SAFETY AND FIRST AID
How and where to use it.
WHAT NOT TO DO...
GUIDED QUESTIONS
• What is the importance of knowing basic first aid skills?
• What are different safety practices that you can apply to
your daily life?
• How can you determine if someone needs first aid or
CPR?
• What steps do you take when providing first aid and
CPR?
WHAT IS FIRST AID?
• First Aid is ANY help
that is provided to
someone who is sick or
injured, until medical
help can arrive.
THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING
BASIC FIRST AID
• Babysitting
• Independence
• Driving
• Everyday life
WHAT TO DO WHEN ENTERING A
SCENE
• Check for safety
• Call 9-1-1 (or appoint someone)
• Introduce yourself
• Ask if you can help them
• If the response is no, stop and don't provide any help
• If they are unable to answer, check for pulse, and
follow the directions of the 9-1-1 dispatcher
• A- airway
• B- breathing
• C- circulation
• Checking for circulation:
• Carotid pulse
• Femoral pulse
• Popliteal pulse
• Radial pulse
• Bronchial pulse
ABC'S OF FIRST AID
AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
• Universal sign for choking
• Heimlich maneuver
• Infant
• Child
• Adult
• Pet
WOUNDS AND WOUND CARE
• Wound- break or tear in the soft tissues of the body
• External bleeding- bleeding at the body surface
• Internal bleeding- bleeding within the body
• Care for Minor Wound
• Wash hands
• Universal precautions
• Wash wound
• Antibiotic ointment
• Apply sterile cloth/Band-Aid
CARE FOR WOUNDS CONTINUED
• Severe Wounds
• Medical help immediately
• Lay victim down
• Follow blood to find the wound
• Place a dressing on the wound and apply direct
pressure
• Raise limb above the heart
• Apply pressure at pressure points
SHOCK
• Condition in which some body organs are not
getting enough oxygenated blood
• Cardiogenic- caused due to heart problems
• Hypovolemic- caused due to low blood volume
(dehydration & bleeding out)
• Anaphylactic- caused due to a severe allergic
reaction (change in blood vessels)
• Septic- caused due to an infection
• caused by damage done to the nervous
Neurogenic- system
TREATING SHOCK
• Make the person as comfortable as possible.
• Lay them down
• Elevate Feet
• Cover with a blanket
• Loosen any clothing around the neck
• Monitor Vitals (Pulse, respirations, and any
changes that you might notice i.e. color)
BURNS
• Injuries to the skin and tissues caused by heat, chemicals,
electricity or radiation
• First Degree- affected outer area, sunburns, 3-6 days to
heal
• Second Degree- extend to inner layer and red, swollen and
blistered, exposure to burning hot liquid, 3 weeks to heal
• Third Degree- full thickness burns, all skin layers, often
fatal, no immediate pain because all nerves are destroyed,
severe pain later, skin graft is necessary
FRACTURES
• A crack or a break in the bone, there are many different
types ( we will only cover a few)
• Green stick fracture- partial break
• Transverse fracture- a break straight across the bone
• Spiral fracture- the break spirals around the bone
• Oblique fracture- a diagonal break in the bone
• Compression fracture- the bone is crushed causing a
break
• Compound fracture- where the bone punctures the
skin
• Dislocation
• Bone has been forced out of its normal position
• Sprain
• Ligaments in a joint are stretched too far or torn
• Strain
• Muscle or tendon has been stretched too far or
torn
• Splint
• A device used to stabilize a body part
• Helps reduce pain, prevent further damage
TREATMENT FOR BONE, MUSCLE
AND JOINTS
• PRICE
• P—Pressure
• R– Rest
• I – Ice
• C – Compress
• E – Elevate
SUSPECTING NECK OR HEAD
INJURY?
• Head Injury
• Do not move the person
•
•
•
•
Call for medical help right away
Stabilize the head and neck
Do not move hands
Wait for medical help
• Concussion
• Although concussions usually are caused by a blow to the head, they
can also occur when the head and upper body are violently shaken.
• Effects are usually temporary, but can include problems with
headache, concentration, memory, judgment, balance and
coordination.
• Call for medical help, prevent further concussions, rest
CPR
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Check the scene
• Remain calm
• Appoint someone to call 9-1-1
• Asses the person ABC's
PROVIDING CPR
• The person should be laying flat on their back
• Tilt their head back, and look inside their mouth.
• If you see no obstruction proceed with 2 rescue
breaths (if you are CPR certified)
• If you are not CPR certified proceed with chest
compressions (30 compressions at 100 beats per
min)
• Recheck the person~ ABC's
AED USE
• Automated External Defibrillator
• How to use AED
• The AED machines are typically located
near the front office or the school gyms.
