DNA form and function - Key Points
1.
Describe the three features of DNA that make it such an ideal genetic material.
2.
Diagram a deoxyribonucleotide, number the carbons and indicate where the
N-containing base, OH, and Phosphate group are attached.
3.
Name the 4 bases present in DNA and in RNA and know which bases are complimentary in DNA, in RNA and in DNA:RNA.
4.
Explain how nucleotides are formed into polynucleotides and how two strands of these polymers can form a DNA doubled helix.
5.
What is meant by semiconservative replication?
6.
List and briefly define the three essential requirements for DNA synthesis.
7.
What are two key roles of polymerases in DNA replication?
8.
What 3 considerations lead to the inevitable conclusion that there must be thousands of bidirectional origins of DNA replication in higher plants?
9.
What is the essential function of RNA primers in DNA replication and what happens to these primers once replication is completed?
10.
Draw a diagram of a bidirectional origin showing two replication forks. Label the 5’ and 3’ ends of all strands and indicate which of the newly synthesizing strands are leading and which are lagging at each of the forks.
11.
Explain why telomeres get shorter with each DNA replication and how telomerase can “solve” this problem.