacterial spores—the most resistant form
of life on Earth.
 Includes the steam autoclave and dry heat.
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STEAM AUTOCLAVE
Most popular and preferred due to proven
history. Works like a pressure cooker. With
steam injection, the temperature is raised
above that of boiling water. Will eventually kill
all living organisms, including bacterial spores.
DRY HEAT
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Works like an oven. Objects are baked until all
forms of life are dead.
IMPORTANT POINT:
Don’t use the word “sterilize” incorrectly. You
can only sterilize nonporous surfaces, such as
metal implements—you cannot sterilize the skin
or nails.
 Sterilization is impractical and unnecessary in
salons.
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KEY TERMS
efficacy
 Hospital-level disinfectant
 pseudomonacidal,
 bactericidal,
 fungicidal,
 virucidal.
 Broad-spectrum disinfectants
 An EPA-registered hospital liquid disinfectant or
bleach solution
 PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS
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CHOOSING A DISINFECTANT
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Disinfectants are chemicals. We must read and
follow directions. Safe products can be harmful
if used incorrectly.
CORRECT EFFICACY
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means effectiveness to be used against
bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Labels must list
the germs the product is proven to kill.
HOSPITAL-LEVEL DISINFECTANT
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Must be pseudomonacidal, bactericidal,
fungicidal, and virucidal
DISINFECTION
Disinfectant
• bactericidals
• tuberculocidals
• fungicidals
• virucidals
• pseudomonacidals
Kill
harmful bacteria
tuberculosis
fungus
viruses
pseudomonas
Broad-spectrum disinfectants kill bacteria,
viruses, fungi and pseudomonas
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
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An EPA-registered hospital liquid disinfectant or
bleach solution for cleanup of blood or body
fluid. When salon implements accidentally
contact blood, body fluids or unhealthy
conditions, they should be cleaned and then
completely immersed in an EPA-registered
hospital disinfectant solution or 10% bleach
solution
PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS
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Clean before immersing..
1. Use on precleaned, nonporous surfaces.
2. Dilute according to directions.
3. Contact time per directions.
4. Spray on contact time per directions.
5. Spray can’t be used if complete immersion is called for.
6. Use only as directed. Any other use is a violation of federal
law.
7. EPA-registered disinfectant in pedicure spa. Solution must
be circulated for the time required by label. Absorbent nail
files must be disposed of if they accidentally break the
client’s skin or contact unhealthy skin or nails.
KEY TERMS
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IV. TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS
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A. QUATS
B. PHENOLICS
C. ALCOHOL
EPA-registered as disinfectants.
BLEACH Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)
FUMIGANTS
DISINFECTANT SAFETY
Multi-use
Single-use
A. QUATS
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.
 1. Nontoxic, odorless, fast-acting. Safe and
useful disinfectants.
 2. Most disinfect in 10 minutes.
 3. Long-term exposure may damage fine steel.
 4. Complete immersion. Means enough liquid
to cover all surfaces of the item being
disinfected.
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B. PHENOLICS
disinfectants are powerful tuberculocidal
disinfectants.
 1. A caustic poison. Safe and effective if used
properly.
 2. Can damage rubber and plastic.
 3. Avoid skin contact. Have high pH and can
cause skin irritation; concentrated phenols can
 seriously burn skin and eyes.
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ALCOHOL
1. Methyl alcohol Methanol—not used in salons.
 2. Ethyl alcohol Ethanol—to be effective, must
be no less than 70%.
 3. Isopropyl alcohol Rubbing alcohol; must be
99% to be effective. Alcohols are not
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EPA-REGISTERED AS DISINFECTANTS.
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They are not permitted for use with Implements
in states requiring hospital-level disinfection.
BLEACH
Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)
 effective as a disinfectantin the salon.
 Effective as a laundering additive. Too much
bleach can damage some metals and plastics
 To mix bleach solution, add 1 cup tD. o
 1 gallon of water (128 ounces).
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FUMIGANTS
They contain formaldehyde vapors that may cause
cancer in high concentrations.
 High risk of developing allergic sensitivity as well.
 1. Must be kept in airtight container. It takes 24
hours to kill one fungus.
 2. Vapors are poisonous. Also extremely irritating
to eyes, nose, throat, lungs, and can cause skin
 allergies.
 3. Incorrect use violates federal law.
 4. Can aggravate lung problems.
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F. DISINFECTANT SAFETY
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Disinfectants are hazardous if used incorrectly. Some are poisonous if
ingested; some cause skin and eye damage.
1. Wear gloves and safety glasses. See Figure 5–14.
2. Add disinfectant to water. Never add water to disinfectant.
3. Use tongs, gloves, or draining basket. Do this when removing implements
from disinfectants.
4. Keep away from children.
5. Don’t pour quats, phenols, etc. over hands. Wash your hands with soap
and warm water and dry thoroughly.
6. Carefully weigh and measure products.
7. Never place in unmarked container.
8. Always follow manufacturer’s directions.
9. Avoid overexposure. Change disinfectant soak solution daily or more
often if it becomes
soiled or contaminated.
MULTI-USE
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1. Reusable and can be cleaned, disinfected, and used
on more than one person such as nippers, shears,
combs, pushers, some files and buffers.
2. Single-use Disposable items cannot be used more
than once (either because they cannot be properly
cleaned or cleaning damages them). Examples are
orangewood sticks, cotton balls, gauze, tissues, paper
towels, and some nail files and buffers.
3. Porous Items made or constructed of an absorbent
material. Some can be cleaned and disinfected.
Examples are towels, chamois, some nail files and
buffers.
2. SINGLE-USE
Disposable items cannot be used more than once
(either because they cannot be properly cleaned or
cleaning damages them). Examples are
orangewood sticks, cotton balls, gauze, tissues,
paper towels, and some nail files and buffers.
 3. Porous Items made or constructed of an
absorbent material. Some can be cleaned and
disinfected. Examples are towels, chamois, some
nail files and buffers.
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