TOP 5 CAUSES OF INJURY OR
DEATH WITHIN THE HOME
• 1. Falls
• 2. Poisoning
• 3. Fires/ Burns
• 4. Airway Obstruction
• 5. Water/ Drowning
FALLS
• Most falls can be prevented by recognizing the accident
chain:
• The situation
• The unsafe habit
• The unsafe action
• The accident
• The result
By recognizing the chain of events, a person is able to take
action and prevent the same accident from happening
again.
POISONING
• Is a substance that can cause illness or death when
ingested or absorbed
• Most cases of poisoning are due to chemicals not
being stored in a safe place.
• If you suspect that someone has consumed a poison
call: 1-800-222-1222
• If the person is reacting to poisoning call 9-1-1
FIRES AND BURNS
• Injuries to the skin and tissues caused by heat, chemicals,
electricity or radiation
• First Degree- affected outer area, sunburns, 3-6 days to
heal
• Second Degree- extend to inner layer and red, swollen and
blistered, exposure to burning hot liquid, 3 weeks to heal
• Third Degree- full thickness burns, all skin layers, often
fatal, no immediate pain because all nerves are destroyed,
severe pain later, skin graft is necessary
WATER/ DROWNING
• Survival Swimming
YOU ARE WITH A FRIEND WHEN YOU COME
ACROSS A CAR ON ITS SIDE IN THE MIDDLE OF
THE ROAD. A WOMAN IS SCREAMING AND
BLEEDING VERY BADLY. A MAN IS LYING ON
THE ROAD, UNCONSCIOUS. WHAT ARE THE
STEPS THAT YOU WOULD TAKE?
YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS ARE AT THE PARK
HAVING A BBQ, ONE OF YOUR FRIENDS
DECIDES TO TAKE OFF THEIR SHOES AND RUN
BAREFOOT. YOU HEAR THEM YELLING FOR
HELP, YOU THEN RUSH OVER TO SEE THAT
THEIR FOOT HAS BEEN IMPALED WITH A
STICK AND THEY ARE BLEEDING SEVERELY.
WHAT ARE THE STEPS THAT YOU WOULD TAKE
TO HELP THEM?
IN CHEMISTRY CLASS YOU AND YOUR LAB
PARTNER ARE WORKING ON YOUR
EXPERIMENT. WHILE BOILING WATER ON THE
BUNSEN BURNER, SOMEONE BUMPS INTO YOU
AND YOU KNOCK THE BOILING WATER OFF
AND IT GOES ALL OVER YOUR PARTNER’S
HANDS, ARMS, AND STOMACH. THE SKIN ON
THE BACK OF THEIR HANDS IS ALREADY
STARTING TO BLISTER. WHAT SHOULD YOU
DO?
YOU ARE OUT TO EAT WITH SOME
FRIENDS, WHEN YOU NOTICE SOMEONE
ACROSS THE RESTAURANT STAND UP
GRABBING THEIR THROAT. WHAT ARE
THE STEPS YOU WOULD TAKE?
YOU AND YOUR FAMILY ARE ALL IN THE
BACK YARD, WHEN ALL OF A SUDDEN YOU
HEAR A SCREAM. YOU RUN TO THE BACK
OF THE HOUSE WHEN YOU SEE YOUR
NEIGHBOR’S DAUGHTER LAYING ON HER
SIDE NOT BREATHING. WHAT STEPS
WOULD YOU TAKE IN THIS SITUATION?
YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS ARE AT THE MALL.
YOU ALL HAVE JUST LEFT CHEESECAKE
FACTORY, WHEN YOU PASS AN ELDERLY
COUPLE. THE MALE COLLAPSES AS YOU
APPROACH THEM, AFTER USING THE ABC'S
YOU NOTICE THAT HE HAS A MEDICAL
ALERT TAG THAT SAYS HE HAS DIABETES.
WHAT STEPS DO YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS
TAKE?
YOUR NEXT-DOOR NEIGHBOR HAS ASKED YOU
TO WATCH THEIR 2 CHILDREN FOR THE EVENING,
YOU SAY YES. DURING THE EVENING THE
CHILDREN CONVINCE YOU TO CREATE A SLIDE
DOWN THE STAIRS WITH CARDBOARD.
EVERYONE WAS HAVING LOTS OF FUN, WHEN
ONE OF THE CHILDREN SLID TOO SOON,
CAUSING THEM TO TUMBLE DOWN THE STAIRS.
THE CHILD IS NOW LAYING AT THE BOTTOM OF
THE STAIRS MOTIONLESS. WHAT STEPS DO YOU
TAKE?