Organization and Citing Your
Sources/ Event Speech
Types of Outlines
• Working
• Formal
• Key Word
Ways to Organize the Body
• Time (Chronological)
• Spatial
• Topical
Star Pattern
• Wave Pattern
• Comparative (compare or contrast)
• Problem/Solution
• Cause/Effect or Effect/Cause
AMTOBUL
• Introduction (AMTO)
• Body
(B)
• Conclusion (UL)
The Introduction
• Attention-getter
• Motivation
• Thesis Statement
• Overview of Body
The Conclusion
• Last chance to win us
over
• Sum up and restate
thesis (Underview)
• Memorable final
thought (Last Thought)
Transitions
or going from Point A to point B
• Signals:
“My next point is.....”
• Internal Summaries: “Now we have seen
how this law began.”
• Transitions: “Bobby Kennedy’s death
changed politics in the late 1960s, but it
also had a lasting impact on history.”
And now for a
transition.......
Once you have organized your
speech into an introduction, body,
and conclusion, and you have
added transitions and internal
summaries, you must next consider
giving credit for the information you
use.
Verbal Citations
After you leave class you can find examples
of how to orally cite your sources on page
290 of your textbook.
Following are some examples of basic
guidelines:
If citing a source, not a
person, tell us:
• What the source is, the title of the
article, and the date.
• “CNN, in a broadcast titled “Last Ditch
Efforts,” on April 15, 2010, tells us
that....”
If citing a person, tell us the
source, the date, and the
person’s qualifications.
• Trudi Peterson, a Professor of
Communication Studies at Monmouth
College, cited this statistic in a study
she did in the Fall of 2009.
If Citing a Website,
Tell us the name of the website and when
you visited it. You don’t need to give
its URL.
“The ESPN website, which I checked out
on September 1, 2010, stated that….”
What needs to be cited?
•
•
•
•
Statistics
Dates (unless obvious)
Quotations
Information that is so specific it’s not
generally known so you needed to look
up
• Unusual interpretations of events
Let’s Look at an Example…
• “I Dream Things that Never Were and
Say, ‘Why Not?’”
• Introduction: One of the AMTOBUL
points is missing. Which one?
• Where do you see the thesis and where
else could it be placed?
In the Body of the Outline:
• Is there enough or too much
background on Kennedy?
• Is there a good balance between the
event’s details and its significance?
• Are there sources cited on the outline?
Conclusion
• Too Short?
• Should it repeat the thesis or no?
• Does it get in the AMTOBUL required
parts?
Bibliography
• This part of your outline does NOT
have to go in to turnitin.com The style
is MLA.
• But it should be turned in with your
outline when you come to class to give
your speech.
• Use this Kennedy as an example of
how to write your bibliography.
Sum Up
•
•
•
•
•
Outlines
AMTOBUL Outline
Transition phrases
Verbal Citations
Sample Outline and its parts
• And last, we’ll move to turnitin.com